A presente dissertação aborda a música popular instrumental brasileira (MPIB) e sua atividade na cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa visa identificar o conteúdo da MPIB como mediação da sociedade, bem como elucidar questões semânticas e de conteúdo em relação ao termo. Em outras palavras, o trabalho procura levar o leitor a uma das muitas paisagens sonoras da sociedade – paulistana e brasileira – através da “audição" da música instrumental. Abordamos a MPIB a partir de dois pontos de vistas: de um lado sua produção, apresentando algumas das circunstâncias de produção (fonográfica e ao vivo) e de outro, pela observação das lógicas internas às obras a partir de aspectos musicais como escalas, motivos, padrões rítmicos e de acordes, improvisos, formas, etc. Esta dupla abordagem é justificada porque a MPIB desarruma contextos semânticos ao colocar os elementos musicais em relações surpreendentes. Este é o empreendimento que produz a questão central deste trabalho. O intuito desta etnografia é investigar por um lado como as questões relativas à construção da identidade nacional se articulam na MPIB através dos elementos diferenciados que são arranjados dando expressão às tensões e contradições da sociedade brasileira, e por outro identificar alguns elementos na constituição das experiências que surgem no fazer musical. Para dar conta dessa problemática dividimos a dissertação em duas partes: a primeira contendo os dados empíricos advindos da pesquisa de campo, entrevistas e coleta de materiais da mídia, e a segunda parte contendo as discussões teórico-metodológicas sobre a etnografia do fazer musical e a problemática da experiência musical e seus significados no mundo contemporâneo. / This work approaches the Brazilian instrumental popular music (BIPM) and its activity in Sao Paulo city. The research intents to identify the BIPM content as a society mediation, as well as clarify semantic and content questions with respect to the term. In other words, the work tries to bring the reader to one among the several society soundscape – from Sao Paulo and Brazil – through the listening of the instrumental music. We approach the instrumental music from two points of view: firstly its production, presenting some of the production circumstances (phonographic and alive), and on the other hand, by the observation of the work’s internal logic from music aspects such as scales, motifs, rhythms and chords patterns, improvisations, forms, etc. This double approach can be justified because the BIPM disarranges semantic contexts by putting the musical elements in amazing relationships. This effort is the central point of this work. The goal of this ethnography is to investigate, by one hand, how the questions relative to the construction of the national identity articulate themselves on the BIPM through different elements arranged to give expression to the tensions and contradictions of the Brazilian society. On the other hand, to identify some elements on the constitution of the experiences which appear on the music-making. To take account of this problematic we divide this dissertation in two parts: the first one containing empirical data from field research, interviews and collected material from the media, and the second one containing the theoretical and methodological discussions about the ethnography of the music-making, and the problematic of the musical experience and its meanings on the contemporary world.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-07-13T17:10:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Victor Creti Bruzadelli - 2016.pdf: 4602574 bytes, checksum: 7e0701484a6ead0a51a1f7fcf73e8673 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-14T10:53:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Victor Creti Bruzadelli - 2016.pdf: 4602574 bytes, checksum: 7e0701484a6ead0a51a1f7fcf73e8673 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T10:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Victor Creti Bruzadelli - 2016.pdf: 4602574 bytes, checksum: 7e0701484a6ead0a51a1f7fcf73e8673 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / The tropicalismo has been studied by a number of researchers from various fields - history, music, sociology, philosophy, linguistics, among others - who have studied their goals, their aesthetic conceptions, analysis of some songs, their ways of composing and performing songs and their political linkages, etc. Although this movement has been intensely debated and studied, a factor that has not had its due importance revealed by researchers is the tropicalista “laugh” - and this is precisely the focus of this work. This “laugh” is the result of many elements, from costumes, "happenings", dances, generation shock and reality, vocal performances and so on. For this work was chosen “laugh” coming from the “parody process” of musical tradition by tropicalistas musicians. This parody is marked by some unique features that are only possible to realize if we analyze the vocal performance of these musicians-performers, extracting the most information possible from the specificity of their chant. Thus, this work aims precisely include in the context of Tropicália, the Brazilian musical tradition, to parody, to “laugh” and vocal performance. Making possible therefore, another key analysis of this national aesthetic movement present at the end of the 1960s, which is key to the formation of the musical consciousness of Brazil. / O tropicalismo já foi objeto de estudo de um sem número de pesquisadores, das mais diversas áreas – história, música, sociologia, filosofia, linguística, entre outras –, que se debruçaram sobre seus objetivos, suas concepções estéticas, a análise de algumas canções, seus modos de compor e executar canções, suas vinculações políticas, etc. Ainda que esse movimento tenha sido intensamente debatido e estudado, um fator que não teve sua devida importância revelada pelos pesquisadores da área é o riso tropicalista – e é justamente este o ponto central desta pesquisa. Este riso é fruto de diversos elementos, desde os figurinos, os happenings, as danças, os choques de geração e realidade, as performances vocais e assim por diante. Para este trabalho foi escolhido o riso oriundo do processo de parodização da tradição musical pelos músicos tropicalistas. Essa paródia é marcada por algumas características únicas que só são possíveis de se perceber se analisarmos a performance vocal destes cantores-intérpretes, extraindo o maior número de informações possíveis da especificidade de seu canto. Desse modo, esta dissertação busca justamente alinhavar, no contexto da tropicália, a tradição musical brasileira, à paródia, ao riso e à performance vocal. Possibilitando-se, assim, outra chave de análise desse movimento estético nacional presente no fim da década de 1960, que é fundamental para a formação da consciência musical do Brasil.

Les machines parallèles (MPs) existent depuis plus d'un demi-siècle et ils ont fait l'objet d'études intensives. Par opposition avec leurs homologues de structure série, ces mécanismes sont constitués de plusieurs chaînes cinématiques qui relient la base fixe à la plateforme mobile. L'intérêt de ces architectures s'explique par les nombreux avantages qu'elles offrent, parmi lesquels: une rigidité élevée, un rapport important charge/poids global, des capacités dynamiques élevées en raison des masses en mouvement réduites (en particulier lorsque les actionneurs sont sur ou près de la base), une meilleure précision, des fréquences propres plus élevées, etc. Néanmoins, leur exploitation comme machines-outils reste timide et limitée, et le plus souvent elles ne dépassent pas le stade d'étude et de prototype de laboratoires universitaires ou de fabricants de machines-outils. Les principaux inconvénients qui entravent la généralisation des MPs dans l'industrie sont les suivants: un espace de travail limité, des débattements angulaires réduits, la présence de configurations singulières, la complexité de conception, les difficultés d'étalonnage, les problèmes causés par les collisions, la complexité du contrôle/commande (en particulier dans le cas de redondance à actionnement), etc. De plus, si les MPs ont rencontré un grand succès dans les applications de pick-and-place grâce à leur rapidité (capacité d'accélération), leur précision reste inférieure à ce qui a été prévu initialement. Par ailleurs, on trouve également des MPs de très précision, mais malheureusement avec de faibles performances dynamiques. En partant du constat précédant, cette thèse se concentre sur l'obtention de MPs avec un bon compromis entre rapidité et précision. Nous commençons par donner un aperçu de la bibliographie disponible concernant MPs et les avancées majeures dans ce domaine, tout en soulignant les limites de performance des MPs, ainsi que les limites des outils de conception classique. En outre, nous insistons sur les outils d'évaluation des performances, et montrons leurs limites dès qu'il s'agit de traiter le cas de la redondance ou l'hétérogénéité des degrés de liberté (ddl). En effet, si la synthèse architecturale est un point dur de la conception de MPs, la synthèse dimensionnelle reposant sur des indices de performances réellement significatifs l'est également. Par conséquent, de nouveaux indices de performance sont proposés pour évaluer la précision, les capacités cinétostatiques et dynamiques des manipulateurs de manière générale qui apportent des solutions aux difficultés évoquées ci-dessus. Par la suite, plusieurs nouvelles architectures 3T-2R et 3T-1R (T: signifie ddl en translation et R signifie un ddl de rotation) sont présentées, à savoir MachLin5, ARROW V1, et ARROW V2 et ses versions dérivées ARROW V2 M1 et M2. En outre, la synthèse dimensionnelle d'ARROW V2 M2 est réalisée, et les performances de la machine sont évaluées. Finalement, des améliorations futures concernant la précision sont proposées au regard de premiers résultats obtenus sur le prototype. / Parallel manipulators (PMs) have been there for more than half a century and they have been subject of intensive research. In comparison with their serial counterparts, PMs consist of several kinematic chains that connect the fixed base to the moving platform. The interest in such architectures is due to the several advantages they offer, among which we mention: high rigidity and payload-to-weight ratio, elevated dynamical capabilities due to reduced moving masses (especially when the actuators are at or near the base), better precision, higher proper frequencies, etc. Nevertheless, despite of the aforementioned merits, their exploitation as machine tools is still timid and limited, in which they most often do not exceed the research and prototyping stages at university laboratories and machine tool manufacturers. The main drawbacks that hinder the widespread of parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) are the following: limited operational workspace and tilting capacity, presence of singular configurations, design complexities, calibration difficulties, collision-related problems, sophistication of control (especially in the case of actuation redundancy), etc. Besides, though PMs have met a great success in pick-and-place applications, thanks to their rapidity (acceleration capacity), still their precision is less than what has been initially anticipated. On the other hand, extremely precise PMs exist, but unfortunately with poor dynamic performance. Starting from the aforementioned problematics, the current thesis focuses on obtaining PKMs with a good compromise between rapidity and precision. We begin by providing a survey of the available literature regarding PKMs and the major advancements in this field, while emphasizing the shortcomings on the level of design as well as performance. Moreover, an overview on the state of the art regarding performance evaluation is presented and the inadequacies of classical measures, when dealing with redundancy and heterogeneity predicaments, are highlighted. In fact, if finding the proper architectures is one of the prominent issues hindering PKMs' widespread, the performance evaluation and the criteria upon which these PKMs are dimensionally synthesized are of an equal importance. Therefore, novel performance indices are proposed to assess precision, kinetostatic and dynamic capabilities of general manipulators, while overcoming the aforementioned dilemmas. Subsequently, several novel architectures with 3T-2R and 3T-1R degrees of freedom (T and R signify translational and rotational degrees of freedom), namely MachLin5, ARROW V1, and ARROW V2 with its mutated versions ARROW V2 M1/M2, are presented. Furthermore, the dimensional synthesis of the executed PKM, namely ARROW V2 M2, is discussed with its preliminary performances and possible future enhancements, particularly regarding precision amelioration.

Der alpine Skisport stellt in unserer Gesellschaft eine der beliebtesten Wintersportarten dar. Ausgehend von der Faszination der Berge in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurde die Sportart nahezu für jedermann zugänglich und entwickelte sich zu einem bedeutenden Wirtschaftsfaktor. Die Komplexität des alpinen Skisports ist für die Vielzahl der Personen jedoch nicht unproblematisch und beinhaltet Risiken, welche sich nicht selten als Ursache von Verletzungen darstellen. Das Zustandekommen der sportlichen Leistung ist dabei von mehreren Faktoren abhängig und je nach Leistungsniveau unterschiedlich gewichtet. Aus der Studienlage heraus wird ersichtlich, dass mehrere leistungsbestimmende Komponenten existieren, die sowohl konditionelle als auch koordinative Fähigkeiten als wichtige Voraussetzungen für die Ausführung der Skitechnik umfassen. Zudem wird deutlich, dass die Bedeutung der Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit im Konstrukt der Leistungsstruktur eine übergeordnete Rolle einnimmt. Nach Meinung verschiedener Autoren ist die Qualität skispezifischer Bewegungen daher auch in Abhängigkeit zur Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit zu sehen. Der Stellenwert dieser koordinativen Fähigkeit muss außerdem in Verbindung entstehender Verletzungen genannt werden, wodurch ihr als Faktor im sportmotorischen Anforderungsprofil eine vorrangige Stellung zuteil wird. Besonders im Breitensport, in dem der Leistungsgedanke in den Hintergrund rückt, scheint daher die Überlegung einer Risikoreduzierung oder Sturzvermeidung in Abhängigkeit des Materials sinnvoll zu sein. Speziell der Skischuh stand im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen dieser Studie, da er als Ausrüstungsgegenstand entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Übertragung von Steuerimpulsen nimmt. Das Bindeglied zwischen Mensch und Material bestimmt maßgeblich die Bewegungsregulation, die unter anderem von der Wahrnehmung außen einwirkender sensomotorischer Reize abhängig ist. Der Einfluss charakteristisch unterschiedlicher Schuhe auf die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit wurde bislang jedoch noch nicht untersucht und stellt daher das Hauptanliegen dieser Arbeit dar. In Abhängigkeit der differenten Schuheigenschaft wurde außerdem die Fußsensibilität beim Tragen alpiner Skischuhe untersucht. Die in den insgesamt 3 Einzelstudien verwendeten Skischuhe unterschieden sich hauptsächlich in der Leistenbreite. Verwendet wurde ein sportlich orientierter Schuh (Breite 98mm) und ein komfortorientiertes Modell (Breite 103mm). Zur Quantifizierung der Gleichgewichtfähigkeit wurde ein spezifischer Prüfstand verwendet, der aus einer flexibel gelagerten Ebene bestand, auf der der Proband mittels alpiner Sicherheitsbindung arretiert wurde. Zur Simulation der skispezifischen Bewegung bestand die Aufgabe darin, so ruhig wie möglich zu stehen. Mittels Vibrationserzeugers wurde zur Messung der Fußsensibilität die Vibrationsreizschwelle plantar bestimmt. Zusammenfassend kann aus den Ergebnissen geschlussfolgert werden, dass sich ein in der Leistenbreite schmalerer und damit scheinbar fest sitzender Schuh positiv auf die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit auswirkt. Beeinflusst durch die mit diesem Schuh festgestellte bessere Vibrationsreizwahrnehmung ist somit von einer besseren Bewegungsperformance auszugehen, durch die das Verletzungsrisiko reduziert werden könnte.

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Viešosios politikos vertinimas neseniai pradėtas taikyti Lietuvoje ir tam tikra šio įrankio įtaka jau pastebima administruojant ES Struktūrinių ir Sanglaudos fondų paramą. Tačiau informacija apie vertinimą kol kas nėra tobula. Vertinimas institucionalizuojasi Lietuvos administracinėje sistemoje. Vertintojas – naujas socialinis vaidmuo, o kaip žinome iš antropologijios ir sociologijos, bet kokiam vaidmeniui būdingos teisės, pareigos, lūkesčiai ir kt. Be to, vertintojo vaidmuo susijęs su kitais vaidmenimis – politikais, administratoriais, piliečiais. Kiekvienai duotai santykių porai egzistuoja elgesio taisyklės, arba normos, ir atitinkamos galios konfigūracijos, tad reikia ne vien laiko, bet ir valios, vertinimui į darbotvarkę įtraukti. Vertinimo įtvirtinimo procese vertintojui suteikiama teisė užduoti specifinius klausimus, reikalauti tam tikros informacijos ir įpareigoti žmones naudoti vertinimo rezultatus. Analizuojant vertinimo funkcijos raidą, svarbu žinoti, kaip atsiranda vertinimo įtaka, tarpininkauja, yra blokuojama ir plėtojasi, arba, kalbant instrumentiškai, – kaip gali būti padidinta bet kokio vertinimo įtaka. Politikos vertinimo tyrinėjimas, kaip ir daugelis kitų retrospektyvinių viešosios politikos instrumentų, susiduria su duomenų trūkumu. / Evaluation of public policy has been applied in Lithuania only recently, and a certain impact of this tool is noted while administering the support of the EU Structural and Cohesion Funds. However, the information about evaluation has not been perfect yet. Evaluation is institutionalized in the Lithuanian administration system. An evaluator is a new social role, and, as we know from anthropology and sociology, rights, duties, expectations, etc. are typical for any role. In addition, the role of an evaluator is related to other roles, i.e. politicians, administrators or citizens. Rules of behaviour exist for any given pair of relationship or the norms and corresponding configurations of power; thus not only time, but also will is necessary to include evaluation into the agenda. In the process of evaluation consolidation, the evaluator has the right to ask specific questions and demand for certain information and charge the people to use evaluation results. While analyzing the development of the evaluation function, it is important to know how evaluation influence appears, mediates, is blocked or develops or, speaking instrumentally, how the influence of any evaluation may be increased. The research on policy evaluation, as well as many other retrospective instruments of public policy, faces the lack of data.

Forskning visar hur musiken inverkar på människans totala välbefinnande och kapacitet. Det finns studier som påvisar samband mellan musik och prestation och statistiskt sett har musikklasser bättre studieresultat än andra klasser. I denna studie har undersökts hur gymnasieelever själva upplever körsången i skolan, och rent specifikt om körsången kan påverka deras totala studieprestation. Undersökningen fokuserar kring att få en djupare inblick i hur dessa elever ser att deras egen personliga utveckling hänger samman med körsången i skolan. Vilka egenskaper och förmågor utvecklar körsången? Detta har sedan kopplats till rådande forskning om motivation, prestation och framgång. Är det så att körsången bidrar till att höja elevens totala studieprestation? Resultatet visar att körsången har ett flertal effekter, varav flera kan anses vara prestationsgrundande. På ett översiktligt plan upplevs körsången som meningsfull, och ansvarstagandet är därför högt. Körsången stimulerar både mentalt och fysiskt, och genererar positiva emotioner vilket bidrar till tillfredsställelse och välbefinnande. Körsången uppfyller flera behov såsom behov av trygghet, gemenskap och uppskattning, vilket anses vara förutsättningar för att känna motivation till att prestera. Om detta sammantaget påverkar elevens studieresultat totalt sett är svårt att påvisa, men då körsången genererar sådana egenskaper som genomsyrar en elevs totala karaktär och attityd, är det rimligt att påstå att så kan vara fallet. / Research shows how music influences our total well-being and our potential. There are studies that show a connection between music and achievement and statistically students in music programs show better academic results in all subjects than other students. This study has looked into how high school students perceive choral singing in school, and specifically if they feel that choral singing can affect their total scholastic achievements. The study focuses on obtaining a deeper perspective on how these students view if their own personal development is connected to their choral singing in school. What traits and abilities does choral singing promote? The results have been related to current research about motivation, performance, and success. Does choral singing contribute to the improvement of students’ overall scholastic performance? The results show that choral singing has many effects, whereby some can be viewed as achievement-boosting. Broadly speaking, choral singing is perceived to be meaningful by the test-subjects, which leads to a high degree of responsibility. Choral singing stimulates both mentally and physically, and generates positive emotions which contribute to feelings of satisfaction and well-being. Choral singing fulfills many needs, such as security, community, and appreciation, which are said to be prerequisites for being motivated to achieve. It is difficult to prove if this combination is responsible for affecting the students’ scholastic results, but since choral singing generates abilities that permeate a student’s overall character and attitude, it is viable to draw this conclusion.

This Bachelor's thesis in Environmental Science studies the quality of an index of performance measurement of Swedish municipalities' sustainability governance offered by the environmental magazine Miljöaktuellt. Executed for six consecutive years, this evaluation is arguably the most comprehensive and widely spread local sustainability assessment in Sweden. Contextualizing this quantitative measurement tool in the paradigm of New Public Management, the research questions posed are: 'to what extent does the index employed by Miljöaktuellt correspond to the requirements of a set of quality criteria for sustainability assessment?' and 'is the index appropriate as a measure of, or a goal for, Swedish municipalities' internal sustainability efforts?' Through the perspective of evaluation theory, Miljöaktuellt's index is seen as a performance evaluation, thus categorizing this study as a meta-evaluation. Through a qualitative thematic approach, the index is analyzed using the 8 BellagioSTAMP-principles that were developed as tools for assessing quality of sustainability assessments as themes for the analysis. The results found by Miljöaktuellt are clearly and effectively communicated, but the index in itself is shown to be inadequate in methodological rigour in its handling of indicator data, lacking analytical power as ecological indicators are given disproportionate attention compared to economic and social indicators, and insufficient in transparency due to unexplained theoretical considerations, rendering the index inappropriate as a basis for policy guidance in Swedish municipalities. / Denna kandidatuppsats i miljövetenskap syftar till att undersöka kvaliteten hos tidningen Miljöaktuellts utvärderingssystem av svenska kommuners hållbarhetsarbete som de har granskat och rankat årligen i sex år. Detta index är antagligen den mest genomgripande utvärderingen av kommunalt hållbarhetsarbete i Sverige. Miljöaktuellts kommunrankning sätts in i New Public Management-paradigmet och utvärderingssamhällets kontext för att besvara frågeställningarna som lyder: ”Hur väl överensstämmer Miljöaktuellts kommunrankning med en uppsättning kvalitetskriterier för utvärdering av hållbar utveckling?" och ”Är kommunrankningen lämplig att använda som mått på, eller mål för kommuners interna hållbarhetsarbete?" Från ett utvärderingsteoretiskt perspektiv betraktas kommunrankningen som en kvalitetsutvärdering; denna studie kategoriseras därmed som en metautvärdering. Indexet analyseras som en tematisk innehållsanalys med utgångspunkt i de 8 BellagioSTAMP-principerna som utvecklats som ett mätverktyg av utvärderingar av hållbar utveckling. Även om Miljöaktuellt kommunicerar sina resultat väl bedöms tidningens index sakna metodologisk tyngd i behandlingen av dess indikatorer, brista i analytisk kapacitet då ekologiska indikatorer ges oproportionerlig tyngd på bekostnad av ekonomiska och sociala indikatorer, samt sakna nödvändig transparens då teoretiska överväganden inte uttrycks och motiveras. Dessa brister gör indexet olämpligt som underlag för politiska beslut inom svenska kommuners hållbarhetsarbete.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:14:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997-03-10T00:00:00Z / Trata-se da Reengenharia de Processos de Negócios, abordando seu conceito, definição, metodologia de implementação e resultados esperados com tal abordagem. A partir de um caso real em uma divisão da GM nos EUA, identifica-se os pontos críticos que devem ser considerados para se aumentar as chances de sucesso de um projeto de Reengenharia.

It is well documented that reading plays a crucial role in success at school and beyond. Studies indicate that reading not only contributes to academic performance, but also enriches vocabulary. Positive reading attitudes and the will to read are factors that determine whether or not students read at school. However, not much reading research has been conducted in Swaziland. Using Form 5 learners from four public schools, this study explores the relationships between reading ability, vocabulary, reading attitudes, habits and access and academic performance among Form 5 Swazi learners. To complement the quantitative study, classroom observations were conducted to contextualise the quantitative results. The combined findings indicate that reading correlates robustly with vocabulary development and also with academic performance. The findings suggest that the ability to read and understand text plays a dynamic role in academic success. For students to be well informed and have a rich vocabulary, schools should make reading a priority. Key words: Reading comprehension, vocabulary knowledge / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Applied Linguistics)