Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aqüicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2008. / Submitted by Cristiane Silva (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-10T12:32:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviana.pdf: 145507 bytes, checksum: 5b6588d4650811ce2cf7155c7f9e6830 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-08-21T18:04:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviana.pdf: 145507 bytes, checksum: 5b6588d4650811ce2cf7155c7f9e6830 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-21T18:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviana.pdf: 145507 bytes, checksum: 5b6588d4650811ce2cf7155c7f9e6830 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A família Carangidae engloba uma série de peixes economicamente importantes, abundantes em águas tropicais e sub-tropicais. O pampo Trachinotus marginatus apresenta fácil adaptação a sistemas intensivos de criação, comprovado pela rápida aceitação de dieta artificiais. Entretanto, para determinar a viabilidade do cultivo de uma espécie é necessário o conhecimento dos fatores limitantes para sua produção. A taxa de arraçoamento e a freqüência alimentar apropriada são importantes para o correto manejo alimentar de uma espécie cultivada. O conhecimento da “Specific dynamic action” (SDA) também é importante e pode auxiliar na determinação da capacidade suporte do sistema de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a taxa ótima de arraçoamento, a freqüência alimentar adequada e estudar a taxa de consumo de oxigênio pós-prandial para juvenis do pampo. Os experimentos foram realizados com juvenis (4,8±0,6g) coletados na natureza e aclimatados ao laboratório. Foram testadas diferentes taxas de arraçoamento (4, 8, 12, 16 e 20% da biomassa total por dia) e freqüência alimentar (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 vezes por dia). O consumo de oxigênio foi avaliado com peixes alimentados com 12% da biomassa por dia. É sugerido o uso de uma taxa de arraçoamento de 8% da biomassa por dia e a freqüência alimentar de 6 a 8x/dia para juvenis de pampo, de modo a otimizar o crescimento e a taxa de conversão alimentar aparente. Foi observado um pico de consumo de oxigênio aos 30 min após a alimentação e decorridos 150 min da alimentação, o consumo de oxigênio retornou ao nível basal. / Carangidae fish are economically important fish, abundant in tropical and subtropical environments. Pompano Trachinotus marginatus easily adapts to captivity, since wild caught fish accept dry diets soon after being captured. However, in order to determine the viability of a new species for aquaculture, it is important to know the limiting factors for its production. Daily ration and feeding frequency are important parameters to control regarding feeding management for juvenile rearing. Specific dynamic action is also important and can help to determine carrying capacity of a given rearing system. The objective of this work was to determine optimum daily ration and feeding frequency, and to study post-pandrial oxygen consumption. Wild caught juvenile pompano (4.8±0.6g) captured in the surf zone at Cassino beach (Brazil). Two independent feeding trials were carried in laboratory. In trial I pompano were fed 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% total biomass daily (% B.D-1). In trial II, juveniles were fed 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 times per day. The postprandial metabolic changes were measured with juvenile pompano fed 12%B.D-1. The best feeding ration was 8% B.D-1, while optimum feeding frequency was between 6 and 8 meals per day to maximize growth and feed conversion rate. Postprandial increase in oxygen consumption was observed 30 min after feeding and after 150 min it decreased to the standard metabolic rate.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os efeitos da suplementação com maltodextrina, na substituição do amido na dieta de eqüinos avaliando a digestibilidade aparente total da matéria seca e nutriente e as diferenças nas respostas glicêmicas e insulinêmicas das dietas determinadas. Foram utilizados quatro eqüinos fêmeas com idade aproximada de 30 meses, peso médio de 400 kg, pertencentes ao rebanho da USP. Os animais foram imunizados contra tétano, vermifugados e pulverizados contra ectoparasitos. A dieta foi composta por 50% de concentrado e 50% de volumoso, formulada para atender as exigências de crescimento e mantença da categoria eqüina utilizada. As dietas continham 50% de amido no concentrado, substituídas em 33, 66% e 100% de maltodextrina. A colheita total de fezes foi feita em um período de 24 horas durante 03 (três) dias, com animais mantidos em baias, com piso de concreto, sem cama. No primeiro dia de colheita de fezes foram realizadas as coletas de sangue em tubos previamente preparados com estabilizantes, a partir da veia jugular, 30 minutos antes, 30 minutos, 90 minutos, 150 minutos, 210 minutos após o fornecimento do concentrado para dosagem de glicose e insulina. Não foi observado efeito linear ou quadrático para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente total da matéria seca e de nutriente, no entanto foi observado uma maior coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente total da ração com 100% de substituição do amido pela maltodextrina no concentrado, para a matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido. Em relação as respostas glicêmicas e insulinêmicas foi observado efeito quadrático para a glicose quando se analisou a área abaixo da curva desta variável. Da mesma forma foi observado um comportamento linear para a insulina. Quando se analisou a resposta das variáveis em função do tempo se observou um pico de glicose e insulina entre os tempo de 1,5 a 2 horas pós-alimentação, em relação a glicose a ração com 66% de substituição apresentou maior pico e a ração com 100% de substituição apresentou maior pico de insulina. O resultado do uso da maltodextrina sobre a fisiologia digestiva e o comportamento pós-brandial em eqüinos, permite sua inclusão na dieta dos animais. / The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with maltodextrin, the replacement of starch in the diet of horses by evaluating the apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrient and differences in glycemic responses and insulinemic certain diets. There were four female horses aged approximately 30 months, average weight of 400 kg, belonging to the flock of USP. The animals were immunized against tetanus, wormed and pulverized against ectoparasites. The diet was composed by 50% concentrate and 50% forage diet formulated to meet the demands of growth and maintenance of category equine use. The diets contained 50% starch in the concentrate, replaced in 33, 66 and 100% of maltodextrin. The total collection of feces was made in a period of 24 hours over 03 (three) days, with animals kept in stalls with concrete floor, without bedding. On the first day of faeces were carried out blood samples in tubes previously prepared with stabilizers from the jugular vein 30 minutes before 30 minutes, 90 minutes, 150 minutes, 210 minutes after delivery of the concentrate to measure glucose and insulin. Were not observed effects linear or quadratic for the coefficients of apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrient, however it was observed a higher coefficient of apparent digestibility of the ration with 100% replacement of starch by maltodextrin in concentrated, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid. For the glycemic responses and insulin levels were observed quadratic effect for glucose when we analyzed the area under the curve of this variable. Similarly, it was observed a linear behavior for insulin. When analyzing their response as a function of time was observed a peak of glucose and insulin between the time of 1.5 to 2 hours post-feeding in relation to glucose diet with 66% replacement had a higher peak and cooperation with 100% replacement had a higher peak insulin. The results of maltodextrin use on digestive physiology and its post prandial behavior in equines allow its inclusion in animal diets.

L’hypertriglycéridémie postprandiale représente un facteur de risque émergent des maladies cardiovasculaires et est retrouvé en cas de syndrome métabolique, d’obésité et d’insulino-résistance. L’intestin grêle conditionne la triglycéridémie postprandiale puisque la taille et de la quantité des chylomicrons sécrétés modulent l’activité de la Lipoprotéine Lipase (LPL). La synthèse des chylomicrons est un mécanisme complexe dont l’étape de lipidation de l’Apolipoprotéine B48 (ApoB48) par la Microsomal Triglyceride Transfert Protein (MTP) et celle de leur transfert du réticulum vers le Golgi dans laquelle intervient la Liver Fatty Acid binding Protein (L-FABP) sont limitantes. Des expériences menées in vivo chez des animaux sauvages et transgéniques et ex vivo sur des segments intestinaux, nous ont permis de démontrer qu’il existe une adaptation postprandiale du métabolisme intestinal des lipides. Cette adaptation postprandiale est déclenchée par la glycoprotéine CD36 qui en présence d’acides gras à longue chaîne (AGLC) régule la voie ERK1/2 et conduit à l’induction de l’ApoB48, de la MTP et de la L-FABP. La dégradation rapide du CD36 par la voie ubiquitine-protéasome en présence d’AGLC, qui conduit à la désactivation de la voie ERK1/2, est typique d’un récepteur. Puisque d’une part les souris invalidées pour le Peroxisome Proliferator Activated receptor (PPAR) présentent une altération de l’adaptation et une hypertriglycéridémie postprandiale et que d’autre part les lipides alimentaires induisent le PPAR via CD36, CD36 et PPAR pourraient faire partie d’un mécanisme commun de régulation. En conclusion, CD36 et PPAR contribuent au sensing entérocytaire des AGLC d’origine alimentaire, responsable de l'adaptation postprandiale du métabolisme des lipides qui favorise la formation de gros chylomicrons efficacement épurés de la circulation sanguine. / Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. The small intestine participates in the postprandial triglyceridemia since both the size and number of secreted chylomicrons modulate lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL). Chylomicron synthesis is a complex mechanism in which the lipidation of Apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) by the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP) and the transfer between reticulum and Golgi in which the Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L -FABP) is involved are limiting steps. An intestinal fat-mediated adaptation in postprandial period has been demonstrated by in vivo (transgenic and wild type mice) and ex vivo (intestinal segments) approches. This postprandial adaptation is triggered by the glycoprotein CD36 in the presence of Long chain Fatty Acids (LCFA) that regulates the ERK1/2 pathway and leads to the induction of ApoB48, MTP and L-FABP. The rapid degradation of CD36 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the presence of LCFA, which leads to ERK1/2 deactivation, has a feature of a receptor. Since firstly, Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) knockout mice display an alteration of postprandial adaptation associated with a hypertriglyceridemia and secondly, dietary fat-mediated PPAR up-regulation is CD36 dependent, CD36 and PPAR might participate to a common regulation mechanism. In conclusion, CD36 and PPAR contribute to the enterocyte LCFA sensing responsible for postprandial adaptation that promotes the formation of large chylomicrons efficiently cleared into the blood.

Algumas frutas nativas brasileiras podem ser consideradas excelentes fontes de compostos bioativos de natureza fenólica. Destacamos, dentre elas, o cambuci, o araçá, o camu-camu, a cagaita, algumas espécies de maracujá silvestres e a jabuticaba. Alguns destes compostos são capazes de inibir as enzimas do metabolismo de carboidratos in vitro. A inibição das enzimas α-amilase e α-glicosidase retardam e prolonga o tempo de digestão de carboidratos reduzindo, assim, a proporção e a velocidade de glicose absorvida e, consequentemente, o aumento brusco de glicose pós-prandial no plasma. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o efeito de sucos clarificados de frutas nativas brasileiras sobre a glicemia pós-prandial em seres humanos, após consumo de uma unidade de pão branco (Tipo pão francês com aproximadamente 55 g), e estudar o efeito dos compostos fenólicos purificados a partir dos sucos sobre as enzimas α-amilase e α-glicosidase in vitro. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que todos os sucos clarificados, excetuando-se o de maracujá-alho (Passiflora tenuifila Killip), tiveram efeito positivo sobre a glicemia pós-prandial, causando redução da quantidade total de glicose absorvida (cambuci (campomanesia phae O.Berg.), cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC), camu-camu (Myciaria dúbia Mc Vaugh) e araçá (Psidium guineensis Sw)), aumento no tempo para atingir a concentração sanguínea máxima de glicose (camu-camu e cambuci), diminuição na velocidade de incremento da glicose (cambuci, cagaita, camu-camu, araçá e jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora Berg)) e diminuição do incremento percentual da glicose (todos os sucos exceto o de maracujá-alho). O consumo dos sucos causou ainda aumento da capacidade antioxidante do plasma. Os compostos fenólicos purificados a partir dos sucos testados foram capazes de inibir a atividade das enzimas α-amilase e α-glicosidase in vitro, sendo que, excetuando-se o suco de jabuticaba, todos foram mais eficientes que a acarbose na inibição da α-glicosidase / Some native Brazilian fruit can be considered excellent sources of bioactive compounds of phenolic nature. Featuring, among them, the cambuci, the araça, camu-camu, the cagaita, some species of wild passion and jabuticaba. Some of these compounds are able of inhibiting the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in vitro. Inhibition of the enzymes α-amylase and α-glycosidase slow and prolongs the digestion of carbohydrates, thus reducing the rate and velocity of glucose absorbed and therefore the sudden increase of postprandial glucose in plasma. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of fruit juices clarified Brazilian native on postprandial glycemia in humans following consumption of a unit of white bread (French bread type with approximately 55 g), and study the effect of phenolic compounds purified from the juices of the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro. The results showed that all juices clarified, except the passion fruit garlic (Passiflora tenuifila Killip), had a positive effect on postprandial glycemia, causing reduction in the total amount of glucose absorbed (cambuci (Campomanesia phae O.Berg .), cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC), camu-camu (Myciaria dubious Mc Vaughn) and araça (Psidium guineensis Sw)), increase in the time to reach maximum blood concentration of glucose (camu-camu and cambuci), decrease in speed of glucose increment (cambuci, cagaita, camu-camu, araça and jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora Berg)) and decreased percentage increase in glucose (all except the passion garlic fruit juices). The consumption of juice also caused an increase in plasma antioxidant capacity. Phenolic compounds purified from the juices tested were able to inhibit the activity of enzymes α-amylase and α-glycosidase in vitro, and, except for the juice jabuticaba, all were more efficient than acarbose in inhibiting α- glycosidase

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19996号 / 工博第4240号 / 新制||工||1656(附属図書館) / 33092 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 土居 伸二, 教授 小林 哲生, 准教授 蛯原 義雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第20464号 / 人博第814号 / 新制||人||195(附属図書館) / 28||人博||814(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 林 達也, 教授 石原 昭彦, 准教授 久代 恵介 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

No description available.

No description available.

This study investigated the effects of daily consumption of Thompson seedless raisins on markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial activation in response to an acute high-fat meal in obese individuals. Seventeen overweight men and women consumed raisins or placebo (264 kcal/d) for 14 d in a randomized cross-over design while following a low-flavonoid, weight-maintenance diet. Four high-fat (53% fat) meals were consumed with the respective treatment pre and post interventions. Measures at fasting, and 2, 3 and 4 hours postprandial included markers of oxidative stress (urinary 8-isoPGF2α; serum Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, ORAC), inflammation (serum C-reactive protein, CRP; interleukin-6, IL-6), endothelial function (serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, sICAM-1; soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1, sVCAM-1), and metabolic measures (free fatty acids (FFA), triacylglycerol (TAC), glucose, insulin). Urinary 8-isoPGF2α decreased 22% and ORAC increased 3% pre to post interventions combined. Postprandial metabolic responses differed by gender, males surpassed females for several measures: FFA, triacylglycerol, glucose, and sVCAM-1. Neither the meals nor treatment with raisins had any noteworthy influence on fasted measures of inflammation or endothelial dysfunction. Acute high fat meal consumption did not result in evidence of inflammation or oxidative stress in these relatively healthy, overweight individuals. Providing all food in regular pattern reduced measures of oxidative stress. Gender influenced metabolic responses to meals; males had a greater postprandial response in metabolic measures than females. / Master of Science