O processo de projeto tem importante papel na geração de valor, pois define o produto de forma que este atenda às necessidades do cliente. No entanto, o planejamento e controle deste processo na indústria da construção são, em geral, informais e ineficazes. Estes problemas tendem a ser mais graves em empreendimentos rápidos e complexos, quando envolvem sistemas pré-fabricados, normalmente caracterizados como sistemas do tipo engineer-to-order (ETO). Visando a aprimorar o processo de projeto, muitas empresas tem implementado conceitos e princípios da produção enxuta, podendo ser destacado o uso do Sistema Last Planner (SLP), que contribui para proteger a produção da variabilidade do processo, assim como para eliminá-la. O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de planejamento e controle de projetos em empresas que projetam, fabricam e montam sistemas pré-fabricados, com características de sistema de produção do tipo ETO. Foi realizado um estudo empírico no setor de projetos de empresa de sistemas construtivos metálicos, com sede na Região Sul do Brasil. Inicialmente, o SLP foi implementado em duas equipes de projeto, sendo refinado e adaptado ao contexto da empresa. Depois, o SLP refinado foi implementado em outras quatro equipes. Como principais contribuições destacam-se o papel do modelo proposto no aumento da transparência de processos e na melhoria da confiabilidade deste processo, possibilitando o planejamento integrado entre as equipes de projeto. O modelo pode ser aplicado a sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo ETO, não somente no contexto de sistemas construtivos metálicos, mas em equipes de projetos que desenvolvem múltiplos projetos simultaneamente. / The design process plays an important role in value generation, since it defines the products that must meet customer needs. However, design planning and control in the construction industry are often informal and ineffective. This problem tends to bring serious consequences, especially in fast and complex projects that involve prefabricated building systems, normally defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) environments. In order to improve the design process, several companies have implemented lean production concepts and principles, and especially the Last Planner System (LPS) for production control, which shields production from upstream variability as well as contributes for reducing it. The aim of this study is to propose a model for planning and controlling the design process in companies that design, manufacture and assemble prefabricated ETO building systems. An empirical study was carried out is the design department of a steel fabricator based in Southern Brazil. Initially, LPS was implemented in two design teams, being refined and adapted to the context of the company. Then, the existing LPS was implemented in four other design teams. The main contributions of this investigation is the role of the proposed model in increasing process transparency and improving the reliability of the design process, making it possible to produce an integrated plan for the whole design department. This model is not limited to steel fabricators, but is applicable to any ETO prefabricated building systems, in which design teams carry out multiple design projects simultaneously.

This thesis describes a research investigation into the implementation of the Last Planner System (LPS) in Nigeria, to improve construction processes within the Nigerian construction industry. LPS is known to be the most developed practical use of Lean Construction. It focuses on minimising the negative impacts of variability, uncertainties, buffers, making projects more predictable, creating reliable work plans and convalescing collaborative planning. However, the Nigerian construction industry is associated with a number of challenges which impair its performance. These challenges were grouped and classified into six major barriers: these include: supervision and quality control, fluctuation and variations, subcontractor involvement, resistance to change, cultural issues, and lengthy approvals. Consequently, a Design Science Research (DSR) approach is adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing LPS in construction projects in Nigeria. In order to achieve this aim, an Action Research strategy is adopted and three case studies are reported; two of these cases describe how LPS was successfully implemented in construction projects within Nigeria. While the third case involved an investigation into the state of production plan reliability, of a successful project in Nigeria. These projects were selected based on non-probabilistic sampling from different geographical locations in Nigeria to represent different kinds of construction projects within the country. The first and second cases involved the implementation of LPS within the construction of a prototype student’s hostel and the construction a 4 Kilometre single carriageway road respectively. The third on the other hand involved the construction of a multipurpose hydro-power dam project; where comparisons were made between typical LPS projects and the project management techniques applied within the project. Data was collected through observation site activities, interviews, documentary analysis and questionnaire survey. The data generated was subsequently analysed by means of content analysis and evaluated in terms of its reliability, validity, representativeness, flexibility, rigour and reflexivity. In view of the LPS implementation within the two case studies, six barriers were identified and classified together with the six barriers associated with the Nigerian Construction industry. These barriers were linked, measured and ranked in averages of their degrees of occurrences. It was revealed that the major barriers were cultural issues and resistance to change, while the others include; lengthy approval, subcontractor’s involvement, poor supervision and quality, fluctuations and variations. Hence, a framework was developed to mitigate these barriers, when implementing LPS in construction projects in Nigeria. The main steps of the framework include: the need to identify purpose; the need to identify stakeholders impact; the need to obtain Sponsorship; the need to build a cross functional team; the need to create measurement indices; the need for training on Lean techniques and LPS; and finally the need to create a right working climate. Furthermore a focus group between construction practitioners was organised to test and evaluate the framework developed. It was revealed from the focus group that the framework has the potential to facilitate the implementation process as proposed.

O processo de projeto tem importante papel na geração de valor, pois define o produto de forma que este atenda às necessidades do cliente. No entanto, o planejamento e controle deste processo na indústria da construção são, em geral, informais e ineficazes. Estes problemas tendem a ser mais graves em empreendimentos rápidos e complexos, quando envolvem sistemas pré-fabricados, normalmente caracterizados como sistemas do tipo engineer-to-order (ETO). Visando a aprimorar o processo de projeto, muitas empresas tem implementado conceitos e princípios da produção enxuta, podendo ser destacado o uso do Sistema Last Planner (SLP), que contribui para proteger a produção da variabilidade do processo, assim como para eliminá-la. O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de planejamento e controle de projetos em empresas que projetam, fabricam e montam sistemas pré-fabricados, com características de sistema de produção do tipo ETO. Foi realizado um estudo empírico no setor de projetos de empresa de sistemas construtivos metálicos, com sede na Região Sul do Brasil. Inicialmente, o SLP foi implementado em duas equipes de projeto, sendo refinado e adaptado ao contexto da empresa. Depois, o SLP refinado foi implementado em outras quatro equipes. Como principais contribuições destacam-se o papel do modelo proposto no aumento da transparência de processos e na melhoria da confiabilidade deste processo, possibilitando o planejamento integrado entre as equipes de projeto. O modelo pode ser aplicado a sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo ETO, não somente no contexto de sistemas construtivos metálicos, mas em equipes de projetos que desenvolvem múltiplos projetos simultaneamente. / The design process plays an important role in value generation, since it defines the products that must meet customer needs. However, design planning and control in the construction industry are often informal and ineffective. This problem tends to bring serious consequences, especially in fast and complex projects that involve prefabricated building systems, normally defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) environments. In order to improve the design process, several companies have implemented lean production concepts and principles, and especially the Last Planner System (LPS) for production control, which shields production from upstream variability as well as contributes for reducing it. The aim of this study is to propose a model for planning and controlling the design process in companies that design, manufacture and assemble prefabricated ETO building systems. An empirical study was carried out is the design department of a steel fabricator based in Southern Brazil. Initially, LPS was implemented in two design teams, being refined and adapted to the context of the company. Then, the existing LPS was implemented in four other design teams. The main contributions of this investigation is the role of the proposed model in increasing process transparency and improving the reliability of the design process, making it possible to produce an integrated plan for the whole design department. This model is not limited to steel fabricators, but is applicable to any ETO prefabricated building systems, in which design teams carry out multiple design projects simultaneously.

O processo de projeto tem importante papel na geração de valor, pois define o produto de forma que este atenda às necessidades do cliente. No entanto, o planejamento e controle deste processo na indústria da construção são, em geral, informais e ineficazes. Estes problemas tendem a ser mais graves em empreendimentos rápidos e complexos, quando envolvem sistemas pré-fabricados, normalmente caracterizados como sistemas do tipo engineer-to-order (ETO). Visando a aprimorar o processo de projeto, muitas empresas tem implementado conceitos e princípios da produção enxuta, podendo ser destacado o uso do Sistema Last Planner (SLP), que contribui para proteger a produção da variabilidade do processo, assim como para eliminá-la. O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de planejamento e controle de projetos em empresas que projetam, fabricam e montam sistemas pré-fabricados, com características de sistema de produção do tipo ETO. Foi realizado um estudo empírico no setor de projetos de empresa de sistemas construtivos metálicos, com sede na Região Sul do Brasil. Inicialmente, o SLP foi implementado em duas equipes de projeto, sendo refinado e adaptado ao contexto da empresa. Depois, o SLP refinado foi implementado em outras quatro equipes. Como principais contribuições destacam-se o papel do modelo proposto no aumento da transparência de processos e na melhoria da confiabilidade deste processo, possibilitando o planejamento integrado entre as equipes de projeto. O modelo pode ser aplicado a sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo ETO, não somente no contexto de sistemas construtivos metálicos, mas em equipes de projetos que desenvolvem múltiplos projetos simultaneamente. / The design process plays an important role in value generation, since it defines the products that must meet customer needs. However, design planning and control in the construction industry are often informal and ineffective. This problem tends to bring serious consequences, especially in fast and complex projects that involve prefabricated building systems, normally defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) environments. In order to improve the design process, several companies have implemented lean production concepts and principles, and especially the Last Planner System (LPS) for production control, which shields production from upstream variability as well as contributes for reducing it. The aim of this study is to propose a model for planning and controlling the design process in companies that design, manufacture and assemble prefabricated ETO building systems. An empirical study was carried out is the design department of a steel fabricator based in Southern Brazil. Initially, LPS was implemented in two design teams, being refined and adapted to the context of the company. Then, the existing LPS was implemented in four other design teams. The main contributions of this investigation is the role of the proposed model in increasing process transparency and improving the reliability of the design process, making it possible to produce an integrated plan for the whole design department. This model is not limited to steel fabricators, but is applicable to any ETO prefabricated building systems, in which design teams carry out multiple design projects simultaneously.

This thesis covers an implementation of an artificial intelligence (AI) system for cooperation between multiple AI-agents. It was done as a part of a master thesis in Media Technology and a master thesis in Computer Engineering at Linköping University, campus Norrköping. The aim of the project was to explore modern techniques in AI and also develop a platform where this AI is implemented for the upcoming educational purposes. The idea is that students can use the system as a base to extend, learn and implement their own AI algorithms. Based on a literature study in AI systems the decision was made to base APAC on the GOAP system, a scalable planning architecture designed for real-time control of autonomous character behavior in games. The result of the thesis is a virtual world, made in Unity3D and C#, where the system is being used by virtual agents to build a city.

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo reducir la variabilidad en la productividad del proyecto vial “Mejoramiento de la transitabilidad vehicular y peatonal de la Av. Paul Poblet Lind desde el Jr. Comercio, Zona 1, hasta el puente Inca Moya, centro poblado de Cieneguilla - Distrito de Cieneguilla - Provincia de Lima - Región de Lima” aplicando una guía de implementación de herramientas y metodologías de Lean Construction, las cuales fueron, principalmente, la Gestión Visual y el Last Planner System (LPS). Para la implementación y aplicación de las herramientas de Lean Construction mencionadas anteriormente, la metodología de trabajo de la presente investigación incluye la elaboración de la guía propuesta, la misma que plantea un flujograma de planificación de trabajos en proyectos viales con enfoque Lean Construction con la finalidad de tener un mejor control del avance de actividades, empleo de recursos y producción, así como del cumplimiento de compromisos y metas durante la ejecución del proyecto. La guía propuesta se aplicó desde la semana 30 hasta la semana 36 del proyecto de estudio. Durante esta etapa, se realizaron semanalmente el Análisis de Restricciones, Porcentaje de Plan Completado (PPC), Causas de No Cumplimiento (CNC) y Porcentaje de Cumplimento de Restricciones (PCR). Estos indicadores, finalmente fueron relacionados con los resultados de las curvas de productividad de las partidas de control seleccionadas. Esto alineado a mejorar la productividad, logrando así que la productividad real acumulada de las partidas de control sea superior a la presupuestada, con lo cual el sistema productivo no presentó pérdidas. / The purpose of present thesis is to reduce the variability in the productivity of the road project “Mejoramiento de la transitabilidad vehicular y peatonal de la Av. Paul Poblet Lind desde el Jr. Comercio, Zona 1, hasta el puente Inca Moya, centro poblado de Cieneguilla - Distrito de Cieneguilla - Provincia de Lima - Región de Lima” applying an implementation guide of tools and methodologies of Lean Construction, which mainly were Visual Management and the Last Planner System (LPS). For the implementation and application of the Lean Construction tools previously referred, the work methodology of present research includes the elaboration of the proposed guide same that suggest a workflow of work planification in road projects focusing on Lean Construction in order to have a better control of the activities advance, use of resources and production, as well as to fulfill the commitments and goals during the execution of the project. The proposed guide was applied since the 30th. week until the 36th week of the study project. During this stage, the Restriction Analysis, Percentage of Plan Completed (PPC), Reasons for Non-Compliance (RNC) and Percentage of Constraint Removal (PCR) were weekly made. These indicators were finally related to the results of the productivity curves of the selected control items. All of this aligned to improve the productivity, achieving like this, that the real accumulated productivity of the control items, will be superior to the budget, demonstrating that no losses were obtained on the production system. / Tesis

No description available.

La presente investigación abunda en los conceptos relacionados a los retrasos que ocurren en una obra y a las causas del ineficiente seguimiento y control realizado al cronograma contractual de proyectos de construcción de la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana. Asimismo, se recaudó información de metodologías y herramientas a la vanguardia y se levantó la información de 3 proyectos de construcción de edificaciones multifamiliares. A partir de la información de estos proyectos, se identificaron los principales problemas de cada metodología que terminaron causando retrasos sobre los plazos contractuales de los mismos. Estos problemas pudieron ser agrupados en tres principalmente: la inadecuada planificación, la inadecuada programación y el vínculo débil o inexistente entre ambos. A partir de lo mencionado, se propuso una metodología con el principal objetivo de brindar una guía hacia los contratistas para realizar un seguimiento efectivo al plazo contractual de sus proyectos y prevenir todo retraso. / This investigation reviews the concepts related to the delays that occur in construction projects and the causes of the inefficient monitoring and control made to the contractual schedule in multi-family building projects developed in the city of Lima, Peru. Information was collected on methodologies and tools being used worldwide as well as from 3 multi-family constriction building projects. From the information of these projects, the main problems of each methodology that ended up causing delays over their contractual schedule were identified. Problems identified were grouped into three: inadequate planning, inadequate programming and a weak or non-existent link between the two. Based on this analysis, a methodology was proposed with the main purpose of providing a guide to contractors to effectively monitor the contractual schedule of their projects and prevent any delay. / Tesis

This thesis deals with the Regional planning of services and its contribution to the site from the point of view of participants in network of services for vulnerable children and families. Regional planning of services is one of the key activities of the project "System Development and Support of Social and Legal Child Protection Tools", which aims to support the transformation of the care system for vulnerable children into practice. The aim of this work is to find out how the participants in network of services for vulnerable children and families perceive the activity of regional planning of services, their experience and make recommendations for the implementation of regional planning. The theoretical part describes the project, the activity of regional planning of services and individual activities of the regional planner. This work focuses on the cooperation and multidisciplinary approach. A qualitative approach is used in the research. Data was collected using individual and group interviews. The research group is a sample of participants in network of services for vulnerable children and families. Data analysis has produced recommendations for regional planning of services activity to maintain activities in localities and has also produced local or system recommendations. Key words...

Byggbranschen anses vara en konservativ bransch både vad gäller teknik och samarbetsformer. Det oerhörda trycket på byggbranschen och det stora antalet byggprojekt som utförs idag gör att en del komplikationer uppstår. Detta kan bl. a. bero på tidsbrist, kompetensbrist och samarbetsproblem. I vissa projekt fungerar samarbetet utmärkt mellan projektets olika parter men i allt för många projekt är samarbetet mellan parterna bristfällig. Detta kan medföra ”onödiga” ekonomiska och eller tidsmässiga konsekvenser. I samhället idag är kommunikation nyckeln till ett lyckat samarbete. Även i byggbranschen belyses kommunikation som en nyckel till ett lyckat projekt. Branschen är i ett läge där denna debatt är intressant men ännu inte riktigt kommit upp på bordet. Vårt mål med projektet är att väcka denna debatt och undersöka hur samarbetet mellan parterna egentligen fungerar, varför det fungerar/inte fungerar och hur det eventuellt kan förbättras. I examensarbetet granskas samspelet mellan de 4 aktörerna Beställare, Projektledare/Byggledare, projekterande Konsult och Entreprenör för att utreda vad som ibland skapar denna kommunikationsbrist och samarbetsproblem. Genom intervjuer och empiriska undersökningar har vi skapat oss en uppfattning om hur parterna uppfattar samarbete och kommunikation i tidigare och nuvarande projekt. Vad har de saknat? Vad tycker de fungerar? Hur skulle de vilja samarbeta och utveckla kommunikation till det bättre? Som en stöttepelare till intervjuerna har en elektronisk undersökning gjorts där 113 svar redovisats, behandlats, analyserats. De som fått tillgång till den elektroniska undersökningen är de företag där intervjuerna gjorts samt tjänstemän från ett ytterligare tiotal olika företag med varierande storlek och omsättning. Utifrån intervjuerna och den elektroniska undersökningen kan vi konstatera att den generella synen mot andra parter i ett byggprojekt är mycket god med några få reservationer. Utefter den frågeställning vi gjorde inledningsvis kan vi nu konstatera att entreprenadform har mindre betydelse för kommunikation och samarbete i ett projekt. Dock har vi kommit fram till att det existerar vissa nyckelord för att uppnå god kommunikation och ett gott samarbete i ett projekt. Nyckelorden vi har kommit fram till är: starten i ett projekt, gemensamma mål, personkemi, beslutskraft, tydlighet och kunskap. / The construction industry is considered to be a conservative industry both in technology and forms of cooperation. The immense pressure on the construction industry and the large number of construction projects that are currently being undertaken in a number of complications arise. This may be due to time constraints, skill shortages and cooperation problems. In some projects the cooperation between the project partners works very well, but in too many projects the collaboration between the parties is inadequate. This can result in "unnecessary" financial and or timing implications. In society today, communication is the key to a successful cooperation. Even in the construction industry communication are highlighted as a key to a successful project. The industry is in a position where this debate is interesting but not yet being highlighted. Our goal with this study is to bring this debate and examine how cooperation between the parties really works, why it works/does not work and how it might be improved. The thesis examines the interplay between the four actors Client, Project Manager/Construction Manager, project planning Consultant and Contractor to investigate what sometimes creates this lack of communication and cooperation problems. Through interviews and empirical studies, we have created an impression of how the parties perceive cooperation and communication in past and current projects. What have they missed? How do they work? How would they like to work together and develop communication for the better? As a mainstay of the interviews, an electronic survey carried out in which 113 responses recorded, processed, analyzed. Those who had access to the electronic survey are companies where the interviews made ​​and officers from an additional ten different companies of varying size and turnover. Based on the interviews and the electronic survey, we can conclude that the general perception to other parties on a construction project is very good with a few reservations. Along the issue we did initially, we can now conclude that the contract form is less important for communication and collaboration in a project. However, we have concluded that there are certain keywords in order to achieve good communication and good cooperation in a project. The key words we've come up with is: the start of a project, shared goals, personal chemistry, decisiveness, clarity, and knowledge.