Les services de stérilisation sont des lieux de production de soins caractérisés par une multitude d’activités et situations auxquelles ils sont confrontés. En outre, les services de stérilisation doivent assurer leurs missions dans un environnement caractérisé par la présence d’une variété de risques. Les risques présents dans ces milieux peuvent aller des pannes des équipements jusqu’aux contaminations et transmission des maladies nosocomiales. Ces services sont aussi tenus de garder un niveau de performances satisfaisant pour assurer la continuité des soins dans les blocs opératoires.Pour aider ces services dans leur quête d'un système performant, capable d’évoluer dans un environnement à haut niveau de risques, nous nous intéressons dans ce travail de recherche au développement d’une approche intégrée pour l’analyse de risques et l’évaluation des performances. Ce travail s’intègre dans un cadre collaboratif entre le laboratoire G-SCOP et le service de stérilisation du CHU de Grenoble, terrain d’étude choisi pour mettre en œuvre l’approche proposée.L'approche que nous proposons se déroule en plusieurs étapes: tout d’abord, suite à une comparaison entre les méthodes de gestion des risques, nous nous sommes orientés vers l’approche pilotée par modèle, dénommée FIS (Fonction Interaction Structure). En nous basant sur FIS, nous avons développé un modèle de risque dans ce service de stérilisation, décrivant à la fois les fonctions, les ressources permettant la réalisation de ces fonctions ainsi que les différents risques qui peuvent être rencontrés. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons représenté le comportement dynamique du modèle de risques obtenu. Ce modèle dynamique permet de simuler le comportement du service de stérilisation et le voir évoluer dans les situations normales de fonctionnement et les situations de risques. Pour ce faire, nous avons introduit une nouvelle classe de réseau de Petri appelée réseau de Petri PTPS (Predicate-Transition, Prioritized, Synchronous) permettant de représenter et simuler le comportement dynamique du modèle FIS. Par la suite, nous avons automatisé le passage entre le modèle de risque et le modèle dynamique. Cette automatisation est effectuée par un ensemble d’algorithmes de traduction, capables de convertir automatiquement le modèle FIS et le modèle de simulation en réseau de Petri PTPS.Cette approche a donné lieu à un outil de modélisation et de simulation en mode dégradé, appelé SIM-RISK. Nous avons également montré l’utilité de cet outil sur des exemples inspirés des différents risques rencontrés dans le service de stérilisation. / Sterilization services are vulnerable to risks, due to the contagious nature of their environment and to the degradation that risks can cause to their performances and to the safety of patients and staff. The risks in these facilities can range from equipment failure to the transmission of nosocomial infections and diseases. In this kind of high risk environment, these services are also required to maintain an adequate level of performance to ensure continuity of care in operating theaters.We focus in this research on the development of an integrated approach for risk analysis and performance assessment. This work is part of a collaborative work between the G-SCOP laboratory and the sterilization service of the University Hospital of Grenoble, which was the case study chosen to implement the proposed approach.The approach we propose is conducted in several steps: first, following a comparison of the risk analysis methods, we have chosen a model driven approach called FIS (Function Interaction Structure). Based on FIS, we have developed a risk model of Grenoble University Hospital sterilization service. This model describes the functions, the resources to achieve these functions as well as the various risks that may be encountered. Secondly, we introduced a new view to the FIS model dedicated to describe the dynamic behaviour of the resulting risk model.This dynamic model can simulate the behaviour of the sterilization service in normal situations of operations and risk situations.To do this, we have introduced a new Petri Net class called PTPS (Predicate-Transition, Prioritized, Synchronous) Petri Net to represent and simulate the dynamic behaviour of the FIS model. Subsequently, we automated the switching between the risk model and the dynamic model. This automation is performed by a set of translation algorithms capable of automatically converting the FIS model to a PTPS Petri Net simulation model .This approach resulted in a modelling and simulation tool in degraded mode called SIM-RISK. We also showed the usefulness of this tool by some examples based on different risks encountered in the sterilization service.

Au cours des dernières années, l'utilisation d’appareils embarqués a augmenté rapidement en raison de la commodité qu'ils offrent dans la vie quotidienne. Les appareils embarqués se caractérisent par leur petite taille, leur portabilité ainsi que leur capacité d'échanger des données avec d'autres appareils grâce à leur service de communication réseau. L'analyse du comportement et les interactions entre ces appareils a abouti dans l'établissement d’un nouveau type de système, appelé systèmes embarqués en réseau.En tant que la popularité actuelle des systèmes embarqués en réseau grandissent, il y a une tendance de relever leurs défis de conception existants afin de développer d'applications fonctionnelles. Ces défis concernent l'utilisation de leurs ressources matérielles limitées (p.ex. la mémoire du processeur, l'unité d'alimentation) et l'hétérogénéité du système en termes de logiciel, de matériel et aussi des mécanismes d'interaction entre les appareils. A cet effet, dans cette thèse nous présentons une approche rigoureuse considérant tous les défis grâce à un flot de conception basée sur techniques de modélisation. Le flot utilise le formalisme BIP pour la construction hiérarchique de systèmes autour de composants et il est facilement utilisé, car chaque étape est entièrement automatisée par des outils et méthodes développés. En plus, ce flot perme la simulation des systèmes à chaque étape de développement, la vérification par l'exploration de l'espace de conception, la génération de code et la calibration des modèles développés, afin de présenter fidèlement le système réel. Les modèles calibrés peuvent analyser la performance de system et aussi valider des exigences sur le system. Finalement, les résultats d'analyse de performance peuvent apporter des améliorations sur la conception de système cible.Notre approche est présenté sur plusieurs bien connus domaines applicatifs des systèmes embarqués en réseau, comme les systèmes automobiles, les systèmes de l'automation industrielle, les systèmes de réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN systèmes) et les systèmes pour l'internet des objets (IoT systèmes). Chaque domaine inclut différentes caractéristiques et technologies, mais dispose également différent défis. Ces défis sont considérés par les outils développés pour chaque domaine, qui sont validées contre les outils existantes, comme MATLAB/Simulink, RTaW-Sim, OPNET Modeler et Cooja. La validation se fait grâce à les cas d’études sur les applications industrielles ou les benchmark réalistes des systèmes embarqués en réseau. Nos expérimentations illustrent le soutien d'une meilleure analyse par les outils développés en fournissant d'abord résultats similaires pendant la simulation et en plus les capacités de génération automatique de code et la vérification des exigences. / Over the latest years the use of embedded devices has expanded rapidly due to the convenience they offer in daily life. Embedded devices are characterized by their tiny size, their portability as well as their ability to exchange data with other devices through a dedicated network unit. The analysis of the behavior and interactions between such devices lead to the emergence of a new system type, called networked embedded systems.As the current popularity of networked embedded systems grows, there is a trend for addressing their existing design challenges in the development of functional applications. These challenges relate to the use of their limited hardware resources (e.g. processor memory, power unit) and the system heterogeneity in terms of software, hardware as well as communication mechanisms between the embedded devices. To this end, in this thesis we present a rigorous approach considering all the design challenges through a model-based design flow. The flow uses BIP as an underlying framework for the hierarchical construction of component-based systems and it is easily employed, as each step is fully supported by developed tools and methods. Its benefits include early-stage simulation and testing, verification of functional correctness, generation of deployable code and collection of performance data from real executions, in order to calibrate the developed models. Calibrated models represent faithfully the real system and can analyze system performance as well as evaluate accurately system requirements. Additionally, performance analysis results may provide design enhancements in the target system.Our approach is demonstrated in several well-known application domains of networked embedded systems, namely the automotive, industrial automation, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Each domain includes different characteristics and technologies, but also features different challenges. These challenges are considered by developed tools for each domain, which are validated against existing domain-specific, such as MATLAB/Simulink, RTaW-Sim, OPNET Modeler and Cooja. The validation is facilitated through case-studies in industrial or benchmark networked embedded systems. Our experiments illustrate the support of a better fine-grained analysis from the developed tools by initially providing similar simulation results and additionally offering capabilities for automated code generation as well as requirement verification.

Depuis son invention, l'électricité joue un rôle essentiel dans notre vie quotidienne. L'apparition des premières installations de production d'électricité à la fin du XIXème siècle a ouvert la voie au système électrique et à ses sous-systèmes. Les consommateurs d'énergie électrique exigent un service fiable en termes de stabilité et de sécurité du réseau électrique. Depuis la libéralisation des marchés, les producteurs d'énergie électrique, les fournisseurs de services publics et d'équipements, en tant qu'acteurs principaux, suivent une tendance émergente pour satisfaire les demandes des consommateurs. Cette tendance implique l'amélioration des technologies, l'innovation et le respect des normes et des réglementations gouvernementales. Tous ces efforts ont été qualifiés de concept de réseaux intelligents (Smart Grid en anglais) qui évolue pour répondre aux demandes futures.Les sous-stations numériques modernes et futures façonnent des nœuds essentiels dans le réseau électrique, où la stabilité du flux d'énergie électrique, la conversion des niveaux de tension et la protection de l'équipement du poste de commutation figurent parmi les principaux rôles de ces nœuds. La norme prometteuse CEI 61850 et ses composants apportent de nouvelles fonctionnalités aux systèmes d'automatisation des postes. L'utilisation de la communication Ethernet dans ces systèmes réduit la quantité de connexions câblées qui réduit l'encombrement de l'équipement de la sous-station, des dispositifs et de leur câblage.L'intégration des nouvelles fonctionnalités CEI 61850 au niveau des sous-stations requiert des compétences multidisciplinaires. Par exemple, considérons les tâches de protection et de contrôle de la puissance d'un côté et les technologies de l'information et de la communication de l'autre. La dépendance entre les fonctions d'automatisation des sous-stations et les réseaux de communication à l'intérieur d'une sous-station pose de nouveaux défis aux concepteurs, intégrateurs et testeurs. Ainsi, étudier la fiabilité des fonctionnalités du système, par exemple, les schémas de protection, exige de nouvelles méthodes d'essai où les méthodes conventionnelles ne sont pas applicables. Les nouvelles techniques devraient fournir des moyens d'évaluer les performances des systèmes conçus et de vérifier leur conformité aux exigences des normes.Afin d'améliorer la fiabilité du système conçu, ce travail vise à développer des méthodes pour tester les systèmes d'automatisation de sous-station CEI 61850, en particulier sur les processus et les niveaux de la baie, dans une plate-forme dédiée aux tâches de recherche. Cette plate-forme incorpore des dispositifs de pointe et des cartes de test qui aideront à observer simultanément les interactions dynamiques des transitoires de puissance et les perturbations du réseau de communication. Les données obtenues lors des tests expérimentaux seront utilisées pour diagnostiquer les défaillances et classer leurs causes afin de les supprimer et d'améliorer la fiabilité du système conçu. / Since its invention, Electricity has played a vital role in our everyday life. The appearance of the first power production facilities in the late nineteenth century paved the way for the electrical power system and its subsystems. Consumers of electric power demand dependable service in terms of power grid stability and safety. Since the liberalization of the markets, producers of electric power, utilities and equipment suppliers, as principal players, are following an emerging trend to satisfy consumers’ demands. This trend involves improving technologies, innovating and respecting standards requirements and governments’ regulations. All these efforts termed as the concept of the Smart Grid that is evolving to meet future demands.Modern and future digital substations shape essential nodes in the grid, where stability of electric power flow, converting of voltage levels and protecting switchyard equipment are among the primary roles of these nodes. The promising standard IEC 61850 and its parts, bring new features to the substation automation systems. The use of Ethernet based communication within these systems reduces the amount of hardwired connections that results in lowering footprint of substation equipment, devices and their cabling.Integration of the new IEC 61850 features at the substation levels requires multidiscipline competences. For instance, consider power protection and control tasks from one side and information and communication technologies from the other side. Dependency between substation automation functions and communication networks inside a substation brings new kinds of challenges to designers, integrators and testers. Thus, investigating the dependability of the system functionalities, e.g. the protection schemes, requires new methods of testing where conventional methods are not applicable. The new techniques should provide means to evaluate performance of designed systems and checking their conformance to the standards requirements.In order to improve the designed system dependability, this work aims to develop methods for testing the IEC 61850 enabled substation automation systems, especially on the process and the bay levels, in a platform dedicated for research tasks. This platform incorporates state-of-art devices and test-set cards that will help to simultaneously observe dynamic interactions of the power transients and communication network perturbations. Data obtained during the experimental tests will be used for diagnosing of failures and classifying their causes in order to remove them and enhance dependability of the designed system.

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Saudações, Auxiliadora on 2018-05-17T13:54:59Z (GMT) / Submitted by EDUARDO SEIXAS (eduardoseixas19@gmail.com) on 2018-05-17T15:26:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Final Eduardo - Versão Digital.pdf: 2724392 bytes, checksum: 2c072f87e0933e3eef17346797dc2e3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Miria Moreira (anamiriamoreira@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-17T17:54:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Final Eduardo - Versão Digital.pdf: 2724392 bytes, checksum: 2c072f87e0933e3eef17346797dc2e3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-17T17:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Final Eduardo - Versão Digital.pdf: 2724392 bytes, checksum: 2c072f87e0933e3eef17346797dc2e3e (MD5) / As compras públicas sustentáveis (CPS) integram o esforço internacional em favor da sustentabilidade por meio da produção e consumo sustentável do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente (PNUMA). Entende-se por CPS as aquisições de bens, contratações de serviços, obras e reformas com critérios de sustentabilidade, os quais envolvem fatores econômicos, ambientais e sociais. Apesar de o governo federal envidar esforços para cumprir a determinação constitucional e os acordos internacionais na construção de uma sociedade sustentável, as CPS estão muito distantes de saírem da exceção para tornarem-se regra. Crê-se que a governança pública possa impulsionar as aquisições públicas no Brasil. Por governança pública, entende-se a forma pela qual as organizações públicas são dirigidas, e que envolvem o relacionamento entre a sociedade, a alta administração e os servidores públicos para atender as demandas sociais. O tema é explorado na perspectiva das relações dos atores que compõem a rede de governança das CPS, como também, na avaliação de desempenho das organizações da administração pública federal em relação as suas compras e práticas sustentáveis. Entende-se por práticas sustentáveis as ações que objetivam mudanças de comportamento institucional em prol da sustentabilidade. Assim, a pesquisa se propõe a analisar como um modelo de Governança Pública para processos de compras sustentáveis pode alterar o volume das aquisições de produtos e de práticas sustentáveis nas organizações públicas. Para esse fim, a pesquisa toma como base as aquisições de um Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. A pesquisa baseia-se na abordagem metodológica sistêmica; é aplicada quanto a finalidade; tem objetivo exploratório e metodológico; serve-se do método de avaliação de dados misto; e vale-se da estratégia de estudo de caso único. As técnicas de coleta de dados são bibliográficas, documental, entrevistas e questionário. As técnicas de análise e interpretação dos dados são alicerçadas na análise de redes sociais. A partir deste constructo teórico, a pesquisa propõe um modelo de governança para fomentar as compras e práticas sustentáveis, que redefine os papeis dos atores da governança sustentável e concebe indicadores e o índice de governança de compras sustentáveis (iGovCS). / ABSTRACT Sustainable public procurement (SPP) incorporate the international effort in favor of sustainability by way of sustainable production and consumption from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It is understood by SPP the acquisition of goods, hiring of services, construction and reconstruction within sustainability criteria, to which involve economic, social and environmental factors. Although the federal government makes great efforts towards the completion of the constitutional determination and the international deals to the building of a sustainable society, the SPP are still far away from becoming the rule, instead of the exception. It is believed that the public governance can boost the public acquisitions in Brazil. For public governance, it is understood the way in which the public organizations are managed, and involve the relationship between society, the high administration and public servants to attend to the social demands. The theme is explored through the perspective of the relationships of the actors that take place in the SPP governance web, but also in the performance evaluation of the organizations of the federal public administration in relation to its sustainable procurement and practices. It is understood by sustainable practices the actions that have the objective to change the institutional behavior on behalf of sustainability. Furthermore, this research will analyze how a Public Governance model of processes to sustainable procurement can alter the volume of product acquisitions and sustainable practices in public organizations. For this purpose, the research has as its foundation, the acquisitions of a Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology. The research is based on systemic methodological approach; applied to the final intent; has exploratory and methodological objective; uses the mixed data evaluation method; and bases on unique case study strategy. Data collection methods are bibliography, documentary, interview and questionnaire. Analysis and interpretation data techniques are based on social network. From this theoretical construct, the research proposes a model of governance to encourage the sustainable procurement and practices, that redefines the roles of the sustainable governance actors and design pointers and the Sustainable Governance Indicators.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la question de l’évaluation des Systèmes Multi-Agents (SMA). Les caractéristiques propres que possèdent ces derniers, notamment en termes d’autonomie, de distribution, de dynamique et de socialité, ont grandement contribué à l’élargissement de leurs champs d’application, mais en contrepartie, elles ont rendu leur analyse plus ardue. Ainsi, les méthodes d’évaluation dans les systèmes informatiques classiques s’avèrent insuffisantes à analyser les SMA, étant donné qu’elles ne tiennent pas compte de leurs spécificités. L’objectif de cette thèse consiste donc à proposer une approche générique pour l’évaluation des SMA en se basant sur la mesure de leurs caractéristiques fonctionnelles. A cet effet, le besoin de disposer d’informations sur l’exécution du système à évaluer est manifeste. C’est dans ce cadre qu’une nouvelle approche d’observation des SMA est proposée. Les résultats de ces observations sont exploités pour construire une abstraction du système sous forme d’un modèle, lequel est étudié pour définir les mesures de performances. L’analyse se focalise sur deux caractéristiques essentielles, à la base de la dynamique et de la socialité des SMA : la communication et l’organisation. Les expérimentations de la solution proposée portent sur deux applications multi-agents. La première est une application de diagnostic des pannes dans un environnement industriel et la seconde est une application de pilotage et de gestion de la production dans les chaînes logistiques. / This thesis focuses on the issue of MultiAgent Systems (MAS) evaluation. The MAS own characteristics, namely autonomy, distribution, dynamicity and sociality, have greatly contributed to the expansion of their application scope; but in return they made their analysis more difficult. Thus, evaluation methods in classic computer systems are insufficient to analyse MAS, since they do not take into account their specificities. The objective of this thesis is to provide a generic approach for the evaluation of MAS by measuring their functional characteristics. To this end, the need for information about the execution of the system to be evaluated is evident. In this context, a new approach to observe MAS is proposed. The results of these observations are exploited to build an abstraction model of the system which is studied in order to define performance metrics. The analysis focuses on two key characteristics, at the basis on the dynamics and sociality in MAS: communication and organization. The experiments of the proposed solution are performed on two multiagent applications. The first is an application of fault diagnosis in an industrial environment and the second is an application of control and production planning in supply chains.

The energy used in non-domestic buildings accounts for 18 % of the energy use in the UK. Within the non-domestic building stock, 11 % of office buildings have a very high influence on the energy use. Thus, the retrofit of office buildings has a significant potential for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reduction within the non-domestic building stock. However, the replacement rate of existing buildings by new-build is only around 1-3 % per annum. Post-war office buildings, (built between 1945 and 1985) represent a promising sector for retrofit and energy demand reduction. They have disproportionately high energy consumption because many were built before the building regulations addressed thermal performance. The aim of the research is to evaluate the retrofit strategies for post-war office buildings accounting for the improved energy efficiency, thermal comfort and hence, productivity, capital and the running costs. The research seeks to provide the optimal generic retrofit strategies and illustrate sophisticated methods which will be the basis for guidelines about post-war office building retrofit. For this, multiple combinations of heating and cooling retrofit measures were applied to representative models (Exemplar) of post-war office buildings using dynamic thermal simulation modelling. The retrofit strategies include; applying envelope retrofit to UK Building Regulations Part L2B and The Passivhaus Institue EnerPHit standards for heating demand reduction and winter comfort. Passive cooling interventions such as shading devices and night ventilation and active cooling intervention such as mixed-mode ventilation were applied to overcome summer overheating. All retrofit combinations were evaluated considering future climate, inner and outer city locations and different orientations. In summary, the results showed that under current weather conditions Part L2B standard retrofit with passive cooling provided the optimum solution. In 2050, however, both Part L2B retrofit naturally ventilated cases with the passive cooling measures and EnerPHit retrofit mixed-mode ventilation cases provide the requisite thermal comfort and result in a similar range of energy consumption. It was concluded that to create generic retrofit solutions which could be applied to a given typology within the building stock is possible. The methodology and the Exemplar model could be used in future projects by decision-makers and the findings and analysis of the simulations could be taken as guidance for the widespread retrofit of post-war office buildings.

Un système de distribution électrique est le cœur de tous types de sites industriels, aussi bien les sites producteurs d'énergie que les sites consommateurs. La sécurité de ce système doit être impérativement assurée par la mise en place des unités assurant plusieurs fonctionnalités de protection contre les dédauts électriques. Parmi ces fonctionalités il existe celles qui se basent sur des échanges d'information entre plusieurs unités de protection. Le standard IEC 61850 guarantit cet échange des informations via des signaux ‘temps réel' échangé via le réseau de communication. Vue l'aspet non deterministe de ces signaux, une étude poussée de leur fiabilité doit être effectuée. Pour ces raisons notre travail de thèse a pour objectif de mettre en place une méthodologie, basée sur une plateforme de Co-Simulation conçue pendant notre étude, qui permet la validation de la fiabilité de ces messages tout au long du cycle de vie d'un système de communication IEC 61850. / From 2004, a new worldwide standard of communication IEC61850 is introduced in the majority of substation automation system carrying out new innovation prospects to the world of substation. One of these feature is that it allows the exchange of security real time communication messages all over the communication network. These messages are used as control information for the Distributed Automation Application 'DAA'. Taking into consideration that DAA have a direct effect on ythe dependability of a smart grid architecture, the fiability of these real time IEC 61850 should be evaluated. For these reasons, our research delas with the development of a Co-Simulation platform that permits the evaluation and validation of an IEC 61850 communication network.

The study aimed to verify, empirically, if there are differences in the importance of strategic performance indicators assigned by managers at different hierarchical levels of an organization. A case study was carried out at a national teaching hospital, located in the South Region of Brazil, using a strategic performance evaluation system based on the Public Value Scorecard model, and, in turn, used for cascading and weight values assigned by 31 managers working in this organization. Based on descriptive statistics, this research showed the difference in weightage of performance indicators, and distribution patterns according to the hierarchical level and the perspective of the Public Value Scorecard model. / El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar empíricamente si los gerentes de diferentes niveles jerárquicos de una organización le otorgan a los indicadores estratégicos de desempeño distintos niveles de importancia. El estudio se realizó en un hospital universitario estatal ubicado en la región sur de Brasil; ahí se elaboró un modelo de evaluación del desempeño basado en el Public Value Scorecard, y este a su vez se utilizó para el efecto en cascada y para que 31 directivos de la organización investigada asignen valores a estos indicadores. Según estadísticas descriptivas, la investigación muestra las diferencias en los valores asignados a los indicadores de desempeño, tanto en el comportamiento de distribución de ponderación, como en el nivel jerárquico, según la perspectiva de cada modelo Public Value Scorecard. / A investigação buscou verificar empiricamente se ocorrem diferenças na importância atribuída a indicadores estratégicos de avaliação de desempenho por gestores de diferentes níveis hierárquicos de uma organização. Procedeu-se um estudo de caso em um hospital universitário federal localizado na região Sul do Brasil, no qual foi realizada uma modelagem de um sistema estratégico de avaliação de desempenho com base no modelo Public Value Scorecard, por sua vez utilizado para cascateamento e atribuição de pesos aos indicadores elaborados e destinados a 31 gestores da organização investigada. Com base em técnicas de estatística descritiva, a pesquisa apresentou indicações a respeito das diferenças entre os pesos atribuídos aos indicadores de desempenho, bem como sobre os comportamentos de dispersão na atribuição de pesos, tanto de acordo com o nível hierárquico quanto para cada perspectiva do modelo Public Value Scorecard.

In the Eastern Cape Department of Health the performance management and development system progress reviews are performed in a summative manner. This happens when a supervisor leaves out all the other progress reviews and conducts a final progress assessment and monitoring at the end of the year. It is worse when the performance agreements are not even signed during the start of a financial year, neither does a newly qualified employee sign. As a result employees are not appraised because there are no progress reviews that are entered on the Persal system. Employees miss an opportunity to be sent for training at the same time they are rewarded late or not at all. It is obvious that the managers do not understand the aims and objectives of the PMDS policy. The research was an assessment of the effectiveness of the performance management and development system in inculcating professional behaviour in the nursing staff in the three Buffalo City hospitals, namely, East London Hospital Complex, Grey and Bisho hospital. The aspects of the policy investigated were the performance reviews, the competency framework and the performance incentive scheme. This research is qualitative in nature. Data was collected using unstructured interviews and open ended questions. The population of this study involved selected Performance Management Managers, Quality Assurance Manager, Area Managers, junior nurses and clerks working in the Buffalo City Hospitals. The respondents of the study were selected using the stratified random sampling technique. Descriptive methods were used to analyse data. Confidentiality was highly maintained and consent form even distributed from the start of the research. The three Buffalo City hospitals are practising a balanced scorecard as a performance measurement tool. It is in the form of workplans that are different for different levels of employees such as the performance workplans, standard framework workplan and individual workplans. ix The study discovered that there is poor compliance in performing the performance reviews. The attention is on the appraisal aspect more than the development aspect. Also, there is a delay in taking the employees for training as a result they end up not being trained. The employees are not rewarded according to their performance. The PMDS policy states that employees that get a score of three are entitled to get a one percent and those that are rated a four or a five qualify for a performance bonus. The study found that the PMDS policy is not implemented well. It is recommended that the performance management manager and the quality assurance manager need to apply a radical strategic transformation and change management to address the challenges.

Submitted by infopei ufba (infopei@ufba.br) on 2017-05-10T19:11:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJosemirAlexandrino.pdf: 4030416 bytes, checksum: 971f2eadd7c4d23fb1945b3a4dfbd1d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Flávia Sousa (flaviabs@ufba.br) on 2017-05-29T19:00:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJosemirAlexandrino.pdf: 4030416 bytes, checksum: 971f2eadd7c4d23fb1945b3a4dfbd1d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T19:00:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJosemirAlexandrino.pdf: 4030416 bytes, checksum: 971f2eadd7c4d23fb1945b3a4dfbd1d5 (MD5) / MS, CNPq, FAPESB, SESAB, SECTI e IFBA / O uso massivo de tecnologia na área da saúde tem elevado a efetividade dos procedimentos médicos, com consequente melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Entretanto, tais tecnologias trazem riscos intrínsecos, que podem resultar em danos, quando mal utilizadas ou mantidas. Neste contexto, encontram-se os Equipamentos Médico-hospitalares (EMH) que podem apresentar problemas que resultem em diagnósticos errôneos, terapias inapropriadas ou que comprometam a segurança dos usuários. A avaliação periódica, e em particular, do desempenho metrológico, constitui-se em importante meio para alcançar o uso seguro do EMH. As soluções encontradas para tal avaliação são rigidamente condicionadas às especificidades de cada tipo de EMH e dificilmente podem ser aproveitadas para outros. Embora não tenha sido encontrada na literatura uma solução generalista que possa ser aplicada a determinados tipos de EMH, esta indica viabilidade de aplicação, em função dos constantes avanços tecnológicos do setor. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para a avaliação do desempenho metrológico de EMHs e para tal, foi desenvolvido um sistema que reúne instrumentos de medição integrados a um software gerenciador de ensaios. Este software realiza a aquisição e monitoramento de dados de medição relativos às variáveis metrológicas do equipamento sob teste, avalia a adequação destes dados a requisitos metrológicos preestabelecidos e emite relatório de conformidade. O sistema permite a configuração de diversos parâmetros, possibilitando a execução de avaliações de desempenho metrológico em diferentes tipos de EMH. Para fins de validação, o sistema foi configurado para realizar avaliações em bisturis elétricos e incubadoras neonatais. Os resultados mostram a eficácia da metodologia desenvolvida e a eficiência da plataforma computacional para avaliação metrológica de EHM. / The massive use of technology in health care has increased the effectiveness of medical procedures, with consequent improvement of quality of life of patients. However, such technologies carry inherent risks that can result in damage when misused or maintained. In this context, are the medical and hospital equipment (MHE) that can present problems that result in misdiagnosis, inappropriate therapies or which compromise the safety of users. The periodic assessment, especially of the metrological performance constitutes an important means to achieve the MHE safe use. The solutions for such evaluation are tightly constrained to the specific characteristics of each type of MHE and can hardly be reutilized for others. Although not found in the literature a general solution that can be applied to certain types of MHE, this indicates the feasibility of application, in function of the constant technological advances in the medical equipment industry. Thus, this work presents a methodology for evaluating the metrological performance of MHE and for such, a system was developed that brings together measuring instruments integrated into software for testing manager. This software performs the acquisition and monitoring of measurement data related to the metrological variables of equipment under test, assesses the adequacy of these data to preestablished metrological requirements and issues a compliance report. The system allows configuration of various parameters, enabling the execution of metrological performance evaluations in different types of MHE. For verification purposes, the system was configured to perform evaluations of high frequency electrosurgical scalpels and neonatal incubators. The results show the effectiveness of the developed methodology and the efficiency of the computational platform for metrological evaluation of MHE.