Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este trabalho trata do projeto pedagógico do Monsenhor Álvaro Negromonte, a partir de um conjunto de impressos pedagógicos publicados entre 1936 e 1964, destinados a públicos distintos. Reconhecido, entre seus pares, como um dos grandes líderes da renovação do ensino religioso, nos anos de 1930, Álvaro Negromonte envolveu-se profundamente nos debates educacionais de então, produzindo um conjunto variado de impressos pedagógicos que elegiam como alvos privilegiados a escola e as famílias. Organizados em diferentes formatos, os impressos publicados pelo Monsenhor Álvaro Negromonte para as professoras e para as famílias são analisados, nesta pesquisa, como parte de uma Biblioteca Pedagógica que foi sendo construída ao longo de dezoito anos, voltada, também, para a renovação do ensino religioso. O objetivo é de buscar compreender os pontos de contato que entrelaçavam esses projetos, de formação de professoras-catequistas e educação das famílias, articulando-os entre si e a outro maior, voltado para a recatolicização da sociedade. As duas classes de impressos utilizadas pelo padre, livros e boletins, endereçadas às escolas e às famílias são entendidas nesta pesquisa como objetos culturais, tomados como unidades de análise em sua produção, considerando suas formas e conteúdos. As práticas educativas analisadas nesta pesquisa foram entendidas como práticas culturais que visaram estabelecer novos códigos de valores e comportamentos, criaram outras representações para o educador, associando as contribuições pedagógicas dos novos tempos aos saberes elementares da fé católica. Os dois projetos aqui analisados se complementam e apontam para a importância que a figura da mulher assumiu no trabalho de Negromonte. Fomentado no bojo da Ação Católica, o trabalho desenvolvido pelo padre passava, primeiramente, pela educação da fé das mulheres que, estivessem exercendo sua função de professoras, na escola, ou de mães, em suas casas, iam sendo formadas para atuar na vida eclesial e social brasileira. / This work deals with the pedagogical project of Monsignor Álvaro Negromonte, from a set of educational printings published between 1936 and 1964, aimed at different audiences. Recognized among his peers as one of the great leaders of the renewal of religious education in the 1930s, Álvaro Negromonte became deeply involved in the educational debates of his time, producing a wide range of educational printings aimeing as prime targets the school and the families. Organized in different formats, the printings published by Monsignor Álvaro Negromonte for teachers and families are analyzed in this research as part of a Pedagogic Library built over eighteen years, focused also to the renewal of religious teaching. The objective is to understand the points of contact that wove these projects: training of teachers, catechists and education of families, linking them to each other and the larger one, facing to re- Catholicize society. The two classes of printings used by the priest - books and newsletters - addressed to schools and families in this research are understood as cultural objects, taken as units of analysis in its production, considering its form and content. Educational practices analyzed in this study were perceived as cultural practices aimed to set new values and behavior codes, created other representations for the educator, linking the pedagogical contributions of new times to elementary knowledge of the Catholic faith. The two projects hereby analyzed are complementary and point to the importance the woman figure took in Negromontes work. Fostered under the aegis of Catholic Action, the work of the priest passed first by faith education of women that, exercising their role as teachers at school or mothers at their homes, were being trained to work in Brazil ecclesial and social life.

Scholars interested in the popular Victorian periodical Temple Bar have primarily focused on the editorship of George Augustus Sala, under whom the journal paradoxically began delivering controversial content to conservative middle-class readers. But while the Temple Bar's sensation fiction and social realism have already been considered, critics have not yet examined Temple Bar's New Woman fiction, which was published during the last decade of the 19th century and George Bentley's reign as editor-in-chief. While functioning as editor-in-chief, Bentley sought to adhere to the dictates found in the 1860 prospectus, to "inculcate thoroughly English sentiment: respect for authority, attachment to the Church, and loyalty to the Queen." The Temple Bar seems an odd publication venue for the audacious New Woman writer Sarah Grand. And yet, Grand published several short stories in Temple Bar under the editorship of Bentley. Knowing Bentley's infamous editorial hatchet work, we might assume that he would cut from Grand's writing any unsavory bits of traditional New Woman content. Instead, a comparison of Grand's Temple Bar stories, "Kane, A Soldier Servant" and "Janey, A Humble Administrator," with their later unedited, republished versions (found in Grand's Our Manifold Nature) suggests that Bentley had a different editorial agenda. This analysis of Grand's fiction demonstrates that it was not New Woman subjects that Bentley found objectionable but the culpability her texts placed on the upper-middle class for their failure to act on behalf of the lower classes. Examining Bentley's removal of this material thus sheds new light on the dangers of New Woman literature as perceived by its Victorian audiences.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este trabalho trata do projeto pedagógico do Monsenhor Álvaro Negromonte, a partir de um conjunto de impressos pedagógicos publicados entre 1936 e 1964, destinados a públicos distintos. Reconhecido, entre seus pares, como um dos grandes líderes da renovação do ensino religioso, nos anos de 1930, Álvaro Negromonte envolveu-se profundamente nos debates educacionais de então, produzindo um conjunto variado de impressos pedagógicos que elegiam como alvos privilegiados a escola e as famílias. Organizados em diferentes formatos, os impressos publicados pelo Monsenhor Álvaro Negromonte para as professoras e para as famílias são analisados, nesta pesquisa, como parte de uma Biblioteca Pedagógica que foi sendo construída ao longo de dezoito anos, voltada, também, para a renovação do ensino religioso. O objetivo é de buscar compreender os pontos de contato que entrelaçavam esses projetos, de formação de professoras-catequistas e educação das famílias, articulando-os entre si e a outro maior, voltado para a recatolicização da sociedade. As duas classes de impressos utilizadas pelo padre, livros e boletins, endereçadas às escolas e às famílias são entendidas nesta pesquisa como objetos culturais, tomados como unidades de análise em sua produção, considerando suas formas e conteúdos. As práticas educativas analisadas nesta pesquisa foram entendidas como práticas culturais que visaram estabelecer novos códigos de valores e comportamentos, criaram outras representações para o educador, associando as contribuições pedagógicas dos novos tempos aos saberes elementares da fé católica. Os dois projetos aqui analisados se complementam e apontam para a importância que a figura da mulher assumiu no trabalho de Negromonte. Fomentado no bojo da Ação Católica, o trabalho desenvolvido pelo padre passava, primeiramente, pela educação da fé das mulheres que, estivessem exercendo sua função de professoras, na escola, ou de mães, em suas casas, iam sendo formadas para atuar na vida eclesial e social brasileira. / This work deals with the pedagogical project of Monsignor Álvaro Negromonte, from a set of educational printings published between 1936 and 1964, aimed at different audiences. Recognized among his peers as one of the great leaders of the renewal of religious education in the 1930s, Álvaro Negromonte became deeply involved in the educational debates of his time, producing a wide range of educational printings aimeing as prime targets the school and the families. Organized in different formats, the printings published by Monsignor Álvaro Negromonte for teachers and families are analyzed in this research as part of a Pedagogic Library built over eighteen years, focused also to the renewal of religious teaching. The objective is to understand the points of contact that wove these projects: training of teachers, catechists and education of families, linking them to each other and the larger one, facing to re- Catholicize society. The two classes of printings used by the priest - books and newsletters - addressed to schools and families in this research are understood as cultural objects, taken as units of analysis in its production, considering its form and content. Educational practices analyzed in this study were perceived as cultural practices aimed to set new values and behavior codes, created other representations for the educator, linking the pedagogical contributions of new times to elementary knowledge of the Catholic faith. The two projects hereby analyzed are complementary and point to the importance the woman figure took in Negromontes work. Fostered under the aegis of Catholic Action, the work of the priest passed first by faith education of women that, exercising their role as teachers at school or mothers at their homes, were being trained to work in Brazil ecclesial and social life.

Este trabalho tem como horizonte a análise da produção do escritor goês Júlio Gonçalves, composta por matérias não ficcionais, tais como biografias, estudos historiográficos e crônicas, bem como por crônicas, contos e poesia. O corpus do trabalho advém, sobretudo, da revista Illustração Goana (1864-1866), que o escritor dirigia e editava. O presente estudo tem dois objetivos: tratar da imprensa literária da qual a referida publicação fez parte e analisar a produção em prosa de Júlio Gonçalves. Tendo sido o primeiro escritor goês a escrever e publicar contos, foi um dos grandes promotores das letras em Goa, podendo ser tomado como um paradigma da produção literário daquele momento. / This thesis has as its main aim the analyses of the oeuvre of the Goan writer Júlio Gonçalves, composed of non-fiction works such as biographies, historiographical studies and chronicles, as well as short stories and poetry. The corpus of the work comes, mainly, from the journal Illustração Goana (1864-1866) that Gonçalves both directed and edited. The present study has two main objectives: to deal with the literary press of which this publication was part, and to analyze the prose production of Júlio Gonçalves. Having been the first author to write and publish short stories, he was one of the great mentors of literature in Goa, and could be considered as a paradigm of the literary production of Goan literature of the time.

L’écrivain Ramón Gómez de la Serna (1888-1963) est l’auteur d’une œuvre qui introduit, en Espagne, une écriture dont la critique souligne très tôt la singularité. En 1912, il crée les Greguerías, forme littéraire brève et ludique, immédiatement commentée pour sa nouveauté mâtinée de subversion. Celle-ci se diffuse en quelques années dans la presse espagnole et reçoit un écho favorable hors des frontières de la Péninsule. Jusqu’en 1962, Ramón Gómez de la Serna publie, dans les journaux ou sous forme de volumes anthologiques, ces courts paragraphes qu’il définit comme l’union de l’humour et de la métaphore, et où il allie la recherche de la dissonance à un travail poétique sur notre perception du monde. C’est pourtant la forme tardive de la greguería qui est la mieux connue et rares sont les études qui ont posé la question de la formation littéraire de Ramón Gómez de la Serna, tant dans les lectures qui ont pu influencer l’auteur que par les choix éditoriaux qui ont présidé à la naissance des greguerías. La présente étude prétend réévaluer la situation littéraire de Ramón Gómez de la Serna dans son contexte de formation, celui des années 1910, où les modèles d’écriture et de professionnalisation, au travers d’une collaboration quotidienne aux journaux et revues de l’époque, sont les fondements esthétiques essentiels de l’œuvre future de l’écrivain. Dans ce cadre, la prose ramonienne offre alors un nouvel éclairage sur la nature plurielle et syncrétique de ce que j’ai appelé le creuset esthétique des années 1910 en Espagne. / Ramón Gómez de la Serna (1888-1963) was the author of a work that introduced in Spain a kind of writing whose singularity was very early underlined by the critics. In 1912, he created the Greguerías, a brief and playful literary form which was immediately commented on for its novelty tinged with subversion. Within a few years, that form spread throughout the Spanish press and was welcomed in a positive way outside the frontiers of the peninsula. Until 1962, Ramón Gómez de la Serna published numbers of these short paragraphs in newspapers or anthologies. He defined them as the alliance of humour and metaphor, and combined there his research into dissonance with a poetical work on our perception of the world. Yet, it is the later form of the greguería that is best known today; very few studies have focused on the literary education of Ramón Gómez de la Serna and raised the issue of the readings which may have influenced the author or o! f the editorial choices which gave birth to the greguerías. The purpose of this study is to reassess the literary position of Ramón Gómez de la Serna within the context of his training, that of the years 1910. The models of writing prevailing then and the vocational dimension the craft took on at the time — shaped by a daily collaboration with newspapers and magazines — were the essential aesthetic foundations of the writer’s future work. In this context, the Ramonian prose sheds a new light on the plural and syncretic nature of what I have called the aesthetic ferment of the years 1910 in Spain.

José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez (1737-1799) est reconnu aujourd’hui, entre autres choses, comme un des premiers journalistes, scientifiques, critiques littéraires et patriotes mexicains. Ce mémoire présente, dans un premier temps, une introduction à la vie et l’œuvre du personnage et rend compte de la réception globale de celle-ci, de 1831 à nos jours. Nous y montrons que les différents journaux d’Alzate, ses Diario literario de México (1768), Asuntos Varios sobre Ciencia y Arte (1772-1773), Observaciones sobre la física (1787-1788), et Gaceta de literatura (1788-1795), ont été étudiés principalement dans le contexte historique de la création de la nation mexicaine et que les intentions patriotiques ou proto-nationales qui lui ont été prêtées méritent d’être nuancées. Effectivement, bien qu’il ait publié plusieurs textes susceptibles de contribuer à améliorer certains domaines de l’économie américaine, tels que les activités minières, l’agriculture et les arts manuels, l’auteur révèle à travers son discours un désir de participer, au moyen de ses journaux, au mouvement scientifique européen. En ce sens, nous défendons l’hypothèse qu’Alzate ait choisi de pratiquer un type de journalisme spécifique, inspiré notamment du Journal des Sçavans (1665) et du Journal de Physique (1771-1773), qui lui permettrait de s’adresser autant à ses compatriotes, qu’aux membres de la République des Lettres. Nous présentons une étude comparative des similarités qui existent entre les publications d’Alzate et les deux journaux français ci-haut mentionnés, notamment en ce qui concerne les buts énoncés par leurs éditeurs ainsi que les modalités discursives et les thèmes qui les caractérisent. Dans le même ordre d’idée, nous soutenons que les publications d’Alzate présentent plusieurs des éléments clés qui définissent les journaux savants produits en Europe durant le dix-huitième siècle selon les études réalisées par Jean-Pierre Vittu. Enfin, nous expliquons comment le modèle du «journal savant» a été adapté par Alzate aux particularités de la Nouvelle-Espagne. Nous abordons, entre autres, les questions de la censure, de la critique et du manque de ressources financières dont il a souffert, facteurs qui, selon nos études, ont façonné l’entreprise du personnage. D’autre part, nous analysons les attitudes scientifiques adoptées par Alzate en tant que membre de la République des Lettres. Nous examinons aussi les principales sources de savoir qu’il a préconisées en tant qu’auteur afin d’accomplir certains devoirs propres aux membres de cette communauté. / José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez is known for being one of the first Mexican journalists, scientists, literary critics and insurgents. The first chapter of this thesis offers a concise presentation of the author’s life and work and an overall review of the studies that were made of his Diario literario de México (1768), Asuntos varios sobre ciencias y artes (1772-1773), Observaciones sobre la física, historia natural y artes útiles (1787-1788) and Gaceta de literatura de México (1788-1795), from the year 1831 until this day. This work shows that his four newspapers have been studied mainly within the historical context of the creation of the Mexican nation and it demonstrates that the patriotic or proto-national intentions that were attributed to him deserve to be reconsidered. This thesis demonstrates that Alzate chose to produce a particular type of journalism somewhat similar to the French Journal des Sçavans (1665-1683) and Journal de Physique (1771-1773) that would allow him to contribute personally to the progress of science. Up to this day, no important study has been made comparing the prestigious French journals and Alzate’s publications. We are taking a first step in this direction as we highlight how his project appears to have been directly inspired by the two French periodicals, comparing the goals their editors shared and the subjects they explored. It will also be shown that Alzate’s periodicals present the essential elements that define most of the learned journals (“journaux savants”) published in Europe during the eighteenth century, as defined by Jean-Pierre Vittu. Finally, this thesis illustrates how Alzate adapted the model of the “journal savant” to the particularities of the society of New Spain. It focuses on the subjects of censorship, criticism and the lack of financial or institutional support that the Mexican journalist had to deal with. It also clarifies Alzate’s scientific attitudes as an author by examining his objective of belonging to the universal Republic of Letters and the specific purposes that its members were trying to achieve. It also presents a new definition of Alzate’s global scientific vision and explores the sources of knowledge he considered to be valuable in order to accomplish his goals as a “savant”. / José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez es reconocido hoy como uno de los primeros periodistas, científicos, críticos literarios y hasta “insurgentes” mexicanos. En primer lugar, ofrecemos una breve presentación de la vida y obra del autor y damos cuenta de la recepción general que tuvieron sus Diario literario de México (1768), Asuntos varios sobre ciencias y artes (1772-1773), Observaciones sobre la física, historia natural y artes útiles (1787-1788) y Gaceta de literatura de México (1788-1795), desde 1831 hasta nuestros días. Damos a entender, entre otras cosas, que la obra de nuestro personaje ha sido estudiada principalmente dentro del contexto histórico nacional mexicano y que las intenciones patrióticas que se le han prestado merecen ser matizadas. Por nuestra parte, preferimos analizar sus publicaciones e intenciones en relación con su sentimiento de pertenencia a la República de las Letras. En este sentido, en el segundo apartado de nuestra memoria, demostramos que Alzate eligió practicar un tipo de periodismo, inspirado principalmente en el Journal des Sçavans (1665-1683) y el Journal de Physique (1771-1773), que le permitiera participar personalmente en el progreso de la Ciencia. Hasta el momento, no se había hecho ningún trabajo comparativo entre las principales publicaciones sabias francesas y los papeles que produjo Alzate. Damos, pues, un primer paso en esta dirección y señalamos en qué manera se asemejan dichas publicaciones, sobre todo en cuanto a propósitos, contenido y modalidades discursivas. Mostramos, pues, que los papeles periódicos publicados por el novohispano presentan muchos de los elementos fundamentales que caracterizan, según Jean-Pierre Vittu, al “papel periódico sabio” europeo. Luego, ilustramos cómo dicho género de periodismo fue adaptado por Alzate a las particularidades de la sociedad colonial novohispana. Abordamos los temas de la censura, de la crítica y de la falta de recursos económicos que constituyeron los principales obstáculos que nuestro publicista enfrentó a lo largo de su carrera. Volvemos también a definir las actitudes científicas manifestadas por Alzate como productor de saber en función de su sentimiento de pertenencia a la República de las Letras y de los deberes que buscaron cumplir sus miembros. Redefinimos, pues, la visión científica global que adoptó y las fuentes de saber que consideró válidas.

The master thesis Periodical Press in the Kutná Hora Region during the period 1918 - 1948 focuses on the changes of the structure of periodical press in the Kutná Hora region in the specified time range. First, the definition of the Kutná Hora region with its demographic and geographic characteristics is provided. As the structure of the periodical press in the Kutná Hora region during the era of the First Republic was based on the situation before the First World War, the landscape of the media of the Kutná Hora region before 1918 is described. Kutná Hora region had been already rich in periodical press of political parties as well as the press of non-political organizations in that time and the same situation applies also for the interwar period. After the Munich agreement until the beginning of the occupation of Czechoslovakia the structure of the political press was changing at first and finally all the periodicals of political parties ceased to exist. By the march 1943, also the press of the non-political organization disappeared. In 1945 the richness of the prewar periodical press situation was not renewed. Most of the political parties shifted their weekly newspapers away from the Kutná Hora region and the non-political organizations were not allowed to publish their magazine due to the lack of...

Diploma thesis named Periodicals in Frenštát pod Radhoštěm in the 1st half of 20th century describes press developmental changes issued in Frenštát pod Radhoštěm. Firstly, thesis characterizes what kind of press has been issued in Frenštát, what was in its content, who was the target group and how the press reflected current issues. Thesis is divided into three historical parts according to global political issues and changes in press trends. Mentioned three parts are the periods between 1900 -1918, 1918 - 1945, 1945 - 1950, when the press trends had been changing step by step from popularity of the local press and magazines expansion, towards political press and establishing of company magazine. All this changes are reflected on the background of town and global history. The reader is in introduction briefly acquainted with the town history, its cultural wealth, famous persons, development of the local clubs and industry. Secondly follows the main part of the thesis, where is in detail described particular types of newspapers in mentioned time periods. Part of the thesis is quantitative content analysis of two chosen newspapers with aim to determinate, what were the topics, in what range, who was the target group and what type of news was dominating: local, nationwide or global.

José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez (1737-1799) est reconnu aujourd’hui, entre autres choses, comme un des premiers journalistes, scientifiques, critiques littéraires et patriotes mexicains. Ce mémoire présente, dans un premier temps, une introduction à la vie et l’œuvre du personnage et rend compte de la réception globale de celle-ci, de 1831 à nos jours. Nous y montrons que les différents journaux d’Alzate, ses Diario literario de México (1768), Asuntos Varios sobre Ciencia y Arte (1772-1773), Observaciones sobre la física (1787-1788), et Gaceta de literatura (1788-1795), ont été étudiés principalement dans le contexte historique de la création de la nation mexicaine et que les intentions patriotiques ou proto-nationales qui lui ont été prêtées méritent d’être nuancées. Effectivement, bien qu’il ait publié plusieurs textes susceptibles de contribuer à améliorer certains domaines de l’économie américaine, tels que les activités minières, l’agriculture et les arts manuels, l’auteur révèle à travers son discours un désir de participer, au moyen de ses journaux, au mouvement scientifique européen. En ce sens, nous défendons l’hypothèse qu’Alzate ait choisi de pratiquer un type de journalisme spécifique, inspiré notamment du Journal des Sçavans (1665) et du Journal de Physique (1771-1773), qui lui permettrait de s’adresser autant à ses compatriotes, qu’aux membres de la République des Lettres. Nous présentons une étude comparative des similarités qui existent entre les publications d’Alzate et les deux journaux français ci-haut mentionnés, notamment en ce qui concerne les buts énoncés par leurs éditeurs ainsi que les modalités discursives et les thèmes qui les caractérisent. Dans le même ordre d’idée, nous soutenons que les publications d’Alzate présentent plusieurs des éléments clés qui définissent les journaux savants produits en Europe durant le dix-huitième siècle selon les études réalisées par Jean-Pierre Vittu. Enfin, nous expliquons comment le modèle du «journal savant» a été adapté par Alzate aux particularités de la Nouvelle-Espagne. Nous abordons, entre autres, les questions de la censure, de la critique et du manque de ressources financières dont il a souffert, facteurs qui, selon nos études, ont façonné l’entreprise du personnage. D’autre part, nous analysons les attitudes scientifiques adoptées par Alzate en tant que membre de la République des Lettres. Nous examinons aussi les principales sources de savoir qu’il a préconisées en tant qu’auteur afin d’accomplir certains devoirs propres aux membres de cette communauté. / José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez is known for being one of the first Mexican journalists, scientists, literary critics and insurgents. The first chapter of this thesis offers a concise presentation of the author’s life and work and an overall review of the studies that were made of his Diario literario de México (1768), Asuntos varios sobre ciencias y artes (1772-1773), Observaciones sobre la física, historia natural y artes útiles (1787-1788) and Gaceta de literatura de México (1788-1795), from the year 1831 until this day. This work shows that his four newspapers have been studied mainly within the historical context of the creation of the Mexican nation and it demonstrates that the patriotic or proto-national intentions that were attributed to him deserve to be reconsidered. This thesis demonstrates that Alzate chose to produce a particular type of journalism somewhat similar to the French Journal des Sçavans (1665-1683) and Journal de Physique (1771-1773) that would allow him to contribute personally to the progress of science. Up to this day, no important study has been made comparing the prestigious French journals and Alzate’s publications. We are taking a first step in this direction as we highlight how his project appears to have been directly inspired by the two French periodicals, comparing the goals their editors shared and the subjects they explored. It will also be shown that Alzate’s periodicals present the essential elements that define most of the learned journals (“journaux savants”) published in Europe during the eighteenth century, as defined by Jean-Pierre Vittu. Finally, this thesis illustrates how Alzate adapted the model of the “journal savant” to the particularities of the society of New Spain. It focuses on the subjects of censorship, criticism and the lack of financial or institutional support that the Mexican journalist had to deal with. It also clarifies Alzate’s scientific attitudes as an author by examining his objective of belonging to the universal Republic of Letters and the specific purposes that its members were trying to achieve. It also presents a new definition of Alzate’s global scientific vision and explores the sources of knowledge he considered to be valuable in order to accomplish his goals as a “savant”. / José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez es reconocido hoy como uno de los primeros periodistas, científicos, críticos literarios y hasta “insurgentes” mexicanos. En primer lugar, ofrecemos una breve presentación de la vida y obra del autor y damos cuenta de la recepción general que tuvieron sus Diario literario de México (1768), Asuntos varios sobre ciencias y artes (1772-1773), Observaciones sobre la física, historia natural y artes útiles (1787-1788) y Gaceta de literatura de México (1788-1795), desde 1831 hasta nuestros días. Damos a entender, entre otras cosas, que la obra de nuestro personaje ha sido estudiada principalmente dentro del contexto histórico nacional mexicano y que las intenciones patrióticas que se le han prestado merecen ser matizadas. Por nuestra parte, preferimos analizar sus publicaciones e intenciones en relación con su sentimiento de pertenencia a la República de las Letras. En este sentido, en el segundo apartado de nuestra memoria, demostramos que Alzate eligió practicar un tipo de periodismo, inspirado principalmente en el Journal des Sçavans (1665-1683) y el Journal de Physique (1771-1773), que le permitiera participar personalmente en el progreso de la Ciencia. Hasta el momento, no se había hecho ningún trabajo comparativo entre las principales publicaciones sabias francesas y los papeles que produjo Alzate. Damos, pues, un primer paso en esta dirección y señalamos en qué manera se asemejan dichas publicaciones, sobre todo en cuanto a propósitos, contenido y modalidades discursivas. Mostramos, pues, que los papeles periódicos publicados por el novohispano presentan muchos de los elementos fundamentales que caracterizan, según Jean-Pierre Vittu, al “papel periódico sabio” europeo. Luego, ilustramos cómo dicho género de periodismo fue adaptado por Alzate a las particularidades de la sociedad colonial novohispana. Abordamos los temas de la censura, de la crítica y de la falta de recursos económicos que constituyeron los principales obstáculos que nuestro publicista enfrentó a lo largo de su carrera. Volvemos también a definir las actitudes científicas manifestadas por Alzate como productor de saber en función de su sentimiento de pertenencia a la República de las Letras y de los deberes que buscaron cumplir sus miembros. Redefinimos, pues, la visión científica global que adoptó y las fuentes de saber que consideró válidas.

O período histórico iniciado no Brasil com a Abdicação de D. Pedro I foi de reconfiguração do Estado e de constituição de uma determinada idéia de nação que se pretendia propriamente brasileira. Naqueles anos extremamente conflituados, os grupos de elite das várias províncias disputaram a primazia da liderança do processo, divididos entre diferentes concepções de arranjo institucional, além dos vínculos que determinavam uma maior ou menor aproximação com o governo central e a Corte. No Rio Grande do Sul, tal situação culminou na Revolução Farroupilha, evento que, por dez anos, cindiu a província. Um dos elementos fundamentais das disputas era a imprensa periódica, especialmente ativa em tempos conflagrados como aquele, no Brasil e no mundo. Neste contexto, os jornais da época, mais do que meros instrumentos, eram, em conjunto, constituintes de uma arena específica de debates, fundamental na formação de uma incipiente opinião pública. A partir do reconhecimento desta relevância, a tese analisa a imprensa sul-rio-grandense avaliada como legalista, isto é, por contraposição às folhas farroupilhas e/ou simpatizantes, no período compreendido entre 1831 e 1845. Objetiva-se destacar o trabalho de formulação e divulgação da defesa da unidade e integridade, salientando a posição de uma parcela da elite da província que via na aproximação com o centro o meio mais favorável de garantir a sua própria posição. Para tanto, sustentava uma visão particular da construção do Estado, na qual conceitos fundamentais do debate político – tais como república, federalismo, império e nação – eram analisados em função da sua adequação a um projeto mais amplo. Centrando a atenção nos usos de alguns destes conceitos, balizadores dos debates, o trabalho analisa as peculiaridades de um discurso que, ao final, foi hegemônico no decorrer do século XIX. Sem deixar de apontar para um futuro de progresso, quase que uma imposição dos tempos, a retórica centralista necessitaria contemplar também a garantia de segurança social exigida por uma concepção de nação que buscava enquadrar uma sociedade heterogênea e hierárquica. / The historical period which began in Brazil with the Abdication of Dom Pedro I was a time of reconfiguring the state and of the constitution a certain idea of nation that was intended to be specifically Brazilian. In those extremely conflictive years, elite groups of the various provinces disputed the primacy of the leadership of the process, torn between different conceptions of institutional arrangements, beyond the ties that determined a greater or lesser proximity to the central government and the Court. In Rio Grande do Sul, this situation culminated with the Farroupilha Revolution, an event that, for ten years, split the province. A fundamental element of the disputes was the periodical press, especially active in those warring times, in Brazil and in the rest of the world. In this context, the newspapers, more than mere instruments, were, when taken together, creators of a specific arena of debates, fundamental to the formation of an incipient public opinion. Recognizing this importance, the thesis examines the southern press evaluated as legalistic, that is, opposed to the papers of the farroupilhas or sympathizers, in the period between 1831 and 1845. It aims to highlight the work of the formulation and dissemination of a defense of the unity and integrity of the nation, stressing the position of a parcel of the elite, which saw the approximation with the center the more favorable way to ensure its own position. To this end, it sustained a particular view of state-building, in which basic concepts of the political debate - such as a republic, federalism, nation and empire - were analyzed in terms of their suitability to a wider project. Focusing on the uses of some of these concepts, beacons for the discussions, the paper analyzes the peculiarities of a discourse that, in the end, was hegemonic during the nineteenth century. While pointing to a future of progress, almost an imposition of the times, the centralist rhetoric also needed to include the guarantee of a social security required by a conception of nation that sought to frame a heterogeneous and hierarchical society.