L'objectif principal de la thèse est d'établir un modèle sous forme hamiltonienne à ports pour la dynamique du plasma dans les réacteurs de fusion de type tokamak, puis de démontrer le potentiel de cette approche pour aborder les problèmes d'intégration numérique et de commande non linéaire. Les bilans thermo-magnéto-hydrodynamiques, écrits sous forme hamiltonienne à ports à l'aide de structures Stokes-Dirac, conduisent à un modèle 3D “ multi-physique ” du plasma. Ensuite, un modèle 1D équivalent au modèle de diffusion résistive est obtenu en supposant les mêmes hypothèses d'équilibre quasi-statique et de symétries. Un schéma symplectique de réduction spatiale de ce modèle 1D qui préserve la structure du modèle et ses invariants est établi. Il ouvre la voie à des travaux ultérieurs de commande non linéaire fondés sur la structure géométrique d'interconnexion et les bilans du modèle. La commande IDA-PBC (Interconnection and Damping Assignment - Passivity Based Control) basée sur la passivité du modèle est d'abord synthétisée pour ce système en dimension finie. Finalement, une commande IDA-PBC associée avec la commande à la frontière est proposée pour le système en dimension infinie. Les controlleurs sont testés et validés avec les simulateurs des tokamak (METIS pour le Tore Supra de CEA/ Cadarache, et RAPTOR pour le TCV de l'EPFL Lausanne, Suisse). / The modelling and analysis of the plasma dynamics in tokamaks using the port-Hamiltonian approach is the main project purpose. Thermo-mMagnetohydrodynamics balances have been written in port-Hamiltonian form using Stokes-Dirac interconnection structures and 3D differential forms. A simplified 1D model for control has been derived using quasi-static and symmetry assumptions. It has been proved to be equivalent to a classical 1D control model: the resistive diffusion model for the poloidal magnetic flux. Then a geometric spatial integration scheme has been developped. It preserves both the symplecticity of the Dirac interconnection structure and physically conserved extensive quantities. This will allow coming works on energy-based approaches for the non linear control of the plasma dynamics.An Interconnection and Damping Assignment - Passivity Based Control (IDA-PBC) , the most general Port-Hamiltonian control, is chosen first to deal with the studied Tokamak system. It is based on a model made of the two coupled PDEs of resistive diffusion for the magnetic poloidal flux and of radial thermal diffusion. The used TMHD couplings are the Lorentz forces (with non-uniform resistivity) and the bootstrap current. The loop voltage at the plasma boundary, the total external current and the plasma heating power are considered as controller outputs. Due to the actuator constraints which imply to have a physically feasible current profile deposits, a feedforward control is used to ensure the compatibility with the actuator physical capability. Then, the IDA-PBC controllers, both finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional, are designed to improve the system stabilization and convergence speed. The proposed works are validated against the simulation data obtained from the Tore-Supra WEST (CEA/Cadarache, France) test case and from RAPTOR code for the TCV real-time control system (CRPP/ EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoJTV_TESE.pdf: 16694617 bytes, checksum: 98c04bab1f2a3180ba8bd87b03174888 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / The exponential growth in the applications of radio frequency (RF) is accompanied by great challenges as more efficient use of spectrum as in the design of new architectures for multi-standard receivers or software defined radio (SDR) . The key challenge in designing architecture of the software defined radio is the implementation of a wide-band receiver, reconfigurable, low cost, low power consumption, higher level of integration and flexibility. As a new solution of SDR design, a direct demodulator architecture, based on fiveport technology, or multi-port demodulator, has been proposed. However, the use of the five-port as a direct-conversion receiver requires an I/Q calibration (or regeneration) procedure in order to generate the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the transmitted baseband signal. In this work, we propose to evaluate the performance of a blind calibration technique without additional knowledge about training or pilot sequences of the transmitted signal based on independent component analysis for the regeneration of I/Q five-port downconversion, by exploiting the information on the statistical properties of the three output signals / Estudos recentes apontam que o aumento nas aplica??es de r?dio frequ?ncia (RF) vem acompanhado por grandes desafios tanto no uso eficiente do espectro eletromagn?tico quanto no projeto de novas arquiteturas para receptores multi-padr?o, ou r?dio definidos por software (RDS). O principal desafio da arquitetura f?sica de um RDS ? a implementa??o de um receptor banda-larga com caracter?sticas de baixo custo, baixo consumo, maior grau de integra??o e flexibilidade. A arquitetura homodina, baseada na tecnologia cinco-portas, surge como uma alternativa para aplica??es em r?dio definidos por software. No entanto, a regenera??o das componentes em fase e quadratura, no receptor cinco-portas, comumente denominada de calibra??o, constitui um dos maiores desafios na aplica??o dessa tecnologia. Os m?todos de calibra??o, propostos na literatura, normalmente baseiam-se no conhecimento do modelo matem?tico do circuito, em que o mesmo ? calibrado previamente (off-line), para um tipo de sinal com caracter?sticas espec?ficas ou em tempo real, com base no conhecimento da sequ?ncia de aprendizagem e do tipo de modula??o. Nesse trabalho, ? apresentado uma proposta de regenera??o cega dessas componentes, para um receptor homodino cinco-portas, utilizando a abordagem denominada Separa??o Cega de Fontes (an?lise de componentes independentes - ICA), que explora as caracter?sticas estat?sticas dos tr?s sinais de sa?da do receptor cinco-portas. A valida??o dessa abordagem ? realizada por meio de simula??o e de resultados experimentais obtidos para o receptor cinco portas implementado em tecnologia de microfita

This paper presents the study and development of a topology of nonisolated converter operating at high frequency, which is suitable for the integration of battery banks, photovoltaic panels, and a high voltage dc link in a single conversion stage. The topology is based on the bidirectional version of the three-state switching cell and is recommended for battery charging, while a 200V dc link can be obtained in a single conversion stage using photovoltaic (PV) panels. The presented converter is able to supply a 200V dc link using a battery bank and a PV array and, depending on the solar irradiance level, it is also possible to charge the batteries by using a single conversion stage. Moreover, all the switches of the converter are able to operate under zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition over a wide operation range. The experimental results are obtained from a 500W laboratory prototype, which has been developed and tested in three situations: energy flow from the battery bank to the load, energy flow from the PV panel to the load; and energy flow from the panel to the battery bank, achieving the efficiency of 94,18%, 96,09% e 94,67% respectively. The high gain afforded by this topology and the excellent performance obtained in all operations mode, shows as a solution where the requirement of increasing the voltage to 200V or 400V from low input voltage energy sources, typically 12V, 24V or 48V, provided by batteries, solar panels or others sources of energy, for Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS), or a DC link, for example. / Este trabalho tem por escopo apresentar o estudo e desenvolvimento de um conversor CC-CC nÃo isolado de trÃs portas, adequado à integraÃÃo em um Ãnico estÃgio de conversÃo: um banco de baterias, um conjunto de painÃis fotovoltaicos e o link CC. A topologia proposta apresenta um conversor boost de alto ganho baseado na versÃo bidirecional da cÃlula de comutaÃÃo de trÃs estados na qual se tem integrado um banco de baterias e um conjunto de painÃis fotovoltaicos com capacidade para gerar um barramento CC de 200V em um Ãnico estÃgio de processamento. A caracterÃstica bidirecional da topologia permite aos painÃis fotovoltaicos carregar as bateiras e alimentar a carga dependendo da incidÃncia solar. No caso de ausÃncia de sol, o banco de baterias supre a carga. Outra importante caracterÃstica deste conversor à a comutaÃÃo suave em modo ZVS para todas as chaves. Foi desenvolvido um protÃtipo experimental com potÃncia nominal de 500W de forma a validar todo o embasamento teÃrico e de simulaÃÃo apresentados. O conversor desenvolvido foi submetido a trÃs condiÃÃes: o fluxo de energia da bateria para a carga, do painel fotovoltaico para a carga e do painel para o banco de baterias, sendo obtido o rendimento de 94,18%, 96,09% e 94,67% respectivamente para cada condiÃÃo. AlÃm disso, as formas de ondas experimentais e de simulaÃÃo para cada condiÃÃo e o comparativo de rendimento de topologias, tambÃm sÃo apresentados. O alto ganho e o rendimento alcanÃado nesta topologia, a torna uma forte soluÃÃo quando hà necessidade de elevar a tensÃo a partir de baterias ou painÃis fotovoltaicos, quando os valores fornecidos por estes geralmente sÃo de 12V, 24V ou 48V. Ressalte-se que este trabalho contribui cientificamente na Ãrea da eletrÃnica de potÃncia, mais especificamente, no que concerne ao estudo e desenvolvimento de novas topologias de conversores CC-CC nÃo isolados de trÃs portas para aplicaÃÃes em energias renovÃveis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Hugo Barros Silva.pdf: 4177386 bytes, checksum: 324ffa71e5b64047e7a54ab199bb9241 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The problem of allocating berth positions for vessels in tidal grain port terminals is discussed in this work. A berth defines a specific location alongside a quay where a ship loader is available for loading or unloading vessels, accommodating only one vessel at time. In tidal ports, draft conditions depend on high tide conditions, since available depth under the low tide is not adequate to the movement of ships. Some port terminals at the port complex of São Luís, Maranhão, are associated to important transnational enterprises which maintain a strong control over the stock level of their goods. Since the stock level sometimes depends on a continuous process of consumption or production of grains, the decision making of loading or unloading vessels must contemplate the amount of the grain stored in the port yards. Therefore, a basic criterion for decision making is to give priority to the vessels related to the most critical grain stock level. This paper presents two integer linear programming models based on the transportation problem to represent the discussed problem. Some problem instances could be solved by a commercial solver. As an alternative to larger instances, which require large running time, an implementation of Simulated Annealing (SA) and the algorithm known as Population Training Algorithm for Linear Programming (PTA/LP) are used to solve the problem. / O Problema de Alocação de Berços em Portos Graneleiros com Restrições de Estoque e Condições Favoráveis de Maré é abordado neste trabalho. Um berço define um local especifico ao longo do cais onde um carregador de navio está disponível para carregar ou descarregar navios, acomodando apenas um navio por vez. Em portos que sofrem a influência da variação das marés, as condições de navegação dependem de condições favoráveis de maré, uma vez que a profundidade na maré baixa restringe a movimentação de navios. Alguns terminais no complexo portuário de São Luís, Maranhão, estão associados a importantes empresas multinacionais que mantêm um forte controle sobre os níveis de estoque de seus produtos. Uma vez que o nível de estoque, por vezes, depende de um processo contínuo de consumo ou produção de granéis, a tomada de decisão de carregar ou descarregar navios deve levar em conta as cargas armazenadas nos pátios do porto. Desta forma, um critério básico para tomadas de decisão é dar prioridade aos navios relacionada aos níveis mais críticos de estoque. Este trabalho apresenta dois modelos de programação linear baseado no problema de transporte para representar o problema abordado. Algumas instâncias do problema puderam ser resolvidas por um solver comercial. Como alternativa suas instâncias maiores, que exigem grande tempo de execução, uma implementação do Simulated Annealing (SA) e do algoritmo conhecido como Algoritmo de Treinamento Populacional para Programação Linear (ATP/PL) são empregadas para resolução do problema.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-09T12:13:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracristinaalexandrebastosemonteirodecarvalho.pdf: 8750809 bytes, checksum: ed1c8f6ae286b49f47c673d9a4ef98c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-13T15:37:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracristinaalexandrebastosemonteirodecarvalho.pdf: 8750809 bytes, checksum: ed1c8f6ae286b49f47c673d9a4ef98c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T15:37:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracristinaalexandrebastosemonteirodecarvalho.pdf: 8750809 bytes, checksum: ed1c8f6ae286b49f47c673d9a4ef98c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / D. Domingos Antônio de Sousa Coutinho foi o primeiro Conde e Marquês de Funchal. Nascido em 1760 em Vila Real (Chaves-Portugal), D. Domingos foi diplomata junto à Legação Portuguesa em Londres (Inglaterra) entre os anos de 1803-1814, período-chave para compreensão das relações entre as duas monarquias diante das transformações impostas pela expansão napoleônica. A presente dissertação tem por finalidade analisar a trajetória de D. Domingos dando ênfase em sua atuação enquanto embaixador em Londres, de forma particular, no seu envolvimento nas negociações da Convenção secreta datada de 22 de outubro de 1807, do tratado de abertura dos portos do Brasil às nações amigas (1808) e dos tratados de Aliança, Amizade, Comércio e Navegação com a Grã-Bretanha (1810). / D. Domingos Antônio de Sousa Coutinho was the first Earl and Marquis of Funchal. He was born in 1760 in Vila Real (Chaves-Portugal), D. Domingos was a diplomat close to the Portuguese Embassy in London (England) from 1803 to 1814, the main period for understanding international relations between the two monarchies on the changes required by Napoleonic expansion. This dissertation ains to analyze the trajectory of D. Domingos emphasizing his role as ambassador in three important moments during the Napoleonic invasions, the negotiations surrounding the Secret London Convention of October 22, 1807, the opening of the ports to friendly nations and the development of treaties in 1810.

La téléportation quantique promet d'être centrale à de nombreuses applications du futur tels la cryptographique quantique et l'ordinateur quantique. Comme toute mise en œuvre physique s'accompagne inévitablement d'imperfections expérimentales, on étudie la téléportation dans un contexte où la ressource quantique, c'est-à-dire l'intrication, que l'on consomme est brouillée. Pour ce faire, on introduit en premier lieu le formalisme de l'informatique quantique. En seconde partie, on approche les protocoles de téléportation quantique standard, de téléportation avec relais quantiques et de téléportation multi-ports. Notre analyse de la téléportation standard et de la téléportation multi-ports poursuit trois objectifs principaux. Le premier est de comparer l'emploi d'un canal brouillé pour la téléportation d'un état quantique avec l'utilisation de ce même canal pour l'envoi direct de l'état. On trouve ainsi les conditions pour lesquelles les deux protocoles de transmission sont équivalents. Le second but est d'observer le caractère non-local de l'intrication brouillée en regardant quand et comment Alice peut réduire le bruit chez elle à un bruit exclusivement chez Bob. En troisième, on quantifie par une borne inférieure la qualité d'un canal de téléportation en réduisant l'effet de toute intrication brouillée à celui d'un bruit de Pauli à un seul paramètre. On accomplit cette tâche en effaçant au moment approprié l'information classique superflue et en appliquant la wernerisation. Finalement, on analyse la composition de bruits de Pauli et l'effet du taux d'effacement sur la téléportation avec relais quantiques pour mieux comprendre comment se combinent les effets de l'intrication brouillée dans un réseau de téléportation quantique. La suite logique est d'établir des protocoles plus robustes de téléportation quantique qui prennent en compte l'effet de l'intrication brouillée. / Quantum teleportation will be a centerpiece of practical quantum cryptography and quantum computing in a soon to be future. As no physical implementation is perfect, we study quantum teleportation in the context of impaired quantum resources which we call noisy entanglement. In a first part, we introduce how quantum mechanics is formalized by quantum information theory. In the second part, we study standard quantum teleportation, in both the absence and presence of quantum repeaters, as well as port-based teleportation. Our analysis of standard quantum teleportation and port-based teleportation follows three main directions. The first goal is to compare the use of a noisy channel for teleportation to the one of the same channel for direct transmission. We thus find the conditions under which the two cases are equivalent. Our second objective is to observe the non-local properties of noisy entanglement by finding when and how Alice can blame Bob for her noise. Thirdly, we quantify, in the worst-case scenario, the quality of a teleportation channel by reducing the effect of any noisy entanglement to the one of a one-parameter Pauli channel that can be interpreted as a depolarizing channel in most instances. We achieve this task by erasing unneeded classical information at the appropriate time and by twirling either the entanglement or the teleported state. Finally, we analyze the composition of Pauli noises and the impact of the erasure channel parameter on the protocol of teleportation with quantum repeaters. We thus aim to understand how the effects of noisy entanglement cumulate in a teleportation network. The next logical step is to create robust teleportation schemes that take into account the effects of noisy entanglement.

No description available.

Des circuits différentiels sont largement utilisés pour la conception de composants hyperfréquences principalement en raison de leur meilleure immunité au bruit. Ces circuits doivent être caractérisés au moyen de paramètres S en mode mixte (mode différentiel, mode commun et conversion entre les deux modes). De plus, la tendance à la miniaturisation et à l’intégration des dispositifs hyperfréquences conduit à l’utilisation de structures planaires ou coplanaires telles que les lignes micro-ruban ou les lignes coplanaires. La structure coplanaire avec les conducteurs déposés à la surface supérieure du substrat évite de réaliser des trous métallisés, et donc simplifie la fabrication et empêche l’apparition d’éléments parasites. Du point de vue de la métrologie électrique, il est nécessaire d’établir la traçabilité des mesures de paramètres S en mode mixte au Système International d’unités (SI). La méthode d’étalonnage Multimode Thru – Reflect – Line (TRL), dérivée de l’étalonnage TRL couramment utilisée pour les mesures de paramètres S de circuits asymétriques, est bien adaptée à cette problématique. En effet, l’impédance caractéristique, qui définit l’impédance de référence du système de mesure, peut être obtenue à partir des constantes de propagation déterminées lors de la procédure Multimode TRL et des capacités linéiques en DC.Nous présentons la première conception et la réalisation d’un kit d’étalonnage Multimode TRL et d’un kit de vérification à base des lignes coplanaires couplées en configuration « Ground – Signal – Ground – Signal – Ground » sur un substrat de quartz (SiO2) à faibles pertes diélectriques pour des mesures de paramètres S en mode mixte sur wafer de 1 GHz à 40 GHz. Les mesures sont effectuées à l’aide de deux méthodes : l’approche « one-tier » basée sur la procédure d’étalonnage Multimode TRL afin de déterminer et de corriger l’ensemble des erreurs systématiques ou bien l’approche « two-tier » qui fractionne la détermination et la correction des termes d’erreur en deux étapes dont la deuxième est associée à la méthode Multimode TRL. La faisabilité et la validation de ces techniques sont démontrées par des mesures d’éléments de vérification, constitués de lignes (adaptées, désadaptées et déséquilibrées) et d’atténuateurs en T, qui montrent un très bon accord entre les valeurs mesurées et simulées.La propagation des incertitudes est évaluée soit à partir du calcul des dérivées partielles à l’aide de l’outil Metas.Unclib ou bien par simulation numérique basée sur la méthode de Monte Carlo. La précision des mesures de paramètres S sous pointes dépend des sources d’influence attribuées aux mesures et aux imperfections des étalons telles que le bruit et la non-linéarité de l’analyseur de réseaux vectoriel, la stabilité des câbles, la répétabilité des mesures et la sensibilité dans la réalisation des étalons. Faute de temps, nous nous limitons à estimer la propagation d’incertitudes liées à la répétabilité de mesure des étalons et du dispositif sous test (DST) aux valeurs des paramètres S corrigés de la ligne désadaptée. Les résultats montrent que l’approche des dérivées partielles basée sur une approximation de la série de Taylor au premier ordre ne peut pas être utilisée avec précision à cause de l’influence significative de la non-linéarité des fonctions mathématiques de l’algorithme Multimode TRL. La méthode Monte Carlo s’avère alors plus précise bien qu’elle nécessite des temps de calcul très longs. / Differential circuits are widely used in the design of high frequency components mainly because of their better noise immunity. These circuits can be characterized using mixed-mode S parameters (differential- and common-mode S-parameters and cross-mode terms). Furthermore, the trend toward miniaturization and integration of microwave devices increases the need for planar or coplanar microwave integrated circuits such as micro-strip lines or coplanar waveguides. The ungrounded coplanar waveguide structure with all the conductors located on the same side of the substrate eliminates the need for via-holes, and thus simplifies manufacturing and prevents the appearance of some parasitic elements. From the viewpoint of electrical metrology, it is necessary to establish the traceability of the mixed-mode S-parameter measurements to the International System of Units (SI). The Multimode Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration method, derived from the commonly-used TRL calibration for S-parameter measurements of single-ended circuits, is particularly well suited for this purpose as the standards are traceable via dimensional measurements. The characteristic impedance, which defines the reference impedance of the measurement system, can be achieved from the propagation constants determined during the Multimode TRL calibration and the capacitances per unit length of the transmission line.We present the first design and realization of Multimode TRL calibration and verification kits using coupled coplanar lines in the "Ground - Signal - Ground - Signal - Ground" configuration on quartz (SiO2), the low-loss substrate, for on-wafer mixed-mode S-parameter measurements from 1 GHz to 40 GHz. Measurements are performed using two methods: the “one-tier” technique, based on the Multimode TRL calibration procedure, determines and corrects all systematic errors. The “two-tier” approach, in which the Multimode TRL is applied at the second-tier, is applied to measurement data that were partially corrected by the first calibration. The feasibility and the validation of the methods are demonstrated by measurements of matched, mismatched and unbalanced lines and T-attenuators showing good agreement between simulated and measured results.The propagation of uncertainty can be derived by the calculation of partial derivatives using the Metas.Unclib tool or by the numerical approach based on the Monte Carlo technique. The accuracy of on-wafer S-parameter measurements depends on sources of influence attributed to the measurements and to the imperfections of the standards such as the VNA noise and non-linearity, the cable stability, the measurement repeatability, and the sensitivity in calibration standards’ realization. We focus, first and foremost, on the propagation of uncertainties related to the repeatability of the standards and the device under test measurements to the corrected mixed-mode S-parameters of the mismatched line. The results show that the partial derivatives approach based on an approximation of the first-order Taylor series cannot be accurately used due to the significant influences of non-linear functions in the Multimode TRL algorithm. The Monte Carlo method is then more precise although it requires very long computation time.

The goal of this master’s thesis is to suggest a cabling system in an administration building of company PHARMIX s.r.o. This cabling system must improve nowadays situation in the administration building and simultaneously has to make possible reserves for following enlargement of computing equipment. This cabling system must be also variable in case of possible rebuilding offices. In the master’s thesis, there are described processes whose aim is an optimal solution, to suggested cabling system.

The following study that is the regulatory settings for a port operator has been conducted with the intention to comprehend and highlight the different regulatory settings appropriate for the sea ports in order to ensure safe, reliable and efficient trade and transportations practices at sea ports. The area of focus of this research work was towards the Baltic Sea region ports where the researcher focused on the evaluating the regulatory settings for four different ports in order to compare and contrast each other with the intention to validate every port follows certain regulations. The researcher with the support of secondary quantitative study with the deductive research approach has intended to answer the problem of this research work. The findings of this study have suggested that different regulations on the basis of the international conventions are strongly considered by the range of ports especially Port of Gdansk, Port of Helsinki, Port of Tallinn and Rostock ports that have examined. Nevertheless, there were also some regulations which not all the ports were following thereby confirming all the ports follow certain regulations which are in accordance with their changing scenarios.