The study addresses the limited and fragmented approaches of consumer behaviour studies in the existing literature and a lack of comprehensive integrated theoretical models of online consumer behaviour. The aim of the study is to propose a conceptual integrated theoretical model for online consumer behaviour which suggests a deviation from the existing purchasing approaches to consumer behaviour - hence a move towards an understanding of consumer behaviour in terms of two new approaches, namely the web-based communication exposure and internal psychological behavioural processes approaches, is proposed. The study addresses two main research problems, namely that inadequate knowledge and information exist on online consumers’ behavioural processes, especially their internal psychological behavioural processes during their exposure to web-based communication messages and their progression through the complete web-based communication experience; and that there is no conceptual integrated theoretical model for online consumer behaviour in the literature. This study, firstly, allows for systematic theoretical exploration, description, interpretation and integration of existing literature and theory on offline and online consumer behaviour including the following: theoretical perspectives and approaches; determinants; decision making; consumer information processing and response; and theoretical foundations. This systematic theoretical exploration and description of consumer behaviour literature and theory commences with the contextualisation and proposal of a new definition, perspective and theoretical approaches to online consumer behaviour; the discussion and analysis of the theory of the determinants of consumer behaviour; the discussion and analysis of decision-making theory; the proposition of a new online information decision-making perspective and model; the discussion and analysis of consumer information-processing and response theory and models; the discussion and analysis of the theoretical foundations of consumer behaviour; and the identification of theoretical criteria for online consumer behaviour. Declaration – acknowledgements - abstract Secondly, the study develops a conceptual integrated theoretical model for online consumer behaviour, thereby theoretically grounding online consumer behavioural processes in the context of internal psychological behavioural processes and exposure to web-based communication messages. It is hence posited that the study provides a more precise understanding of online consumers’ complicated internal cognitive and psychological behavioural processes in their interactive search for and experience of online web-based communication and information, which can be seen as a major contribution to the field of study. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)

South Africa and the rest of the world currently face an exacerbating threat of environmental degradation, which can be partly ascribed to the fact that some parts of society still place economic growth as a priority over environmental conservation. This study shows that such an approach is only profitable over the short term and actually causes more harm than good. On the other hand, the world is still recovering from the major 2008 global financial crisis. To tip the scale back into balance, it is crucial that economic -, social -, and environmental development be sustainable; from now and into the future. This study recognises that, to achieve sustainable development at all three levels, a transition to a green economy is needed. In essence a green economy requires investment in the environment for the benefit of both society and the economy. This study then goes on to show that ecotourism can be used as a manner to invest in the environment, whilst at the same time uplifting society and improving the economy. Subsequently it is identified as a key driver of a green economy. However, a daunting reality is that ecotourism developments and - activities also threaten the environment. This study therefore argues that ecotourism has to be regulated effectively; otherwise it will not live up to its purpose and may, as a result, curtail South Africa’s efforts of a transition to a green economy, instead of positively contributing to it. This study asks the question: Does South Africa’s environmental legislation provide for the effective regulation of ecotourism? This question is answered by considering whether various relevant pieces of national environmental legislation measure up to certain criteria that is inherent to the effective regulation of ecotourism. Finally this study serves to show that; from an environmental law perspective, and to the extent that this study investigated the ecotourism environment, ecotourism as a phenomenon is regulated effectively in South Africa. However, it appears that there still remains tremendous scope for improvement. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

A saúde é direito fundamental, garantidor da adequada formação, desenvolvimento e preservação da vida, pressuposto da dignidade da pessoa humana, com capacidade de influir para o qualificado desfrute dos demais direitos. Tanto assim que as ações e os serviços sanitários, na complexa realidade social e no campo constitucional, são reconhecidos como de relevância pública. Essas circunstâncias obrigam o Estado (gênero) a atuar diligentemente em prol da gestão, prestação e regulação desse direito, a fim de que possa ser assegurado de modo universal, equitativo e integral a todos. Ademais, justifica ser eficazmente protegido e operacionalizado mediante políticas públicas, a bem do interesse de cada indivíduo e da coletividade. Essa conjuntura, somada à necessidade de receber enfoque democrático, obriga que a tutela da saúde seja trabalhada através de postura transdisciplinar para a prevalência de justa resposta sanitária, em proximidade com a verdade e sem que o sistema jurídico e o microssistema jurídico-sanitário percam suas identidades no contato indispensável com outros sistemas. Tais aspectos reforçam a indispensabilidade de o Ministério Público funcionar como colaborador capaz de construtivamente proteger o direito à saúde. Todavia, a atuação da instituição em prol da saúde permanece aquém das obrigações constitucionais que lhe foram destinadas e abaixo das expectativas prevalentes no ambiente social. Por isso, não escapa de críticas e necessita adotar providências, no intuito de, concretamente, assegurar-lhe eficácia jurídica e social. Este trabalho objetiva contribuir para que a saúde pública e sua tutela através do Ministério Público sejam melhor compreendidas, organizadas, planejadas, estruturadas e executadas ainda no campo extrajudicial. Utiliza da fenomenologia, de fatores histórico-axiológicos, do rigor linguístico e do perspectivismo de José Ortega Y Gasset para alcançar esses propósitos. Propõe que o direito à saúde e as políticas correspondentes sejam tutelados pelo Ministério Público a partir: i) de seu atuar conjuntivo e cooperado; ii) da prática da humanização cidadã; iii) de postura baseada na ressignificação e reinicialização de seus atos; iv) do desempenho de funções setoriais e regionais; v) do reconhecimento e valorização de seus membros, quando intervirem de modo operoso; vi) da racionalização de seu agir; vii) da implantação e alimentação de banco de dados nacional e estaduais; viii) da definição de posições amparadas em ponderação criteriosa; ix) do funcionamento norteado pela resolutividade orientadora do sistema público de saúde e x) da busca de auxílio na biomimética, quando possível. / Health is a fundamental right, guarantor of adequate formation, development and preservation of life, a prerequisite for the dignity of the human person, with the capacity to influence the qualified enjoyment of other rights. So much so that health actions and services, in the complex social reality and in the constitutional field, are recognized as of public relevance. These circumstances oblige the State (gender) to act diligently for the management, provision and regulation of this right, so that it can be ensured in a universal, equitable and integral manner to all. In addition, they justify being effectively protected and operationalized through public policies, in the interests of each individual and the community. This conjuncture, coupled with the need to receive a democratic approach, obliges health care to be worked through transdisciplinary posture to the prevalence of a just health response, in close proximity to the truth, and without the legal system and the legal-sanitary micro-system losing their identities in the indispensable contact with other systems. These aspects reinforce the indispensability of the Ministério Público (Public Prosecution Service) to function as a collaborator capable of constructively protecting it. However, the institution\'s action in favor of health remains below of the constitutional obligations and down of expectations prevalent in the social environment. Therefore, it does not escape criticism and needs to take measures, in order to concretely ensure legal and social effectiveness. This work aims to contribute to public health and its your protection through the Ministério Público are better understood, organized, planned, structured and executed still in the extrajudicial field. It uses phenomenology, historical-axiological factors, linguistic rigor and the perspectivism of José Ortega Y Gasset to achieve these purposes. Proposes that the right to health and the corresponding policies be protect by the Ministério Público from: i) its your conjunctive and cooperative activity; ii) the practice of citizen humanization; iii) of posture based on the re-signification and reinitialization of its acts; iv) the performance of sectoral and regional functions; v) recognition and appreciation of its members, when they intervene in an efficient way; vi) the rationalization of its action; vii) the implantation and feeding of national and state database; (viii) the definition of positions supported by careful balancing; ix) the activity guided by resolutiveness advisor of the public health system and x) the search for biomimetic assistance, when possible.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GER - SILA ZUGMAN CALDERONI.pdf: 4541296 bytes, checksum: 5c4af17a5a9270efacb3e402c9cded1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-09 / The contact with someone s old age mobilizes personal contents in middle-aged professionals dealing with the elderly, which produces effects on these professionals´ own lives. This research aimed at examining in what ways Masters in Gerontology conceive and perceive their own ageing process and future old age in the light of their personal and professional experiences. Interviews were carried out with Masters from the Post-graduate Studies Program in Social Gerontology, at PUC-SP, in the 40-60 age group and working in the area of Gerontology. Through a qualitative approach, the interviews were open and organized in a matricial reading for subsequent interpretation. This study has shown that the interviewees contact with the ageing process and the perspective of their own old age is a source of tension. Although they can already notice signs of ageing in themselves, they have not yet fully realized any limitations in their daily lives, despite half of the professionals interviewed having referred to a feeling of discomfort as a result of the awareness that they will eventually move into the aged population group themselves. Personal and professional experiences, all sorts of crises and suffering which these Masters in Gerontology have been through play a major role in the views and feelings they have towards their own ageing process. Paradoxically, they imagine themselves growing old, but without the limitations that old age brings. The knowledge acquired by the professionals interviewed associated with professional work contributed not only to reduce anguish in relation to their own future but also to produce changes in their daily practices, consequently helping improve their present life and future old age / O contato com a velhice do outro mobiliza conteúdos pessoais naqueles que se encontram na meia-idade e trabalham com idosos, o que repercute sobre suas vidas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar como os Mestres em Gerontologia pensam e sentem o próprio processo de envelhecimento e futura velhice à luz de seu percurso pessoal e profissional. Entrevistei Mestres, titulados pelo Programa de Estudos Pós Graduados em Gerontologia Social, da PUC-SP, que atuam profissionalmente na área da Gerontologia e se situam na faixa etária entre 40 e 60 anos. Numa abordagem qualitativa, utilizei entrevistas abertas, organizadas numa leitura matricial para posterior interpretação. O estudo revelou que o contato dos entrevistados com o processo de envelhecimento e a perspectiva da própria velhice constitui-se em fonte de tensão. Reconhecem em si sinais de envelhecimento, mas ainda não percebem, em sua plenitude, restrições em seus cotidianos, embora a metade dos entrevistados já refira a sensação de incômodo em face dessa consciência. O percurso pessoal e profissional, as crises e os sofrimentos vividos, permeiam as visões e sentimentos que os Mestres em Gerontologia, na meia-idade, têm em relação ao seu próprio processo de envelhecimento e futura velhice. Paradoxalmente, sem perceber, imaginam-se idosos, até longevos, mas sem as limitações da idade avançada. Os conhecimentos adquiridos pelos estudos agregados ao trabalho profissional contribuíram para acalmar angústias em relação ao próprio futuro e modificar práticas quotidianas, tendo a função de contribuir para melhorar o presente e a futura velhice

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The target of this diploma work is to provide the view of up to now development and present condition of economy relations between EU and Brasil (consequently between Czech Republic and Brasil), to describe and sum up the status of these relations and to point out the agents complicating the given cooperation. From the point of view of content the work is sectionalized into 5 chapters. The first one characterizes the economy of Brasil, the basic economy markers trends and the Brasil's fortes and weaknesses. The following 2 chapters tackle the juridical ambit of billateral EU and Brasil co-operation, agreements to govern their relationship, the analysis of the goods and services barter, direct foreign investments and protective restrains complicating the business. The content of the chapter No. 4 is the mutual EU - Brasil relations decsription in regard of their acting in wider aggregations, specifically in WTO and Mercosure. The last chapter is focused on the mutual czech and brasilian trade relations characteristic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscilla Junqueira.pdf: 3264123 bytes, checksum: 09131a3221fe7f7c45257a57ba1e2002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-25 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research is inserted in the Applied Linguistic area and intends to investigate the perspectives of the student of one public school with regard to work with proposed exercises of English language in the Student Book from the São Paulo State Education Secretariat. The sorts of exercises covered in this study are centered in grammar, which is included in language conception, and in team work. The educational context comprised is based on the São Paulo State Modern Foreign Language Curriculum, English, (SÃO PAULO, 2010), with the addition of the Student Book (SÃO PAULO, 2009a) and the Teacher Book (SÃO PAULO, 2009b). The theoretical axis is mainly based in Vigotski (1934/1991; 1934/2008) and his Social- Historical-Cultural vision. It is complemented with Koch (2003), Travaglia (1995/2005), Larsen-Freeman (2003) and Celce-Murcia (2008) for language and grammar concerns and Magalhães (2009) for team work concern. Methodologically, this research fits in a case study (STAKE, 1995; YIN, 2001) of interpretative qualitative type that uses a questionnaire (NUNAN, 1992) and an interview (RUBIN & RUBIN, 2005) as data gathering instruments. I identified ten different perspectives of students about English learning in the context of this research. The analysis of the results showed that there are some established principles in the Curriculum and in the Teacher Book which permeate the Student Book, as seen in the identified perspectives of students of English learning based on grammar, the team work positive consideration, and their collaborative role for colleagues learning. In other hand, some other perspectives showed that there are divergences between the orientation inside the Curriculum and Teacher Book and the manner how the exercises are presented in the Student Book and worked in classroom, such as the lack of activities of speaking and listening or that is only possible to learn the idiom by means of training and repetitions, as perceived by the students / Esta pesquisa está inserida na área da Linguística Aplicada e tem por objetivo investigar as perspectivas do aluno de uma escola pública em relação ao trabalho com os exercícios de língua inglesa propostos no Caderno do Aluno da Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo (3° ano do Ensino Médio - volume 3). Os tipos de exercícios abordados neste estudo centram-se na gramática, que está inserida na concepção de linguagem, e no trabalho em equipe. O contexto educacional compreendido se baseia no Currículo de Língua Estrangeira Moderna, Inglês, do Estado de São Paulo (SÃO PAULO, 2010), e tem como aportes o Caderno do Aluno (SÃO PAULO, 2009a) e o Caderno do Professor (SÃO PAULO, 2009b). O eixo teórico adotado se fundamenta principalmente em Vigotski (1934/1991; 1934/2008) e sua visão Sócio-Histórico-Cultural. Em complemento, recorre-se a Koch (2003), Travaglia (1995/2005), Larsen-Freeman (2003) e Celce-Murcia (2008) em se tratando de linguagem e gramática; e a Magalhães (2009) para abordar o trabalho em equipe. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa se enquadra num estudo de caso (STAKE, 1995; YIN, 2001) de cunho qualitativo interpretativista, que se utiliza de questionário (NUNAN, 1992) e de entrevista (RUBIN & RUBIN, 2005) como instrumentos de coleta de dados. Foram identificadas dez diferentes perspectivas dos alunos em relação à aprendizagem de inglês neste contexto de pesquisa. Os resultados da análise mostraram que há alguns princípios estabelecidos no Currículo e no Caderno do Professor que permeiam as atividades do Caderno do Aluno, conforme se verifica nas perspectivas dos alunos identificadas: de que se aprende inglês com as atividades de gramática, de que consideram positivo o trabalho em equipe, e de que eles contribuem para a aprendizagem de seus colegas. Por outro lado, algumas outras perspectivas apontam que há uma divergência entre as orientações que estão no Currículo e no Caderno do Professor e a maneira como os exercícios são apresentados no Caderno do Aluno e trabalhados em sala de aula, como a de que os alunos sentem falta de atividades que contemplem as habilidades de speaking (falar) e listening (escutar), ou de que só é possível aprender o idioma por meio de treinos e repetições

Le système des fondations en Allemagne et en France présente des différences. En France, la fondation se limite à la poursuite des fins d’utilité publique. En Allemagne, le droit de fondation requiert la création d’une organe indépendant de l’État. La France compte en 2010 un total de Fondations et Fonds de dotation de 2 264 unités, en Allemagne 18 162 fondations de droit privé étaient enregistrées. Favorisé par des privilèges fiscaux, l’Allemagne a connu dans la dernière décade de nombreuses créations de fondations privées. Il en résulte une multiplication des types de fondations qui entraîne une hétérogénéité du secteur. La question de la légitimité des fondations se pose. Les fondations doivent se considérer comme faisant partie de la société civile. En France, c’est l’État qui répond à la question de la légitimité des fondations. Les fonds de dotation apportent-ils une solution? / The system of foundations in Germany and France manifests obvious differences. In France a foundation is limited by definition to public charity, in Germany the legal status of a foundation is an independent body. In 2010 there are 2 264 foundations and fonds de dotation in France, while 18 162 foundations of private law were registered in Germany. Receiving a range of fiscal benefits, the creation of foundations of private law has boomed in Germany in the past decade, thus leading to a multiformity of the sector. The question of legitimacy of foundations will arise. Foundations should see themselves as part of the civil society. In France, the state will have to solve the question of trust of foundations. Will the institut of the fonds de dotation bring a solution?

As of 2018, approximately 442,995 children are in the foster care system in the United States according to the federal statistics from the Children’s Bureau. Entry into the foster system involves the removal of children from their home, making it a traumatic experience. The purpose of this study was to examine social workers’ perceptions of what trauma informed practice means and what it looks like in child welfare removals. The study also clarifies what trauma informed practice (TIP) is and how it can be applied in child welfare’s organizational structure. This was a qualitative study in which child welfare social workers from southern California agencies were interviewed. Interviews with experienced child welfare workers revealed many themes including the complexities of workers’ experiences during removals, the impact of removals on workers, social workers’ perceptions on TIP and suggestions on how to make removals more trauma informed for children. The findings from this project identified ways trauma may be minimized during detainment procedures in child welfare. All participants voiced that they felt the trauma informed removal (TIR) PowerPoint guide was beneficial to their learning and practice and that a training with this guide would be ideal for their agencies. Additionally, the findings shed light on the need for future research on creating a more trauma informed child welfare system and the need for policy implementation and or change.

First-hand narrative accounts of participants’ experiences during outdoor programmes are notably absent from the outdoor education literature. This thesis reports on an exploratory study which applied a creative qualitative approach called photo-elicitation interviews to gather student accounts about the ways in which they experienced an outdoor education programme known as ‘school camp’. A group of Year 10 (14-15 years old) students attending secondary school in Christchurch, New Zealand, participated in this study, and were provided with 27-exposure, disposable cameras on which they were asked to take a series of photographs to demonstrate what a residential school camp was like for them. Follow-up, individual photo-elicitation interviews with the 32 self-selected respondents (21 female, 11 male), revealed that school camp is primarily an enjoyable, social experience where students are able to spend time with their friends and develop their peer networks in a unique environment. From the perspective of these students, school camp primarily contributed to developing a greater understanding of others, while developing greater understandings of the self and the environment were less salient. A greater understanding of others was achieved primarily through the ways in which school camp created an enjoyable, novel, experience which allowed students to see their peers from a different, more ‘real’ perspective. Aspects of this novel experience which contributed to students’ social interactions included the residential nature of these camps and the absence of ‘urban’ features associated with teenage culture such as mobile phones, clothing and make-up. Interestingly, students’ camp experiences included little specific reference to the natural environment; a finding which challenges recent discourses advocating for a shift towards a more critical outdoor education aiming to promote human-nature relationships. The use of photo-elicitation interviews in this context is critically examined. Providing students with cameras was an effective way to engage young people in academic research and to capture important aspects of the outdoor experience from their perspective. To better assess the utility of the technique, it warrants further application in other outdoor education contexts. The inclusion of participant-generated photographs, however, raises several research ethics issues. This study contributes to the growing body of qualitative literature seeking to provide a more in-depth understanding of outdoor education and complements the quantitative studies which predominate in the field.