The degree project aims to gain a deeper understanding of how pedagogues are working with pedagogical documentation, as well as the significance of reflection in the educational work with children.The survey was implemented on two Reggio Emilia-inspired preschools and is based on a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with open questions, where six pedagogues shared how they view the pedagogical documentation.The study is seen from an epistemological perspective. The results show that pedagogues place great emphasis on reflection as a tool for a visibility of children´s learning and development. Pedagogues respond to children´s questions with a question at issue to challenge the children to develop their own hypotheses for problem solving.Keywords, pedagogical documentation, reflection, learning process. / Examensarbetets syfte är att få en djupare förståelse hur pedagoger arbetar med pedagogisk dokumentation, samt vilken betydelse reflektionen har i det pedagogiska arbetet med barnen. Undersökningen har genomförts på två Reggio Emilia inspirerade förskolor. Studien byggs på en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade interjuver med öppna frågor, där sex pedagoger delgett hur de ser på pedagogisk dokumentation. Studien är sett utifrån ett kunskapsteoretiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna sätter stor vikt på reflektion som ett arbetsverktyg i dokumentationsarbetet. Pedagogerna svarar på barnens frågor med en frågeställning, för att utmana barnen till att utveckla egna hypoteser för problemlösning.

Study: Degree project in teacher education, Advanced Level 15p University of Skövde   Title: Using a blog as a tool for pedagogical documentation in interaction between two preschool teachers and parents.   Pages: 39   Authors: Beatrice Johansson and Ellinor Pettersson   Tutor: Urban Carlén   Date: HT 2013   Keywords: Pedagogical documentation, interaction, blog, communication.   The purpose of this study is to examine preschool teachers’ use of blogging as a tool for pedagogical documentation and the parents’ participation in the blog. The study examines the interaction between the preschool and the children’s homes as well as if the use of a blog contributes to a greater insight for parents in the pedagogical activities.In the latest curriculum, there have been a point of monitoring, evaluation and development, which seems to be a goal in the curriculum that creates uncertainty among the profession, how to configure them. Therefore, we felt that pedagogical documentation would be interesting to investigate. To examine documentation from a current perspective arose blog as a tool.   The study is qualitative and interviews were conducted, as well as snippets of preschool blogs. Two preschool teachers and eight parents were interviewed at two separate municipal preschools in a municipality in Skaraborg. Both preschools conduct their own blogs.   The result showed that a blog is a tool that contributes the parents a greater insight into the preschools pedagogical activities. The blog can be a tool for the preschool teachers to follow, document, evaluate and evolve their pedagogical operation. The results also showed that both the teachers and the parents felt that the blog contributed to more verbal communication about what is happening in the preschool.   In the discussion, the study's methods are discussed and how interview as a method has affected the result of the study. We also debate the study's credibility and how analyzing the interview has provided a greater understanding of the blog as a tool. Then the results are discussed in parity to the literature of the study and our own reflections and expreriences. We also discuss how the use of blogs can be integrated in the preschools approaches and contribute to make parents more involved in the pedagogical activites.

The main objective of this study was to find out what pedagogical documentation does and to get knowledge of what you may need to consider in order starting a process of change with a focus on pedagogical documentation. To get answers to my questions, the study is based on pedagogical theories from scientists and interviews with three preschool teachers who have different experience on documentation. My main questions were: What characterizes a pedagogical documentation? What tools / materials do I need to do a pedagogical documentation? What is important to consider when starting the process of change with pedagogical documentation? The result shows that pedagogical documentation is an approach that is based on that one is curious, interested, observant, listens, talking and researching with children and colleagues. You give the kids great participation which you can then pick up the children's learning processes and reveals that the business and the children develop according to curriculum objectives. Prior to this change you need to have an organization that ensures time for reflection with colleagues is for the work to develop further, and thereby become a pedagogical documentation. Each educator must demonstrate a shared interest and responsibility in which all knowledge is of value.

This study focused on understanding French language learning from a perspective that began from the participating children’s interests, experiences, and abilities. The study was significant in its use of a Reggio-inspired teaching philosophy and pedagogy in a French Immersion classroom (offering an alternative pedagogy to the more common transmission-oriented and skills-based models of language teaching). The research methodology embedded pedagogical documentation and classroom observation in an ethnographic research tradition. In the study, the teacher-researcher was positioned alongside children, as she learned about the ways in which they learn language through collaborative and authentic experiences, in a transactional setting. With an emphasis on the importance of meaningful learning, the study opens up new possibilities for French Immersion teachers and learners by examining the ways in which English scaffolds French learning, collaboration generates new understanding, and authentic experiences support engaged learning.

In the Swedish Curriculum (Lpfö 1998, revised 2010) it is directly stated that childrens learning should be documented, a tool for this is to document by a pedagogical documentation. Therefore it is of great importance for preschool teachers to relate to a pedagogical documentation, in any aspect of it. I have in this study done a research on how preschool teachers use pedagogical documentation as a tool, and what their opinions are of implementing pedagogical documentation in their daily practice. This study is based on a qualitative method and six low-structured interviews executed in three different preschools. I have also used Vygotskijs sociocultural perspective as a theory in this study. The results of the study show that preschool teachers are using pedagogical documentation as a tool in their practice. They have a positive attitude towards it, and one interesting fact is that all of the preschool teachers find pedagogical documentation important for a childs development and learning. The aim is to use pedagogical documentation more often and always put the child in focus, when an educational documentation is in its process. / I läroplanen för förskolan (Lpfö 1998, rev. 2010) står det klart och tydligt att barns lärande och utveckling bör dokumenteras, ett verktyg för att möjliggöra detta är att dokumentera med hjälp av pedagogisk dokumentation. Således är det av stor vikt att som förskollärare relatera till en pedagogisk dokumentation, utifrån varje aspekt av den. Jag har i denna studie gjort en undersökning kring hur förskollärare använder pedagogisk dokumentation som ett verktyg i deras vardagliga pedagogiska arbete, samt vilka åsikter pedagoger har när det gäller att implementera den pedagogiska dokumentationen som ett arbetsverktyg i praktiken. Denna studie är baserad på en kvalitativ metod och sex låg-strukturerade intervjuer utförda på tre olika förskolor. Jag har även som teoretisk utgångspunkt redogjort kring Vygotskijs sociokulturella perspektiv i denna studie. Resultatet i denna studie visar på att förskollärare använder pedagogisk dokumentation som ett verktyg i deras pedagogiska arbete. De har en positiv attityd, och ett intressant faktum är att alla förskollärare i denna studie finner pedagogisk dokumentation av stor vikt, vad gäller ett barns utveckling och lärande. Målet är att använda den pedagogiska dokumentationen oftare och alltid sätta barnet i fokus, när en pedagogisk dokumentation är i sin process.

Samtliga respondenter beskriver pedagogisk dokumentation som en möjlighet att få syn på barnens intressen och för att förbättra och vidareutveckla verksamheten. Pedagogisk dokumentation ses som en process som både vuxna och barn kan delta i. I denna process an-vänds dokumentationsmaterialet för reflektion och analys. Arbetssättet beskrivs även som en hjälp för pedagogerna att se sin egen roll i de pedagogiska processerna. Utvecklingssamtal, föräldramöten och var-dagliga samtal, exempelvis vid lämning och hämtning av barnen, upp-levs som bra tillfällen för att använda pedagogisk dokumentation. Det största hindret som förskollärarna beskriver är tidsbrist. Det kan ex-empelvis vara svårt att hinna ta hand om dokumentationsmaterialet och att avsätta tid för reflektion. En annan aspekt som framkommer är att det kan upplevas som svårt att arbeta med pedagogisk dokumenta-tion som en process där barnen är i centrum, samtidigt som det finns tydliga mål att följa, uppsatta med utgångspunkt från förskolans läro-plan. Förskollärarna är positiva till pedagogisk dokumentation som arbets-sätt. Erfarenhet av yrket poängteras som en fördel för att hinna med att dokumentera och se varje barns utveckling och lärande.

Förskolechefer i en svensk kommun skriver årligen kvalitetsrapporter som bl.a. utgör under­lag för återkoppling till överliggande nivå om det gångna årets lokala skolutveck­ling. I beskrivningarna av arbetet med pedagogisk dokumentation har variationer av be­skriv­ningarna pekat på angelägenheten av att analysera beskrivningarna med hjälp av några teoretiska utgångspunkter som pedagogisk dokumentation vilar på. Studiens syfte är att undersöka olika diskurser om lärande som framträder när förskole­chefer i kvalitetsrapporter beskriver arbetet med pedagogisk dokumentation. Frågeställ­ningarna är: Vilka diskurser om barns lärande framträder? Vilka diskurser om pedagogers lärande framträder? Vilka perspektiv på kvalitet synliggörs i de identifierade diskurserna? Vilka maktdimensioner kan urskiljas i de identifierade diskurserna? Kritisk diskursteori har använts som teoretisk utgångspunkt. I analysen har också diskursen om menings­skapande, diskursen om ett förutbestämt lärandeobjekt, perspektiv på demokrati och makt samt docu­men­tality använts som teoretiska utgångspunkter. De perspektiv på kvalitet som har använts är det relativa, det intersubjektiva och det marknadsanpassade. Fem förskolors kvalitets­rapporter har analyserats med Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys (CDA) som metod. Resultatet visar att de beskrivningar av barns lärande som finns i kvalitetsrapporterna håller sig inom diskursen om meningsskapande, dock olika starkt. Beskrivningarna av de vuxnas lärande rör sig däremot både inom diskursen om meningsskapande och diskursen om det förutbestämda lärandeobjektet. Diskursen om meningsskapande kan kopplas till det relativa eller det intersubjektiva perspektivet om kvalitet. Diskursen om det förutbestämda lärandeobjektet är kopplat till det marknadsanpassade perspektivet av kvalitet. I diskursen om meningsskapande synliggörs barnens makt över de vuxna och verksamheten, de vuxnas makt över dokumentet och politiken samt pedagogernas makt över pedagogisk dokumentation som verktyg. I diskursen om det förutbestämda lärandeobjektet synliggörs dokumentets och politikens makt över professionen. / Each year the principals of preschools in an unnamed Swedish municipality write quality reports about the past year´s local school development. The documents are read and analysed by different levels of the educational administration. In the descriptions of how the preschools work with pedagogical documentation, variations have been identified, which indicate the necessity of analysing the descriptions using some of the theoretical aspects of pedagogical documentation. The purpose of this thesis is to examine different discourses of learning that appear in the quality reports. Four research questions have been used: Which discourses of children´s learning can be identified? Which discourses of adults´ learning can be identified? Which perspectives of quality are visible in the identified discourses? What aspects of power can be distinguished in the identified discourses? Critical discourse theory has been used as theoretical framework, along with the discourse of meaning making, the discourse of predetermined learning, perspectives on democracy and power as well as documentality. The perspectives of quality that have been used are the relative, the intersubjective and the market-adapted perspectives. Five preschool quality reports have been analysed using Fairclough´s critical discourse analysis (CDA). The results show that the descriptions of children´s learning are within the discourse of meaning making, although more or less strongly. The descriptions of the adults´ learning are however both within the discourse of meaning making and the discourse of predetermined learning. The discourse of meaning making can be connected with the relative or intersubjective perspective of quality while the discourse of predetermined learning can be connected with the market-adapted perspective of quality. The following aspects of power are visible in the discourse of meaning making: children´s power over adults and the institution, the adults´ power over the document and the level of policy and finally, the teachers´ power over pedagogical documentation as a tool for school development. The power, which the document and the level of policy have over the teachers, is visible within the discourse of predetermined learning.

This study's main purpose is to examine the space children's spontaneous imaging gets in a preschool. I have chosen to focus on two preschool teachers views on their own approach to children's spontaneous imaging and what space they find that it gets in preschool. I have also investigated how this is documented in preschool. As a theoretical approach I adopt Lev S Vygotsky's socio-cultural theories of learning and development. In my essay, I also describe previous studies on children's imaging. I have collected the material through qualitative methods such as interviews of two preschool teachers and through six days of observation divided on two of the preschool departments. The result shows that preschool teachers adult-driven approach characterizes the creative climate of the nursery, which is not particularly allowing in practice, but allowing in theory and preschool teachers thoughts. The preschool teachers approach is significant for how well the child's spontaneous creation capability will be developed or inhibited. Children can come to have a view of his own creation as something insignificant and without meaning if it never followed up in the form of pedagogical documentation or attention. The results also show that children's spontaneous imaging don´t get space in the form of schedule, this is because preschool teachers have a view on the activity as a pastime rather than an educational activity with a clear goal or purpose.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight three preschool teachers and three child nurses’ views on the educational work tool pedagogical documentation and Reggio Emilia educational philosophy, often associated with pedagogical documentation. Preschool teachers and child nurses’ are all employees under the same pre-school director, and works on three preschools located in the same area. The purpose of the selection of respondents is based on highlighting how far the staff describes the concept of educational documentation, and pedagogy of Reggio Emilia, and how far their statements are consistent with each other or not. Questions: The thesis is based on three questions; How does preschool teachers and child nurses’ describe pedagogical documentation? How does preschool teachers and child nurses’ describe the Reggio Emilia pedagogical philosophy? If there are differences between the preschool teachers and child nurses’, what could these mean for the pedagogical documentation in preschool? Method: The study is based on empirical data collected through qualitative interviews. The empirical material is based on six qualitative interviews with three preschool teachers and three child nurses’, who are in an organization which is inspired by Reggio Emilia. Main theoretical approach: The essay consists of three main theories, Piaget, Dewey and Vygotsky. The theories are the basis of the analysis, together with previous research and the six qualitative interviews that are conducted in the context of the essay. Result: The study's results and answers to the questions are presented in the final discussion. Our results demonstrate the difference between preschool teachers and child nurses' perception of what pedagogical documentation means for business, children and staff, and the Reggio Emilia educational philosophy.

Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap om barns inflytande i förskolan utifrån förskollärarens perspektiv. Jag strävar efter att göra detta genom två frågeställningar: Vad innebär inflytande för förskollärare? Och, hur anser förskollärare att de skapar möjligheter för barns inflytande? För att besvara frågeställningarna skickades fyra frågeformulär ut och fyra telefonintervjuer genomfördes, samtliga riktade mot förskollärare. Materialet transkriberades sedan för att sammanställas. Studiens resultat visar att barn får inflytande i olika utsträckning beroende på situation och förutsättningar. Samtliga förskollärare strävar efter att barn ska få inflytande men det framgår även att verksamhetens rutiner, förskollärares förhållningssätt och barns åldrar kan vara hinder för detta. Den slutsats jag dragit av min studie är att samtliga förskollärare arbetar för att ge barn inflytande utifrån de förutsättningar som finns i verksamheten. Förskollärarna är medvetna om de hinder som finns och det framgår genom min studie att de använder olika arbetssätt för att försöka kringgå dessa. / The study aims to contribute knowledge about children's influence in preschool from preschool teacher’s perspective. I aim to do this through two issues: What does influence mean to preschool teachers? And, how do preschool teachers consider themselves creating opportunities for children's influence? In order to examine the issues, four questionnaires were sent out and four telephone interviews were conducted, all directed to preschool teachers. The material was then transcribed to be summarized. The results show that children receive influence in varying degrees depending on the situation and circumstances. All preschool teachers strive for children to have influence, but it is apparent that the preschool practices, preschool teachers' attitudes and children's ages may be obstacles. The conclusion I drew from my study is that all preschool teachers work to give children influence on the conditions that exist in the preschool. The preschool teachers are aware of the obstacles and I reveal through my study that they use different approaches to try to circumvent them.