Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-01T19:18:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Mestrado.pdf: 2528294 bytes, checksum: 69ec2d4350eed1f6344f027d79b47ebb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T19:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Mestrado.pdf: 2528294 bytes, checksum: 69ec2d4350eed1f6344f027d79b47ebb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-25 / Os períodos de gestação e puerpério nem sempre são marcados por alegrias e realizações. É exatamente nesta fase que muitas mulheres experimentam alterações importantes do humor e/ou ansiedade, sendo o pós-parto o período de maior vulnerabilidade para o aparecimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Apesar de ser hoje uma das condições clínicas mais estudadas da psiquiatria e de ser bastante conhecida na prática clínica, a depressão pós-parto ainda não apresenta consensos conceituais e metodológicos importantes para um maior grau de confiabilidade no diagnóstico e na comparação de dados de pesquisas. Assim, esta pesquisa busca minimizar a carência de uniformização e consenso a respeito deste tema tão relevante. Este estudo corresponde a uma revisão sistemática descritiva, no qual foram utilizados três bancos de dados: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em ciências da saúde (LILACS) e foram incluídos os artigos originais em língua inglesa, nos últimos 5 anos até 30 de junho de 2014, em humanos do sexo feminino. Foram excluídos os artigos não originais, os artigos de revisão e os relatos ou séries de casos. Após a exclusão dos artigos não pertinentes, restaram 356 que foram avaliados por dois revisores e apenas 154 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. O resultado evidencia uma grande heterogeneidade nos instrumentos de pesquisa, com 38 instrumentos de triagem, diagnóstico e avaliação distintos. A verificação do instrumento principal dos estudos, registra uma predominância do Edimburg Depression Postpatum Scale (EPDS) em cerca de 65% dos artigos, apresentando pontos de corte com uma variação total de 7 a 20 e predominância entre 12 e 13. Quanto ao tempo, verifica-se que a maior parte das aferições dos instrumentos foram realizadas no primeiro trimestre do puerpério (45%), contudo foram grandes os percentuais de registros fora deste período, 43% acima de 3 meses do puerpério e 12% durante a gestação. Em relação aos períodos com maior prevalência de casos após o nascimento, constata-se que 65% encontra-se nos primeiros 3 meses após o parto e 35% após os 3 meses. Desta forma, apesar de se averiguar uma heterogeneidade significativa entre os estudos, há uma predominância do EPDS como método de triagem mais utilizado. Já em relação ao tempo, os resultados indicam que ele está muito além do que atualmente é preconizado nos manuais diagnósticos, com episódios depressivos desde a gestação até o período de um ano após o parto, relacionando-se ao nascimento do filho. Os resultados deste estudo ajudam a diminuir as discordâncias metodológicas e conceituais sobre as depressões relacionadas ao parto e podem embasar políticas em saúde para melhorar as estratégias na busca de um diagnóstico mais preciso e precoce e, desta forma, ajudar na prevenção e assistência às mães acometidas por essa enfermidade. / Periods of pregnancy and postpartum are not always marked by joys and achievements. It is precisely at this stage that many women experience major changes of mood and / or anxiety, and the postpartum period has the greatest vulnerability to the onset of psychiatric disorders. Although it is now one of the most studied clinical conditions of psychiatry and being well known in clinical practice, the postpartum depression still does not present conceptual and methodological consensus important for a greater degree of reliability in the diagnosis and the data comparison of survey. Therefore, this research seeks to minimize the lack of standardization and consensus on this issue as relevant. This study represents a descriptive systematic review, in which was used three databases: PubMed / MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and original articles were included in English in the last five years until June 30, 2014, in human females. Non-original articles, review articles and reports or case series were excluded. After exclusion of irrelevant articles, remaining 356 that were evaluated by two reviewers and only 154 articles met the inclusion criteria. The result shows a great heterogeneity in research tools, with 38 screening tools, diagnostic and distinct evaluation. Verification of the main instrument of the studies, reports a prevalence of Edimburg Depression Postpatum Scale (EPDS) in about 65% of the articles, with cutoff points with a total variation 7-20 and prevalence between 12 and 13. As for the time, it appears that most of the instruments measurements were carried out in the first quarter of the puerperium (45%), however, were large percentage of the records outside of this period, 43% over 3 months postpartum and 12% during pregnancy. For periods with higher prevalence of cases after birth, it appears that 65% is the first 3 months after delivery and 35% after 3 months. Thus, although to ascertain significant heterogeneity between studies, there is a predominance of the EPDS as the most used screening method. In relation to time, the results indicate that it is far beyond what is currently recommended in the diagnostic manual, with depressive episodes from pregnancy to one year after delivery, relating to the birth of the child. The results of this study help to decrease the methodological and conceptual disagreements over the depressions related to childbirth and can to base health policies to improve the strategies in the search for a more accurate diagnosis and early and thus help prevent and assistance to affected mothers by this disease.

A depressão pós-parto (DPP), tal como o episódio depressivo maior, é uma manifestação psiquiátrica comum, caracterizada pela presença de alterações de humor, cognitivas, comportamentais, psicomotoras e vegetativas. Afeta a qualidade da interação mãe-bebê prejudicando a responsividade materna o que pode repercurtir negativamente na manutenção salutar do desenvolvimento da criança. Esta manifestação apresenta prevalência estimada entre 10 e 20%, considerando as mulheres que desenvolvem sintomas nas primeiras semanas depois do parto. As opções de tratamento incluem drogas antidepressivas e eletroconvulsoterapia (com anestesia). Porém, como ambas terapêuticas envolvem abordagens farmacológicas, há contra-indicação devido à toxidade que impediria a amamentação. Entretanto, existe uma preocupação sobre como garantir a eficácia do tratamento sem prejudicar o bebê. A Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana Repetitiva (EMTr), por ser uma técnica já consagrada quanto a eficácia antidepressiva, não toxicológica, indolor, não invasiva e bem tolerada para estimular o cérebro, parece ser uma boa alternativa de tratamento. Nos quadros depressivos em geral, são observados prejuízos substanciais a várias funções cognitivas cujas alterações cognitivas apresentadas são, em grande parte, semelhantes àquelas relacionadas a alterações do funcionamento do córtex pré-frontal. A função executiva é um dos principais domínios cognitivos afetados nos transtornos depressivos, geralmente avaliada por testes como Trail Making e o teste de Stroop. A presença de depressão em pacientes puerperais parece intensificar as alterações cognitivas, especialmente as funções associadas ao lobo frontal, além do que, também prejudicam o comportamento causando danos no funcionamento social global. No presente estudo, randomizado, controlado e duplo-cego, investigaram-se os possíveis efeitos da EMTr no funcionamento cognitivo e sua repercussão comportamental: Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana de repetição (EMTr) aplicada ao córtex prefrontal dorsolateral esquerdo (CPFDLE). Uma amostra inicial de dez pacientes com DPP foram distribuídos em dois grupos. Sete participantes de um dos grupos receberam EMTr ativa e três, do grupo controle, EMTr placebo. Os parâmetros utilizados na EMTr foram: freqüência de 5 Hz, intensidade de 120% do limiar motor, em intervalos de 10 segundos ligado e 20 segundos desligado, com 25 séries por dia (2500 pulsos), durante 20 dias (quatro semanas) com dois dias de pausa semanal. Os pacientes e os avaliadores eram cegos ao tipo de tratamento de cada grupo. A avaliação neuropsicológica se deu através de testes cognitivos relacionados às funções prejudicadas em quadros depressivos e com a área estimulada (CPFDLE). Foram também aplicadas as escalas de Adequação Social (EAS) de Weissmann e Bothwell para avaliar o comportamento funcional social global, de depressão de Hamilton, 17 itens, e de depressão pós-parto de Edinburgh. As avaliações foram realizadas em três momentos: antes do início do tratamento (T0), após 4 semanas (T2) e após 6 semanas (T3). Como principais resultados foram observadas: melhora significativa no quadro depressivo ao longo do tratamento e um melhor ajustamento comportamental no funcionamento social global geral, especialmente no contexto das relações familiares; ausência de efeitos negativos em todos os testes cognitivos após o tratamento com EMTr; desempenho superior do grupo EMTr ativa em comparação com o grupo EMTr placebo, principalmente no teste de Rey auditory Verbal Learning (RAVLT) evocação pós-interferência e tardia pós-trinta minutos, no teste Trail Making Parte A e no teste de Stroop Cores. Além disso, o melhor desempenho cognitivo observado no grupo EMTr ativa viii comparado ao grupo EMTr placebo, entre T0 e T4, foi mantido na semana 6 (T6) e por vezes até melhorou sutilmente, indicando que o efeito da estimulação mantém-se estável por, pelo menos 2 semanas após o término do tratamento. Discutem-se como possíveis fatores para esses resultados: ação local da EMTr, alteração dos níveis de alguns neurotransmissores como dopamina e serotonina, relação com a melhoria do quadro depressivo e possível efeito de aprendizado pela repetição em curto período de tempo entre as testagens. Concluí-se que, baseados em uma amostra de apenas 10 pacientes, a EMTr, no que diz respeito aos efeitos antidepressivos, no comportamento frente ao funcionamento social global e às funções cognitivas, não produziu efeitos negativos e sim, produziu alguns efeitos positivos. Esta melhora é de fundamental importância, para o bem estar da mãe e conseqüentemente para o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, afetivo e comportamental do bebê. Isto trará desdobramentos que poderão perdurar por toda uma vida para esta criança. Além disto, a segurança da EMT, já amplamente comprovada em outros estudos, poderá, em um futuro próximo, torná-la terapêutica de primeira escolha para este grupo de pacientes. / The postpartum depression (PPD) as the major depressive episode is a common psychiatric manifestation, characterized by the presence of mood, cognitive, behavioral, psychomotor and vegetative changes. It affects the quality of mother-infant interaction jeopardizing the maternal responsiveness, which may adversely affect the maintenance of a healthy development of children. This event presents the estimated dominance between 10 and 20%, taking into account women who develop symptoms in the first weeks after delivery. Treatment options include antidepressant drugs and electroconvulsive therapy (with anesthetic). However, as both treatments involve pharmacological approaches, there is counter-indication because of toxicity that would preclude breastfeeding. Nevertheless, there is concern about the efficiency of the treatment without causing any harm to the baby. The repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), as it is a technique already established for antidepressant efficacy, non-toxic, painless, non-invasive and well-tolerated to stimulate the brain, it seems to be a good alternative for treatment. For general depressive conditions, substantial damages have been noticed to several cognitive functions, in which the presented cognitive changes are, in large part, similar to those related to changes in the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex (PFC). The executive function is one of the major cognitive domains affected in depressive disorders, usually assessed by tests such as Trail Making and Stroop test. The presence of depression in puerperal patients seems to strengthen cognitive changes; especially those associated to frontal lobe functions, in addition to that, it also affects the behavior causing harm to the overall social functioning. In this study, randomized, controlled and double-blind, possible effects of rTMS in the cognitive functioning and its behavioral effect were assessed: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) applied to left-dorsum-lateral-prefrontal-cortex (LDLPC). An initial sample of ten patients with PPD was divided into two groups. Firstly, seven participants in one of the groups received active rTMS and, three, of the control group, placebo rTMS. The parameters used in rTMS were: frequency of 5 Hz, intensity of 120% of the motor threshold, at intervals of 10 seconds on and 20 seconds off, with 25 sets per day (2500 pulses), during 20 days (four weeks) with two days of rest per week. Patients and evaluators were blinded to the type of treatment for each group. The neuropsychological assessment was carried out by means of cognitive tests related to impaired functions in depressive conditions and with the stimulated area (LDLPC). Social Adjustment Scal (SAS-SR) of Weissmann & Bothwell was also applied to assess the overall social functional behavior, of Hamilton depression, 17 items, and Edinburg postpartum depression. Evaluations were performed on three occasions: before starting the treatment (T0), after 4 weeks (T2) and after 6 weeks (T3). The main results were: significant improvement regarding the depression condition throughout the treatment and a better behavioral adjustment in the general overall social functioning, especially in the context of family relationships, lack of negative effects on all cognitive tests after treatment with rTMS; superior performance of the active rTMS group compared to the placebo rTMS group, especially in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) post-interference and late evocation after thirty minutes in the Trail Making Test - Part A and the Colors - Stroop Test. Further, the best cognitive performance was observed in the active rTMS group compared to placebo rTMS group, between T0 and T4, was maintained at week 6 (T6) and sometimes even improved slightly, indicating that the effect of the stimulation remains stable by at least 2 x weeks after the end of the treatment. It has been discussed as possible factors for these results: local rTMS action, change in the levels of some neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, relationship with the improvement of the depressive condition and possible learning effect by repetition within a short period of time between tests. Ergo, based on a sample of only 10 patients, the rTMS, regarding antidepressant effects, the behavior compared to the overall social functioning and cognitive functions, it did not yield negative effects, however it rendered some positive effects. This improvement is of primary importance for the welfare of the mother hence to the babys neuro-psychomotor, emotional and behavioral development. This will bring further outcomes that may last for the whole life for this child. In addition, the safety of TMS, which has been already proven in other researches, may, in the near future, make it a first-choice therapy for this group of patients

Il a été démontré dans plusieurs études épidémiologiques qu’il existe un risque important de dépression chez les femmes souffrant d'asthme en dehors de la grossesse. Cependant, on en connait peu sur l'association entre l'asthme pendant la grossesse et la dépression post-partum. Par conséquent, le but de cette étude était de quantifier la force de l’association entre l'asthme pendant la grossesse et la dépression post-partum. À l’aide des bases de données administratives du Québec, nous avons construit une cohorte de 35,520 grossesses de femmes asthmatiques et 197,057 grossesses de femmes non asthmatiques qui ont accouchées entre 1998 et 2009. Les femmes asthmatiques ont été identifiées à l'aide d’une définition opérationnelle validée. Nous avons utilisé la définition de Statistiques Canada pour détecter la dépression post-partum. Cette définition se base sur les codes diagnostics de la dépression enregistrés dans les bases de données de la RAMQ et de MED-ECHO dans l’année suivant l’accouchement. Un modèle d'équations généralisées a été utilisé pour estimer les ratios de cotes (RC) brutes et ajustés et les intervalles de confiance (IC) à 95% entre l’asthme pendant la grossesse et la dépression post-partum. La proportion de femmes ayant eu une dépression post-partum au cours de l’année suivant l’accouchement était plus élevée chez les asthmatiques que chez les non-asthmatiques (6,1% contre 2,9%). Après ajustement pour les variables potentiellement confondantes, nous avons observé que les femmes asthmatiques étaient 58% plus susceptibles de souffrir de dépression post-partum que les femmes non-asthmatiques (RC ajusté : 1,58 ; IC 95%, 1,50 à 1,67). Les résultats de notre étude suggèrent un risque accru de dépression post-partum chez les femmes asthmatiques. Une attention particulière devrait être accordée aux symptômes dépressifs chez les femmes asthmatiques dans l’année suivant l’accouchement pour détecter la dépression post-partum plus rapidement et intervenir plus efficacement. / There is evidence from several epidemiological studies on the increased risk of depression among women with asthma outside of pregnancy. However, we found no studies designed to investigate the association between asthma during pregnancy and postpartum depression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the association between asthma during pregnancy and postpartum depression. Based on Quebec administrative databases, we constructed a cohort of 35,520 pregnancies from asthmatic women and 197,057 pregnancies from non-asthmatic women who delivered between 1998 and 2009. Asthmatic women were identified using a validated operational definition. Postpartum depression was defined and specified with diagnostic codes for depression from the definition of Statistics Canada recorded in the RAMQ or MED-ECHO databases and assessed 1 year postpartum. A generalized estimating equation model was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of postpartum depression and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing women with and without asthma during pregnancy. The proportion of postpartum depression 1 year after delivery was higher among asthmatic compared to non-asthmatic pregnant women (6.1% vs. 2.9%). After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that women with asthma were 58% more likely to have postpartum depression (adjusted OR: 1.58; 95%CI, 1.50-1.67) than women without asthma during pregnancy. The findings of our study suggest an increased risk of postpartum depression among asthmatic women. Attention should be given to depressive symptoms in asthmatic women in the year postpartum to detect postpartum depression more rapidly and intervene more efficiently.

Depression with peripartum onset, which was previously called maternal depression, or postpartum depression, is common among many pregnant women. The condition increases impairment in maintaining relationships, self-esteem, and parenting skills. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to explore how mothers who have experienced peripartum onset (postpartum) depression perceive their social support and their ability to parent effectively. The conceptual framework was based on Albert Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. Convenience and snowball sampling were both used to obtain 6 research participants who were interviewed face-to-face or by telephone. Participants shared their experiences with depression, perceptions of social support, and how both influenced their parenting efficacy. Two cycles of coding were used: initial and focus coding. Key themes of this research study were mother’s age of onset with depression, symptoms, coping strategies, supports received, results of social supports, recommendations to other mothers, and effects of depression on parenting. The results were that mothers’ depression negatively affected parenting, which resulted in receiving social supports such as postpartum trainings, talk therapy, and psychotherapy (counseling). This study may help to close the gap and extend the literature by exploring the influence of peripartum onset (postpartum) depression on parenting. Implications for positive social change may include more direction in how human services professionals address mothers during their pregnancy or postpregnancy related to peripartum onset (postpartum) depression.

Bakgrund: ​Förlossningsdepression är ett tillstånd som drabbar upp till 15 procent av kvinnor i              Sverige efter förlossning. Obehandlat kan tillståndet medföra negativa konsekvenser för både           kvinnans och barnets hälsa. Barnmorskan har en viktig roll i att tidigt fånga upp kvinnor som                utvecklat eller är i risk för att utveckla en förlossningsdepression. ​Syfte: ​Att beskriva kvinnors              upplevelser av att genomgå en förlossningsdepression. ​Metod: ​Kvalitativ metasyntes med en           metaetnografiskanalysmetod.Datainsamlinghargenomförtsitredatabaser;PubMed,CINAHLoch           PsycInfo. Totalt ingår 17 artiklar i metasyntesens resultat, där samtliga genomgått en            kvalitetsgranskning. ​Resultat:​Fyra teman identifierades;​En identitet i förändring, En ny roll som             moder, En förhindrad anknytning och En känslomässig storm. ​Slutsats: ​Under en           förlossningsdepression upplever kvinnor känslor av identitetsförlust, svårigheter att anpassa sig till           modersrollen, problem i anknytning med barnet samt en känslomässig berg- och dalbana.            Barnmorskan har en betydande roll i förebyggandet och tidig upptäckt av förlossningsdepression.            Klinisk tillämpbarhet:​Metasyntesen kan användas av barnmorskor inommödrahälsovården,som          utgångspunkt och stöd i förbättringsarbete av vård för kvinnor som utvecklat eller är i risk för att                 utveckla en förlossningsdepression. / Background: Postpartum depression is a condition that affects up to 15 percent of women in               Sweden after childbirth. Untreated, this condition can have a negative effect on the health of both                the woman and the child. Midwives have an important role in identifying women who have               developed or are at risk of developing postpartum depression. ​Aim: ​To describe women's             experiences of postpartum depression. ​Method: ​Qualitative metasynthesis with metaethnographic         analysis method. Data was collected through three databases; PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo. A             total of 17 articles are included in the result of this metasynthesis, of which all of them passed a                   thorough quality critique.​Results: Four themes were identified;Achangingidentity,Anewroleas               a mother, A hindered bondingandAnemotionalstorm.​Conclusion:​Duringpostpartumdepression             women experience feelingsoflosingtheiridentity,difficultiesadaptingtomotherhood,problemsin             bonding with the child as well as a rollercoaster of emotions.Themidwifehasanimportantrolein                  prevention and early identification of postpartum depression. ​Clinical implications: This          metasynthesis can be used by midwives working in maternity care, as atooltoimprovethequality                 of care for women who have developed or are at risk of developing postpartum depression.

Objective: Social support and religious commitment were examined in relation to antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms in a prospective, longitudinal study to determine whether religious commitment explained variance in depression scores beyond that accounted for by social support. Background: Social support and religiosity are positively related to good mental/physical health, and depression is related to poor health outcomes in pregnancy and postpartum. It was hypothesised that social support and religious commitment would be inversely related to depressive symptoms, and that religious commitment would predict variance in depression scores over and above social support. Methods: In 106 mostly low SES Appalachian pregnant women, social support and religious commitment were measured during the first trimester. First and third trimester (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale – 10 item version), and 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) depression symptoms were measured. Hierarchical regression examined relative contributions of social support (Prenatal Psychosocial Profile) and religious commitment (Religious Surrender and Attendance Scale – 3 Item Version) to depressive symptoms at each time point while controlling for education and marital status. Results: Regression results indicated that social support and religious commitment explained 10–18% and 0–3% of the variability in depression scores, respectively. Conclusion: Both social support (all time points) and religious commitment (only at 6 months postpartum) were inversely related to depression. Pregnant women low in social support and postpartum women low in social support or religious commitment may be at increased risk for depression.

Purpose: This study was initiated to verify whether a remarkably high rate of postpartum depression (PPD), previously found in immigrant Hispanic women receiving health care at a community clinic, would also be found in a community sample with a similar demographic. Data Sources: Sixty immigrant Hispanic women who had recently given birth were recruited from local community settings. The Beck Postpartum Depression Screening Scale-Spanish version (PPDS-S) and the General Acculturation Index (GAI) were used to screen for PPD symptoms and to collect demographic data. These data were then compared with previously published data from the community clinic sample. Conclusions: Sixty percent of the immigrant Hispanic women in our community sample showed significant PPD symptoms as scored on the Beck PPDS-S. There was no significant difference found in demographics or in types of PPD symptoms between the clinic sample and the community sample. Of all the demographic data, the only statistically significant positive predictive factor for increased PPD symptoms was having a previous history of depression. In addition, 54% of the sample had an elevated symptom content profile score for suicidal thinking. Implications for Practice: Health practitioners should be aware of a potentially high rate of PPD in this population, especially in light of previously studied increased rates of suicide attempts in Latinas. If a prior history of depression is predictive of PPD, it is possible that many of the mothers in our sample suffered from depression prior to the postpartum period, but were not appropriately diagnosed or treated. Recommendations for outreach and further research are discussed. In particular, further research regarding the prenatal prevalence of depression in immigrant Hispanic women is recommended in order to further understand the high incidence of PPD.

No description available.

The lived experiences of previously infertile mothers in the early postpartum period have not been previously studied. The purpose of the research was to explore the experiences of previously infertile mothers during their early postpartum period. Colaizzi’s (1978) approach to descriptive phenomenological inquiry was used to analyze the interview data obtained from twelve first-time, previously infertile mothers. These new mothers, aged 27 to 43 years, were interviewed twice. The first interview focused on eliciting descriptions of new motherhood in the early postpartum period after overcoming infertility. The second interview validated the interpretations from the first interview and provided additional information and reflection. Two main themes emerged that described the early postpartum experience of first-time, previously infertile mothers: 1) Lingering Identity as Infertile; and 2) Gratitude for the Gift of Motherhood. Participants reported that their lingering identity as infertile and immense gratitude for the gift of motherhood propelled them to establish unrealistic expectations to be the perfect mother. When they were unable to live up to being the perfect mother, they censored their feelings of inadequacy, guilt, and shame. Findings from this study sensitize healthcare providers to the difficulties faced by previously infertile women during their transition to motherhood.

The present study aimed to explore the objective and subjective experiences of “mistreatment” in maternity care in a diverse cohort of women who gave birth in New York City hospitals to identify the prevalence and risk factors of mistreatment and measure the relationship between mistreatment and mental health (Bohren et al., 2015). The study utilized a mixed-methods cross-sectional approach. To collect the quantitative data, 109 participants <1 year postpartum completed an anonymous online survey comprising a self-report measure of demographic, health and mental health information, several mental health questionnaires and two measures of mistreatment in maternity care. 8 of these participants were interviewed about their childbirth experience. The quantitative data was analyzed utilizing linear regression, moderation analysis and path analysis, and the qualitative data was thematically coded then analyzed using Reflexive Thematic (RT) analysis. These data were then triangulated using a mixed-methods model of mistreatment. In total, 10-15% of the sample experienced mistreatment in the form of Low to Very Low respect and/or autonomy in decision making in their maternity care. Forms of mistreatment included unwanted procedures, provider pressure to undergo procedures, dismissal of women’s concerns, racial discrimination, abandonment, and medical neglect. Approximately 25% of respondents received an unwanted intervention; this was the most significant predictor of mistreatment. This relationship was moderated by race, parity and birth plan. Black, Latinx and Hispanic women experienced the lowest levels of respect in maternity care. Mistreatment in maternity care was correlated with increased risk for postpartum mental illness: decreased respect and autonomy in childbirth was associated with increased postpartum depression and PTSD symptoms. Eight themes were identified in the qualitative analysis: Discrimination and Unfair Treatment, Confusion and Abandonment, Disregard for Patient Autonomy, Hospital-Level Drivers of Mistreatment, Women Treated as Passive, Normalization of Mistreatment, Self-Advocacy and Vulnerability and, Reclaiming Power through Knowledge. Together, the triangulated mixed- methods data were fit to render a comprehensive “model of mistreatment” to illustrate direct and indirect relationships between mistreatment, mental health, race, trauma history, and childbirth preparation. These findings demonstrate that mistreatment is a multi-determined phenomenon that is interdependent with mental health and requires systematic measurement in healthcare treatment, the integration of anti-racist and patient-centered care and improved childbirth education for patients.