Análise do que entendemos ser a questão central no cinema de Valerio Zurlini, a dimensão do silêncio, e como isto é pontuado através de pausas, elipses e silêncios entre as imagens. Por uma ótica proporcionada pelo filtro estilístico do próprio diretor, dois de seus oito longas-metragens ganham destaque: Dois Destinos e A Primeira Noite de Tranqüilidade. O tom das recordações, a diferenciação do uso da memória e o sentimento que é sempre um sentimento de morte que aparece muito mais como linguagem metafórica, ou corte para uma linguagem suplementar, outra margem a ser seguida regendo as ações dos personagens, que, desta maneira, constituem uma atmosfera existencialista, condizente com a época mas também com a herança cultural e religiosa de Zurlini. Uma proposta, portanto, de inserir a originalidade fílmica deste diretor e a sua relevância no cenário cinematográfico europeu. / This is an analysis of what we understand to be the main issue in Valerio Zurlini\'s cinema, the measure of silence, and how this is pontuacted in the form of pauses, ellipses and silences among the images. Trought the esthetic filter that the director himself provide to us two of his works come forward: Cronaca Familiare (1962) and La Prima Notte di Quiete (1972). The tone of reminiscence, the difference in the use of memory and emotion - that is presented as sense death as a metaphor, or juxtaposed to a supplementary language, yet another line to be pursuit - dictating the characters actions in a existentialist manner, in touch to his time but, also, with Zurlini\'s cultural and religious heritage. A proposal, therefore, to contextualise the original work and the importance of this film director inside the european cinematographic scene.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jae Keum Oh.pdf: 6453251 bytes, checksum: 44935e77974596a4e82a9c7b7c032ce6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This project explores the issues of expressivity in speech by analyzing the nature of phonetic-acoustic and perceptive. The goal is to investigate the effects of pauses in the interpretation of four poems from the four main heteronyms of Fernando Pessoa by an announcer-actor. The object of this investigation is the relationship established between sound and meaning in this interpretation. The corpora are composed of a poem by each of the four main heteronyms Fernando Pessoa's Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, Álvaro de Campos and Fernando Pessoa by himself, recorded on CD. Acoustic Phonetic analysis includes the measurement of the pause using the software Praat. The results show the use of pauses by the speaker-actor according to the poetic text or backronym. The pauses in poetry reading have a role as developer of the architecture of oral interpretation or expression of meaning effects / Este projeto explora a temática da Expressividade na fala por meio de análise de natureza fonético-acústica e perceptiva. O objetivo é investigar os efeitos das pausas na interpretação de quatro poemas dentre os quatro principais heterônimos de Fernando Pessoa por um locutor-ator. O objeto desta investigação é a relação que se estabelece entre som e sentido nessa interpretação. Os corpora são compostos por um poema de cada um dos quatro principais heterônimos de Fernando Pessoa: Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, Álvaro de Campos e Fernando Pessoa por ele mesmo, gravados em CD. A análise Fonético Acústica compreende a medição da pausa por meio do software Praat. Os resultados mostram o uso das pausas pelo locutor-ator em função do texto poético ou heteronímico. As pausas, em leitura de poesia, têm o papel de colaborador da arquitetura da interpretação oral ou de expressão dos efeitos de sentidos

Chez les eucaryotes, l’ARN polymérase (RNAP) III transcrit les ARN de transferts, l’ARN ribosomique 5S, et plusieurs douzaines d’autres ARNs non traduits. Le génome des mammifères contient plusieurs milliers d’éléments répétés, les SINEs. In vitro, leur transcription dépend de la RNAP III. Le taux de transcription de la RNAP III détermine la croissance et la prolifération cellulaires, sa dérégulation a été associée à de nombreux cancers. Afin de caractériser la distribution sur l’ensemble du génome de la RNAP III et de ses facteurs de transcription TFIIIB et TFIIIC, nous avons développé un protocole très spécifique de ChIP-seq en tandem. Nous avons déterminé l’ensemble des gènes liés par la RNAP III dans les cellules souches embryonnaires de souris. Cet ensemble est bien inférieur au nombre de gènes prédits dans le génome. Nous avons également observé la RNAP III et ses facteurs de transcription liés à 30 régions non annotées, seule une d’entre elles est conservée chez l’humain. Un très faible nombre de SINEs sur un demi-million prédits est associé à la RNAP III. Notre étude révèle de nombreux sites liés uniquement par TFIIIC, nommés « extra-TFIIIC loci », ETC chez la levure. Ces sites sont associés à la protéine CTCF, et à la cohésine. La cohésine occupe les sites liés par CTCF, et contribue à la formation de boucles ADN, associées à la répression ou à l’activation de l’expression des gènes. Ces données suggèrent que TFIIIC peut jouer un rôle dans l’organisation de l’architecture chromosomique chez les souris. Nous avons également démontré que TCEA1, l’isoforme ubiquitaire de TFIIS, le facteur d’élongation de la RNAP II, est associée aux gènes actifs de classe III. Ceci suggére que TFIIS est un facteur de transcription de classe III. Finalement, la distribution de TFIIS aux gènes de classe II indique que le recrutement de TFIIS n’est pas suffisant pour contrôler la transition de la RNAP II pausée en 5’ des gènes en élongation. / In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase (RNAP) III transcribes the tRNAs, the 5S ribosomal RNA and a half a dozen known untranslated RNA. Mammalian genome contains several thousand of repeated elements, the Short interspersed repetitive elements (SINE). In vitro, they are transcribed by RNAP III. RNAP III transcription levels determine cell growth and proliferation and, importantly, its deregulation is associated with cancer. Looking at the genome-wide distribution of RNAP III and its transcription factors, TFIIIB and TFIIIC, we develop a highly specific tandem ChIP-sequencing method. We have determined the set of genes that are transcribed by RNAP III in mouse embryonic stem cells. We discovered that not all known class III genes were transcribed in ES cells. We also observed that RNAP III and its transcription factors were present at thirty unannotated sites on the mouse genome, only one of which was conserved in human. Only a couple of hundreds of SINEs out of more than half a million are associated with RNAP III in mouse ES cells. Our study reveals numerous ‘TFIIIC-only’ sites, called ETC for extra-TFIIIC loci in yeast. These sites are correlated with association of CTCF and the cohesin. Cohesin has been shown to occupy sites bound by CTCF and to contribute to DNA loop formation associated with gene repression or activation. This observation suggests that TFIIIC may play a role in chromosome organization in mouse. We also demonstrated that TCEA1, the ubiquitous isoform of TFIIS RNAP II elongation factor, is associated with active class III genes suggesting that TFIIS is a RNAP III transcription factor in mammals. Finally, the distribution of TFIIS on RNAP II-transcribed genes indicated that its recruitment does not control the transition of RNAP II paused at genes 5’ end into elongation.

No description available.

Chez les eucaryotes, l'ARN polymérase (RNAP) III transcrit les ARN de transferts, l'ARN ribosomique 5S, et plusieurs douzaines d'autres ARNs non traduits. Le génome des mammifères contient plusieurs milliers d'éléments répétés, les SINEs. In vitro, leur transcription dépend de la RNAP III. Le taux de transcription de la RNAP III détermine la croissance et la prolifération cellulaires, sa dérégulation a été associée à de nombreux cancers. Afin de caractériser la distribution sur l'ensemble du génome de la RNAP III et de ses facteurs de transcription TFIIIB et TFIIIC, nous avons développé un protocole très spécifique de ChIP-seq en tandem. Nous avons déterminé l'ensemble des gènes liés par la RNAP III dans les cellules souches embryonnaires de souris. Cet ensemble est bien inférieur au nombre de gènes prédits dans le génome. Nous avons également observé la RNAP III et ses facteurs de transcription liés à 30 régions non annotées, seule une d'entre elles est conservée chez l'humain. Un très faible nombre de SINEs sur un demi-million prédits est associé à la RNAP III. Notre étude révèle de nombreux sites liés uniquement par TFIIIC, nommés " extra-TFIIIC loci ", ETC chez la levure. Ces sites sont associés à la protéine CTCF, et à la cohésine. La cohésine occupe les sites liés par CTCF, et contribue à la formation de boucles ADN, associées à la répression ou à l'activation de l'expression des gènes. Ces données suggèrent que TFIIIC peut jouer un rôle dans l'organisation de l'architecture chromosomique chez les souris. Nous avons également démontré que TCEA1, l'isoforme ubiquitaire de TFIIS, le facteur d'élongation de la RNAP II, est associée aux gènes actifs de classe III. Ceci suggére que TFIIS est un facteur de transcription de classe III. Finalement, la distribution de TFIIS aux gènes de classe II indique que le recrutement de TFIIS n'est pas suffisant pour contrôler la transition de la RNAP II pausée en 5' des gènes en élongation.

La recherche se développe dans une agence d'accueil au public. Les accueils sontréalisés en face à face et demandent de la part du travailleur des échanges discursifs quitraitent de la non-réalisation des services sollicités ou du non-respect des délais. La tension estexplicite. Faire face à ces situations de réclamation du public contre l'entreprise, légitimes ounon, fait que les réceptionnistes maintiennent un effort mental intense et prolongé.L'objectif général de la thèse est d'avancer un peu plus dans la singularité des sujets ensituation de travail et de contribuer à ce que les travailleurs puissent se développer ettransformer l'activité dans le but de diminuer les conflits dans l'accueil et, par conséquent,l'affection mentale.Nous cherchons donc une théorie et une pratique qui puissent mieux contribuer à révélerle sens des situations à partir de l'appréhension des expériences subjectives desréceptionnistes. Avec le concept d' " activité empêchée ", dans laquelle les conflitsintrasubjectifs se font présents, nous cherchons comme fil conducteur la clinique de l'activité.Dans ce processus, nous utilisons la méthode de l'auto-confrontation croisée, c'est-à-dire quepar le biais des discussions, des contradictions, dans des situations vécues dans le collectif, lestravailleurs pourraient parvenir à la reconstruction des sens de la propre activité.C'est à partir du terrain de travail, du matériel empirique recueilli dans les autoconfrontationssimples et croisées, qu'a surgi un " instrument " qui a joué le rôle de fil àdérouler : la pause au cours de la journée de travail. Et à partir de la pause, nous cherchons àparvenir aux conflits de l'activité et au possible développement des travailleurs dans l'activité.D'une manière générale, on peut dire que notre objectif est devenu une double questionde la fonction de la pause, d'un côté en tant qu'instrument de développement de l'activité, del'autre en tant qu'objet de reprise du travail à partir du collectif, pour la rénovation du genre.Dans ce problème apparemment simple se concentrent de fortes tensions de l'activité en faceà face, aussi bien individuelle (intrasubjective) que collective (intersubjective) de travail, quipeuvent révéler tout le potentiel de développement des travailleurs dans cette même activité.

Análise do que entendemos ser a questão central no cinema de Valerio Zurlini, a dimensão do silêncio, e como isto é pontuado através de pausas, elipses e silêncios entre as imagens. Por uma ótica proporcionada pelo filtro estilístico do próprio diretor, dois de seus oito longas-metragens ganham destaque: Dois Destinos e A Primeira Noite de Tranqüilidade. O tom das recordações, a diferenciação do uso da memória e o sentimento que é sempre um sentimento de morte que aparece muito mais como linguagem metafórica, ou corte para uma linguagem suplementar, outra margem a ser seguida regendo as ações dos personagens, que, desta maneira, constituem uma atmosfera existencialista, condizente com a época mas também com a herança cultural e religiosa de Zurlini. Uma proposta, portanto, de inserir a originalidade fílmica deste diretor e a sua relevância no cenário cinematográfico europeu. / This is an analysis of what we understand to be the main issue in Valerio Zurlini\'s cinema, the measure of silence, and how this is pontuacted in the form of pauses, ellipses and silences among the images. Trought the esthetic filter that the director himself provide to us two of his works come forward: Cronaca Familiare (1962) and La Prima Notte di Quiete (1972). The tone of reminiscence, the difference in the use of memory and emotion - that is presented as sense death as a metaphor, or juxtaposed to a supplementary language, yet another line to be pursuit - dictating the characters actions in a existentialist manner, in touch to his time but, also, with Zurlini\'s cultural and religious heritage. A proposal, therefore, to contextualise the original work and the importance of this film director inside the european cinematographic scene.

Writing is one of the four skills that students learning a foreign language are supposed to acquire, and writing often has an important role in the language classroom. Furthermore, in the field of cultural and arts education, a process-oriented approach is considered essential for learning. However, even though we see an increased interest in emphasizing the writing process, in reality, what is often commented, discussed and graded is the final outcome - the product. Consequently, features of the writing process, like fluency, revisions, and pauses, are not considered. This thesis explores what information about the writing process might add to the picture. In this manner, the current study investigates the writing process of advanced Swedish EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners through keystroke logging programme. With the increased use of word processing tools, and not least with the development of keystroke logging tools, we now have the possibility to take also the details of the writing process into account. As Spelman Miller and Sullivan (2006:1) point out, “[a]s an observational tool, keystroke logging offers the opportunity to capture details of the activity of writing, not only for the purposes of the linguistic, textual and cognitive study of writing, but also for the broader applications concerning the development of language learning, literacy, and language pedagogy”. In the present study, a keystroke logging programme named Inputlog has been used, which allows researchers to get a better understanding of writing processes as well as cognitive processes during writing (Lindgren & Sullivan, 2002).

The present study investigates communicative strategies used by a group of four upper-secondary L2 learners of English. To be able to reach this goal, I have recorded and transcribed a conversation between these students in order to detect natural communication. The communicative strategies I have looked for were: pauses and hesitations, questions, code-switching and message abandonment. Previous research on communicative strategies is divided into two different fields. These two approaches define and classify communication strategies as either interactional or psycholinguistic.  The definition and classification of communicate strategies depends viz. on what kind of approach is used.

This diploma thesis deals with pause identification with degraded speech signal. The speech characteristics and the conception of speech signal processing are described here. The work aim was to create the reliable recognizing method to establish speech and non-speech segments of speech signal with and without degraded speech signal. The five empty pause detectors were realized in computing environment MATLAB. There was the energetic detector in time domain, two-step detector in spectral domain, one-step integral detector, two-step integral detector and differential detector in cepstrum. The spectral detector makes use of energetic characteristics of speech signal in first step and statistic analysis in second step. Cepstral detectors make use of integral or differential algorithms. The detectors robustness was tested for different types of speech degradation and different values of Signal to Noise Ratio. The test of influence different speech degradation was conducted to compare non-speech detection for detectors by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) Curves.