Magistro darbe “Vyrai ir vyriškumas baruose: Šiaulių miegamojo rajono baro atvejis” nagrinėjama baro erdvės įtaka vyriškumo konstravimui. Baras traktuojamas kaip laisva erdvė, reiškinys aprėpiantis alkoholinių gėrimų vartojimą, vyrų socialinius santykius, čia vykstančias praktikas ir disciplinas. Į vyriškumą žiūrint kaip į performansą (performance) bus siekiama suprasti, kaip jis konstruoja baro erdvę, o tuo pačiu suprasti, kaip pati baro erdvė kuria vyriškumą. Tikslas: parodyti, kaip baro erdvė konstruoja specifinį vyriškumą, ir kaip pats vyriškumas, per bare vykstančias disciplinas, alkoholio vartojimo, socialines, kūno praktikas, konstruoja baro erdvę. Darbą sudaro trys dalys – teorinė, metodologinė ir tiriamoji. Teorinėje darbo dalyje aptariamas darbo temos ištirtumas, išskiriami galimi vyriškumo tipai, vyriškumo santykis su M. Foucault diskurso bei biogalios interpretacijomis ir J. Butler išskirtu performansu, taip pat aptariama vyriškumo posovietinėje erdvėje raiška. Metodologinėje – antrojoje - darbo dalyje pristatomas tyrimo laukas, tyrėjo vieta tyrimo lauke, išskiriamos problemos su kuriomis susidurta lauko tyrimo metu. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje pateikiamos bare besilankančių vyrų patirtys, pastebėjimai apie baro gyvenimą, politines, ekonomines realijas, vyriškumą, išgyvenimai, prisiminimai, mintys apie ateitį. Remiantis M. Foucault galios samprata siekiama parodyti, kaip baro erdvėje veikiančios disciplinos formuoja vyriškumo performansus bare, siekiama suprasti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The influence of bar space on the construction of masculinity is analyzed in the thesis men and masculinity: the case of Šiauliai dormitory area bar. Bar is treated as free space, and phenomenon that covers the consumption of alcoholic beverages, men’s social relations, practices and disciplines. Considering masculinity as performance, the thesis will seek to reveal how it constructs bar space, and how bar space establishes masculinity. The aim of work is to reveal how bar space constructs masculinity, and how masculinity constructs bar space through the consumption of alcohol, social and body practices. The thesis consists of three parts – theoretical, methodological, and the investigation is carried out. In the theoretical part the exploration of the work is discussed, and types of masculinity are enumerated. Moreover, the relation between masculinity and Michel Foucault’s discourse, and biopower interpretations, and Judith Butler’s distinguished performance is also discussed. The expression of masculinity in the framework of post-Soviet space is presented. The methodological part of the thesis presents the study field, and the place of the researcher in the study field. The encountered problems during the research are also distinguished. The third part of the work presents men’s experiences, observations related with bar life, political and economic realities, masculinity, experiences, memories, and thoughts about the future. Following... [to full text]

Both alcohol and sleepiness are known to be major contnbutors to road traffic accidents m the UK. There has been much debate on whether the current legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for driving (008%) should be lowered to 005%, like several other countries in the European Union. The present limit may be sabsfactory when a driver IS fully alert, however the pressures of today's society mean that an mcreasmg number of people may be sleep deprived. The consequences of a sleepy person drivmg after drinking a current legally acceptable amount of alcohol have not been fully investigated. An initial literature review idenbfied specific areas that needed to be investigated throughout this programme of work The research took the form of a "hfelike" scenario, with only moderate sleep restnction (5h in bed at night) and moderate alcohol consumpbOn, producmg BACs of approximately half the UK legal driving limit The drive, on a Simulated dual carriageway, lasted for 2h and was very monotonous The research programme was split into four main areas (i) young men (the most at risk group of drivers for sleep related crashes) driving in the afternoon (a time when the number of sleep related crashes are known to increase), under a 2 x 2 experimental deSIgn, With and without alcohol at lunch-time and with and without the prior night's sleep restncted to 5h, (u) an identical gender comparison usmg young women, (hi) a time-of-day companson using young men, but with the drive and alcohol consumption takmg place m the early evening (a bme of day when we are naturally more alert); (iv) a near-zero BAC, when young men have the same alcohol intake as in (I) but earlier, such that their BACs have reduced to nearly zero before startIng the afternoon drive. Dunng the afternoon circadian trough the driving performance of both men and women is severely impaired when moderate sleep restriction and alcohol consumption are combined Of particular concern, is that men seem to be unable to perceive this greater impairment Women generally appear to have better perception of alcohol impairment, even without sleep loss. Unlike men, women's driving is less impaired by modest amounts of alcohol when they are alert, which seems to be because they know their performance IS affected and thus apply more compensatory effort. On the other hand, their rrnpamnent after alcohol when combmed WIth sleep loss is well in excess of any compensatory effort. Trrne of day also affects imp3lrment after alcohol and/or sleep loss. Driving performance IS generally better during the early evening holtrS, when we are nat\lfally more alert, compared with the afternoon, and for all conditions. Moderate alcohol intake does not impair drivmg performance during the early evening, unlike during the afternoon. However, if combined with sleepiness, mcreased driving impamnent does become apparent during the early evening, although, not to the extent that it does durmg the afternoon. BACs are not a good indicator of alcohol-related driving impairment, especially when combmed with sleepiness. During the afternoon, even when BACs fall almost to zero at the start of a drive, sleepy drivers are still more impaired for the first hour of the drive if they have consumed this modest amount of alcohol at lunchtime An unexpected rebound improvement m dnvmg performance is seen ID the second hour of the drive In non-sleep deprived, alert drivers, these same near zero BAC levels did not affect driving performance or significantly increase subjective sleepiness. Overall the results indicate that, combined WIth modest sleepiness, the current legal dnnk drive limtt (008%) is too htglt Thts outcome supports recent and extensIve findmgs WIth fatal and senous road crashes in France (Philip et al., 2001). During the afternoon, a time of day when people are nat\lfally less alert BACs of less than half this UK limit will impair driving even in non-sleep depnved people If drivers are also sleepy, this combmation produces dangerous levels of Impairment durmg the afternoon; the combination also leads to impairment (but to a lesser extent) in the early evening The research was carried out with only moderate levels of sleepiness and alcohol consumptIon, It is fair to conclude that driving impairment would be greater if the sleep loss was greater and/or BACs were htgher, but just under the legal liemt Greater public awareness is required on the knowledge that driving after consuming any alcohol when tired or sleepy is extremely dangerous.

En France, le secteur du bâtiment est le principal consommateur d'énergie. En outre, le secteur de la maison individuelle représente environ 60% des constructions annuelles de logements. La construction des bâtiments à haute efficacité énergétique représente un grand pas vers l'économie d'énergie. Cependant, même si divers efforts sont déployés dans ce domaine, des outils et des méthodes manquent pour évaluer la performance énergétique de ces bâtiments. Cette évaluation doit permettre non seulement de comprendre les facteurs qui contribuent à cette performance mais également d'identifier les causes de la surconsommation, d’inconfort pour les occupants.Cette thèse vise à contribuer à cet objectif en proposant une approche d'évaluation de la performance énergétique d'un bâtiment. Pour cela on compare la performance réelle et la performance attendue en utilisant le monitoring et la simulation thermique dynamique. Cette approche s’appuie sur différents cas d’études dont principalement une maison individuelle, situé en un climat méditerranéen.Dans un premier temps, en phase de conception, nous utilisons des simulations thermiques dynamiques pour étudier l’impact du comportement sur les besoins énergétiques. L'objectif est d'analyser l'influence du scénario d'occupation sur le comportement du bâtiment et d'établir une plage de valeurs pour les besoins en énergie, basée sur des statistiques nationales. Le comportement du bâtiment est étudié en fonction de différents types de scénarii d'occupation, de consignes de température, de l'utilisation d’appareils domestiques et l'éclairage.Dans un second temps, l'accent est mis sur l'évaluation globale de la performance de l'enveloppe. Un test dynamique in situ innovant a été développé pour en évaluer la performance réelle. Ce test est applicable sur une période courte (de l’ordre de la journée) tout en maitrisant les débits d’infiltrations. La comparaison des résultats théoriques en régime stationnaire avec les résultats expérimentaux montre une bonne précision inférieure à 10%.Enfin, le suivi énergétique en continu des maisons performantes est étudié. Tout d’abord, des travaux sont réalisés dans l’optique de réduire le nombre de capteurs nécessaires au suivi, tout en minimisant la perte d’informations. Ensuite, une méthodologie d’instrumentation est développée et appliquée à une maison individuelle. Le suivi de cette maison a pu être étudié sur les six premiers mois de monitoring et a permis d’expliquer le comportement du bâtiment et ses consommations au regard de son usage et de faire le lien avec les prévisions faites en phase de conception. / In France, the building sector is the main energy consumer. Moreover single-family houses represent about 60% of annual dwelling construction. The construction of energy efficient buildings represents a big step into energy saving. However, even though various efforts are made within this field, there is still a lack of methodologies about how to evaluate the energy performance of these buildings. The performance evaluation of an energy efficient building should allow understanding factors that contribute to its energy performance and as well as identifying the causes of overconsumption, poor indoor conditions.This thesis seeks to contribute to this field, by proposing an approach towards evaluating the energy performance of a house. This is done by comparing the real performance and the expected performance, using monitoring and building performance simulation, from design to operational phases. The energy performance evaluation approach is carried out on different cases of studies, mainly on a single-family house, situated in a Mediterranean climate.First, in the design phase, we use building performance simulation models to study the dispersions in energy use related to occupant’s behavior. The goal is to analyze the influence of the occupancy scenario on the behavior of the building and to establish a range of values for energy demand, based on national statistics. This step study the building’s behavior based on different types of occupancy scenarios, appliances and lighting use and temperature set point.Then, the focus is on the global evaluation of the envelope’s performance. Within the present thesis an innovative in-situ dynamic test is developed to assess the real envelope’s performance. This test is adapted to occupied houses (as it only takes 2 days) while controlling the infiltration air flow. The comparison between theoretical results of steady state calculation and experimental results show a good precision of less than 10%.Finally, continuous monitoring of energy efficient houses is studied. First, a work is done to reduce the number of sensors required for monitoring, while minimizing the loss of information. Then, an instrumentation methodology is developed and applied to a single-family house. The follow-up of this house could be studied during the first six months of monitoring and allowed to explain the behavior of the building and its consumption with regard to its use and to make the link with the previsions made during the design phase.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement d’une technologie Pb-acide de type AGM, avec une conception innovante reposant sur des collecteurs de courant constitués de feuille/grille de titane (électrode positive) et de carbone flexible (électrode négative) couverts d’une couche mince de matériaux actifs. Cette nouvelle approche permet d’augmenter la densité d’énergie et la puissance spécifique de la batterie sans pénaliser sa cyclabilité et sa durée de vie. Des paramètres tels que la résistance électrique et l’utilisation de la matière active ont été évalués avec succès en laboratoire (cyclage profond, cyclage partiel, voltampérométrie cyclique et spectroscopie d’impédance). Ceci en utilisant des cellules plomb-acide et plomb-carbone-acide de petites tailles compressées avec des séparateurs poreux en fibre de verre (AGM). L’épaisseur, la porosité et la quantité d’expandeur sont les paramètres clefs influençant l’évolution de l’utilisation de la matière active négative. Le processus réversible de stockage d’hydrogène à l’intérieur du carbone activé, utilisé comme additif principal dans la plaque négative, est en compétition avec le système Pb/PbSO4 et inhibe son fonctionnement pour une fraction massique supérieure à 9,3 %m. L’utilisation de titane recouvert de SnO2 comme collecteur de courant élimine l’apparition de la corrosion responsable de la défaillance de la cellule. Des modèles multiphysiques basés sur ces données permettront de déterminer la géométrie optimale correspondante à chaque type d’application (énergie, puissance). / The aim of this work is to present and proof new concept of high performance lead-acid cells using new thin-plate electrodes. The new approach allows increasing the energy density and the specific power of the battery without a penalty for its cycle and calendar lifetime. Flexible carbon support electroplated with lead and thin surface-modified titanium mesh/foil are used as current collectors. Parameters like electric resistance and active materials utilization have been evaluated successfully in long-term laboratory tests (deep-cycling, micro-cycling, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy) using small-scale compressed lead-acid and lead-carbon cells with absorptive glass mat (AGM) separators. The thickness, the porosity and the expander loading are the key parameters which influence the evolution of the negative active material utilization. It has been found that the process of reversible hydrogen storage within the activated carbon used as main dopant of the negative plate competes with the Pb/PbSO4 electrode inhibiting its operation at carbon loading higher than 9.3 %m. The use of SnO2 coated titanium as positive current collector eliminates completely the appearance of corrosion-related battery failure. Multiphysics modeling based on these data will allow fitting to all the battery applications (power, energy).

Submitted by Diana Alves (ppgdancaufba.adm@gmail.com) on 2013-01-16T12:37:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Laura Pacheco.pdf: 2871820 bytes, checksum: 31c50e2ebf7875824f55e920fa671df9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-16T12:37:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laura Pacheco.pdf: 2871820 bytes, checksum: 31c50e2ebf7875824f55e920fa671df9 (MD5) / CAPES / Este trabalho investiga o campo de enunciação da dança contaminado à performance e às artes visuais, por meio de estratégias artísticas compositivas híbridas que enunciam imagens e discursos do corpo. Pelo conceito do fazer-dizer do corpo – ideia associada à performatividade em dança (SETENTA, 2008) – propõe-se que o campo ampliado da dança produz um discurso próprio – um discurso do corpo. Trabalha-se com a ideia da imagem do corpo enquanto ação (MACHADO, 2007), considerando que o discurso do corpo enuncia imagens em ações, ideias e pensamentos num fazer artístico performativo. Sob o contexto da tradução cultural (BHABHA, 2007) – processo comunicacional performativo – observa-se como a ação artística contemporânea é capaz de subverter estratégias artísticas compositivas tradicionais e inaugurar outras, à medida que se interessa na ressignifição de imagens e discursos do corpo. Para análise, foram selecionadas obras artísticas que estabelecem um diálogo entre a contemporaneidade e a tradição flamenca, situadas entre a dança, a performance e as artes visuais. São elas: ―Solo‖, de Israel Galván (Espanha), ―Non‖, de Yalda Younes (Líbano) e ―Prohibido el cante‖ e ―Dancing Dolls‖, de Pilar Albarracín (Espanha). Paralelamente, foi desenvolvido o espetáculo Desplante, como um campo de experimentação das questões teóricas levantadas no que diz respeito ao deslocamento da tradição flamenca num diálogo com a arte contemporânea. / Programa de Pós Graduação em Dança- Escola de Dança

FARIAS, Victor Aguiar Evangelista de. Uma Abordagem para a Modelagem de Desempenho e de Elasticidade para Bancos de Dados em Nuvem. 2016. 73 f. Dissertação (mestrado em computação)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2016. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T18:48:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_vaefarias.pdf: 2901674 bytes, checksum: 2defc02493d2e15c69317aca46126bb3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-04-25T12:33:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_vaefarias.pdf: 2901674 bytes, checksum: 2defc02493d2e15c69317aca46126bb3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T12:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_vaefarias.pdf: 2901674 bytes, checksum: 2defc02493d2e15c69317aca46126bb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Cloud computing is a successful, emerging paradigm that supports on-demand services. With the exponential growth of data generated by present applications, NoSQL databases which are inherently distributed systems have been used to manage data in the cloud. In this scenario, it is fundamental for cloud providers to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) by satisfying tho Service Level Agreement (SLA) contract while reducing the operational costs related to both overprovisioning and underprovisioning. Thus QoS mechanisms can greatly benefit from a predictive model that estimates SLA-based performance metrics for a given cluster and workload configuration. Therewith, elastic provisioning strategies can benefit from these predictive models to provide a reliable mechanism to add and remove resources reliably. In this work, we present a generic performance modeling for NoSQL databases in terms of SLA-based metrics capable of capturing non-linear effects caused by concurrency and distribution aspects. Moreover we present a elastic provisioning mechanism based on performance models. Results of experimental evaluation confirm that our performance modeling can accurately estimate the performance under a wide range of workload configurations and also that our elastic provisioning approach can ensure QoS while using resources efficiently. / A computação em nuvem é um paradigma de computação emergente e bem sucedido que oferece serviços por demanda. Com o crescimento exponencial da quantidade de dados utilizados pelas aplicações atuais, os bancos de dados NoSQL, que são sistemas inerentemente distribuídos, têm sido usados para gerenciar dados na Nuvem. Nesse cenário, é fundamental que os provedores de serviços em nuvem garantam a Qualidade de Serviço (QoS) por meio do cumprimento do contrato Service Level Agreement (SLA) enquanto reduz os custos operacionais relacionados a overprovisioning e underprovisioning. Mecanismos de QoS podem se beneficiar fortemente de modelos de desempenho preditivos que estimam o desempenho para uma dada configuração do sistema NoSQL e da carga de trabalho. Com isso, estratégias de elasticidade podem aproveitar esses modelos preditivos para fornecer meios de adicionar e remover recursos computacionais de forma mais confiável. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para modelagem de desempenho genérica para banco de dados NoSQL em termos de métricas de desempenho baseadas no SLA capaz de capturar o efeitos não-lineares causados pelo aspectos de concorrência e distribuição. Adicionalmente, é apresentado um mecanismo de elasticidade para adicionar e remover nós sistema NoSQL baseado em modelos de desempenho. Resultados de avaliação experimental confirmam que a modelagem de desempenho estima as métricas de forma acurada para vários cenários de carga de trabalho e configurações do sistema. Por fim, a nossa estratégia de elasticidade é capaz de garantir a QoS enquanto utiliza os recursos de forma eficiente.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmarioRB.pdf: 219927 bytes, checksum: d54da309fb4e81072769d636df525c12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-15 / The kinanthropometric characteristics are used by the sports science as selection criteria and detection of talents. Hence, this study aimed at comparing the anthropometrical profile, the body composition, the somatotype and the vertical jumps of the beach volleyball players. This study consists of 79 male beach volleyball players, being forty nine (n=49) Brazilian participants of the National Circuit and thirty (n=30) of 15 countries participating in the XV Pan American Games. In order to analyze the vertical jumps of the Brazilian the participants were allocated into two groups (G1 and G2) in agreement with the national ranking of their teams. The vertical jump protocol developed by Smith and collaborators was used to evaluate the vertical jumps of spike and block. The Heath-Carter anthropometrical technique (1990) was used for calculating the somatotype. The Student s t test with the Bonferroni adjustment was used to calculate the differences among the investigated variables. The multiple regression analysis was used to identify the contributions of the anthropometrical variables in the performance of the vertical jumps and the multivariance analysis was used to calculate the differences among the components of the somatotype. The Brazilian athletes of G1 were better than G2 in the spike jump (p <0.01), block jump (p <0.01) and in the block difference (p <0.01). The prediction model of the spike jump of G2 included the body mass and standing spike reach (adjusted R2 = 0.77), the body mass and the standing block reach were also included in the model of the block jump (adjusted R2 = 0.73). The regression model of G1 was not statistically significant. As for the somatotype, statistically significant differences were found between the Brazilians and the Pan Americans (Wilks' lambda = 0.498; p <0.05). The Brazilian somatotype was classified as balanced mesomorph (2.7-4.3-3.0) and the Pan American somatotype as endomorphic mesomorph (3.5-4.6-2.4). As to the specific position of the block game (2.8-4.3-2.9) and the defense game (2.6-4.4-3.0), the Brazilian somatotype was classified as balanced mesomorph and the Pan American somatotype, the block (3.7-4.4-2.4) and the defense (3.4-4.9-2.3), was classified as endomorphic mesomorph. In conclusion, the vertical jump height (spike and block) influences the male Brazilian beach volleyball players performance. The physical type of the Brazilian blockers and defenders was similar with relationship to the somatotype. The Brazilian and Pan American beach volleyball players differ in terms of kinanthropometric characteristics. This work had a multidisciplinary feature with the participation of several departments and laboratories, like the Physiotherapy Department, the Nutrition Department, the Physical Education Laboratory, thus corroborating the multidisciplinary research feature / As caracter?sticas cineantropom?tricas s?o utilizadas pela ci?ncia do esporte como crit?rios de sele??o e detec??o de talentos. Dentro deste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o perfil antropom?trico, a composi??o corporal, o somatotipo e os saltos verticais de atletas de voleibol de praia. Participaram do presente estudo 79 atletas de voleibol de praia masculino, sendo quarenta e nove (n=49) brasileiros participantes do Circuito Nacional e trinta (n=30) de 15 pa?ses participantes dos XV Jogos Pan Americanos. Para analisar os saltos verticais dos brasileiros os sujeitos foram alocados em dois grupos (G1 e G2) de acordo com o ranking nacional dos seus times. Utilizou-se o protocolo de saltos verticais de Smith e colaboradores, para avaliar os saltos verticais de ataque e bloqueio. A t?cnica antropom?trica de Heath e Carter (1990) foi utilizada para o c?lculo do somatotipo. Teste t de Student com ajuste de Bonferroni foi utilizado para calcular diferen?as entre as vari?veis investigadas. A an?lise de regress?o m?ltipla foi utilizado para identificar as contribui??es das vari?veis antropom?tricas na performance dos saltos verticais e a an?lise multivariada de vari?ncia foi utilizada para calcular diferen?as entre os componentes do somatotipo. Os atletas brasileiros de G1 foram maiores no salto de ataque (p<0,01), salto de bloqueio (p<0,01) e na diferen?a de bloqueio (p<0,01) do que G2. O modelo de predi??o do salto de ataque de G2 incluiu a massa do corpo e a envergadura de ataque (R2 ajustado= 0,77) e tamb?m no modelo do salto de bloqueio foi inclu?do a massa do corpo e a envergadura de bloqueio (R2 ajustado= 0,73). O modelo de regress?o do G1 n?o foi estatisticamente significante. Quanto ao somatotipo foram encontradas diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre brasileiros e pan americanos (Wilks lambda= 0,498; p<0,05). O somatotipo dos brasileiros foi classificado como mesomorfo balanceado (2,7-4,3-3,0) e o dos Pan Americanos como mesomorfo endom?rfico (3,5-4,6-2,4). Quanto ? posi??o espec?fica de jogo de bloqueio (2,8-4,3-2,9) e de defensa (2,6-4,4-3,0) o somatotipo dos brasileiros foi classificado como mesomorfo balanceado e o dos pan americanos de bloqueio (3,7-4,4-2,4) e defesa (3,4-4,9-2,3) foi classificado como mesomorfo endom?rfico. Em conclus?o, a altura do salto vertical (ataque e bloqueio) influencia a performance de atletas de voleibol de praia masculino brasileiros. O tipo f?sico dos bloqueadores e defensores brasileiros foi similar quanto ao somatotipo. Os atletas brasileiros e pan americanos de voleibol de praia se diferenciam quanto ?s caracter?sticas cineantropom?tricas. O trabalho teve um car?ter multidisciplinar com a participa??o de v?rios departamentos e laborat?rios, como o Departamento de Fisioterapia, Departamento de Nutri??o, Laborat?rio de Educa??o F?sica, atestando-se o car?ter multidisciplinar da pesquisa

Submitted by Maria José Rodrigues Paiva (mjpaiva.ufpb@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T18:37:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivo total.pdf: 1134226 bytes, checksum: 6dce71e83a106c3311c08874d66e92e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T18:37:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivo total.pdf: 1134226 bytes, checksum: 6dce71e83a106c3311c08874d66e92e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / The research for this work has remained guided by the need to develop a critical method of analysis for the collective performances, starting from a conception of language as a form of action in a specific social context. And is the search for a reflection on social interaction through the collective voices that this perspective is in Paul Zumthor and John Austin main theoretical orientation for analysis. Empirically, the approach is focused on observation of the voices that enunciate the popular religious song called Bendito. To start working hypothesis as to admit that this song and the mythic narrative had a "social-political function", given the organizational need of a people, a culture. The corpus used was constituted of field research and documentary research conducted in Brazil and Portugal. The route followed in the polls was both linguistics and anthropology at a philosophical sense: descriptive and interpretive. The data was gathered between the period October 2005 to August 2009. Referring to the performance and looking at the collections, you can say that the Bendito show within the society in which the character taking part mythic-poetic in terms of acting collectively. The results show that in situations of performance singing is a linguistic tool, designed and sought insofar as social agents put into practice his imaginary values, beliefs and interests. The survey also shows that the field of world popular religious criteria are given, not subject to a decision either institutionalized individual, but due to a shared memory, reworked, and re-signified in a constant process movence and nomadism. With the hymn to perform many different tasks, including disciplinary action (meaning of the narratives are examples). The bendito is a kind of language that is manifested in two ways: in the first dimension addresses the sacred goal of expressive clausal and second, addresses the very group: means of communication and interaction, which embeds in the narrative values, ideology and identities; processes significant to the political and social organization. Singing in a ritual performance, and interactively, is therefore an activity contextualized, situated at some point in some space, inserted in any event social, political and cultural. While action, the utterance of the blessed, in view of the interaction can be understood as a cooperative activity. An activity in which two or more persons act together for the production and interpretation of meaning (what is being stated), an intention (of what is being said in terms of mystery, referring to the sacred and political, with social references). Hence the practice of singing is in the reception. So how in this field is the justification? How to select the subjects to information from the message, the choice of the order of what they say in ritual status, adjustment of performance to the degree of formality they deserve? Who is the interpreter and how to evaluate it in relation to the listener? The notion of performance coined by Zumthor is central to the arguments outlined here, since it is constitutive of vocal production: possible mode of development and socialization of "texts". Establishing a dialogue with the end of the philosopher John L. Austin (1990), coined the theory of speech acts, the idea of "performance" allowed here assumes that the mean really "do". With the voice attitudes are built from statements. Thinking about this idea, I focussed beyond the capture and recording of "made", but the analysis of "how to do what you do", ie, the multidimensionality of the performative. The classic formulation of Austin and delineation proposed by Zumthor allowed me to formulate an idea in a place full of meanings and significances of the interaction: in addition to verbal interactions face to face interactions are the broader social, interactional process that language as media goes to the purely personal, beyond the psychological concept of self, and turns to the collective mechanisms of formation and determination of human behavior that are based on the material and ideological conditions of life in society. / A pesquisa realizada para este trabalho se manteve orientada pela necessidade de desenvolver um método crítico de análise para as performances coletivas, partindo de uma concepção de linguagem como forma de ação em um contexto social específico. E, é na busca por uma reflexão sobre a interação social através das vozes coletivas que tal perspectiva encontra em Paul Zumthor e John Austin principal orientação teórica para análise. Empiricamente a abordagem está centrada na observação das vozes que enunciam o canto popular religioso denominado Bendito. Para começo de trabalho admiti como hipótese que tal canto assim como a narrativa mítica possuía uma “função político-social”, dada pela necessidade organizacional de um povo, de uma cultura. O corpus utilizado se constituiu de pesquisa de campo e pesquisa documental realizadas no Brasil e em Portugal. O percurso seguido nas pesquisas foi simultaneamente lingüístico e antropológico, em sentido filosófico: descritivo e interpretativo. As recolhas foram realizadas entre o período de outubro de 2005 a agosto de 2009. Referente à performance e observando as recolhas, é possível afirmar que os benditos revelam dentro da sociedade em que tomam parte o caráter mítico-poético, no plano do agir coletivamente. Os resultados revelam que em situação de performance o canto é uma ferramenta lingüística, concebida e procurada na medida em que os agentes sociais põem em prática seu imaginário: valores, crenças e interesses. A pesquisa também revela que no campo das cosmovisões da religiosidade popular os critérios são dados, não dependendo de uma decisão institucionalizada tampouco individual, mas decorrente de uma memória partilhada, reelaborada, e, resignificada num constante processo de movência e nomadismo. Com o canto religioso se realizam muitas tarefas diferentes, inclusive disciplinares (no plano da significação as narrativas são exemplares). O bendito é um tipo de linguagem que se manifesta de duas formas: na primeira dimensão se dirige ao sagrado, com objetivo expressivo oracional; na segunda, se dirige ao próprio grupo: meio de comunicação e interação, que na narrativa embute valores, ideologia e identidades; processos significantes para a organização político-social. Cantar, em uma performance ritual, e de forma interativa, é, pois, uma atividade contextualizada; situada em algum momento, em algum espaço, inserida em algum evento sócio-político-cultural. Enquanto ação, a enunciação dos benditos, na perspectiva da interação, pode ser entendida como uma atividade cooperativa. Uma atividade em que dois ou mais sujeitos agem conjuntamente para produção e interpretação de um sentido (o que está sendo enunciado), de uma intenção (do que está sendo dito no plano do mistério, em referencia ao sagrado, e no plano político, com referencia social). Daí que a prática do canto ocorre no campo da recepção. Então como, neste campo, ocorre a justificação? Como os sujeitos selecionam as informações veiculadas na mensagem, a escolha da ordem do que dizem em situação ritual, o ajuste da performance com o grau de formalidade que ela merece? Quem é o interprete e como avaliá-lo em relação ao seu ouvinte? A noção de performance cunhada por Zumthor é central para a argumentação aqui exposta, já que é constitutiva da produção do vocal: modo possível da realização e socialização de "textos". Estabelecendo um diálogo com o termo do filosofo John L. Austin (1990), cunhado na teoria dos atos de fala, a idéia de "performance" aqui admitida parte do pressuposto de que o dizer realmente "faz". Com a voz se constroem atitudes a partir de enunciados. Foi pensando nessa idéia, que me centrei para além da captação e registro do "que se faz", mas na análise de "como se faz o que se faz", ou seja, na multidimensionalidade do performativo. A clássica formulação de Austin e a delineação proposta por Zumthor me permitiram formular uma idéia sobre um território pleno de sentidos e significações da interação: para além das interações verbais face a face estão as interações sociais mais amplas; nesse processo interacionista a linguagem como comunicação social ultrapassa o âmbito meramente pessoal, ultrapassa o conceito psicológico de sujeito, e volta-se para os mecanismos coletivos de constituição e determinação das condutas humanas, que estão baseadas nas condições materiais e ideológicas de vida em sociedade.

The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between academic achievement and home factors in third grade students attending urban and rural schools in Guatemala. The sample consisted of 4,952 students selected at random (52% males and 48% females). Mathematics and reading tests were administered to the students and other associated factors were obtained through a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using two statistical approaches: multiple regression and analysis of multiple correspondence. Results showed that an important percentage of the variance in reading achievement is explained by the variables related to home environment. The rest is probably related to factors associated to the teacher or school per se or by individual characteristics of the students that were not possible to measure. / La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo examinar la relación que existe entre el rendimiento escolar y los factores asociados al hogar de alumnos de tercer grado de primaria que asisten a escuelas primarias localizadas en áreas urbanas y rurales de Guatemala. Se tomó al azar una muestra de 4,952 estudiantes (52% niños y 48% niñas) de tercer grado a nivel nacional. Se aplicaron pruebas de lectura y matemática y se obtuvo información de los factores asociados al rendimiento. Se analizaron los datos mediante dos técnicas estadísticas: análisis de regresión múltiple y análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que un porcentaje importante de la varianza en el rendimiento, especialmente en lectura, se explica  por ciertas variables relacionadas con el entorno del hogar. El resto, probablemente, se podría explicar por factores relacionados con el docente y con la escuela en sí, o por características individuales de los alumnos, que no pudieron ser medidos.

Les environnements mixtes sont des dispositifs, des mises en scène, des installations, hybridant tangible et numérique, espace physique et espace informationnel ou fictionnel. Ces environnements permettent à leurs expérimentateurs d’être simultanément ici et maintenant et liés à un ailleurs ou une autre temporalité. Ils peuvent emprunter à la magie du spectacle autant qu’aux technologies de l’ingénieur. Ils rejoignent la performance lorsqu’ils permettent de créer ou de donner accès à d’autres mondes. Ces mondes peuvent être des plateformes 3D ou des fictions. Les environnements mixtes relèvent d’enjeux moins spectaculaires que performatifs, fictionnels et plastiques. Les dimensions techniques, qu’il s’agisse de technologies numériques, de mise en forme cérémonielle ou scénographique, rejoignent les enjeux plastiques. Faire performance dans de tels environnements, c’est rechercher, permettre ou provoquer des états de corps conjoncturels, relatifs au contexte spécifique d’une démonstration. Cette thèse a également pour objet de rendre compte, en dehors du temps de leur présentation publique, de ces formes invitant à des expérimentations multiples et singulières et également des différentes explorations, celles de performers et d’expérimentateurs. / Mixed environments are devices, stagings, installations, which hybridize what is tangible and what is digital, physical space and informational or fictional space. These environments allow for their experimenters to be here and now, but also simultaneously linked to an elsewhere or to another temporality. They borrow as much from the magic of the spectacle as from the engineer’s technologies. When they allow to create or to give access to other worlds, they join with performance. These worlds can be 3D platforms or fictions. Mixed environments are defined less by spectacular issues than by performative, fictional and plastic ones. The technical dimensions, be they digital technologies, the ceremonial formatting or stage design, join with the plastic dimensions. To perform in these environments is to search for, allow or provoke temporary states of the body that are related to the specific context of a demonstration. Aside from their public presentation, this dissertation work will also address these forms, which invite to multiple and singular experimentations, as well as the different ways they are explored, by the performers or by the experimenters.