Submitted by Bruno da Costa Lucas Rodrigues (brunor270@gmail.com) on 2016-01-18T08:25:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Bruno Versão Final.pdf: 5963363 bytes, checksum: 8b1e0b7a0e8f5ae54f6183d793e06876 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2016-02-01T19:28:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Bruno Versão Final.pdf: 5963363 bytes, checksum: 8b1e0b7a0e8f5ae54f6183d793e06876 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-02-11T13:08:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Bruno Versão Final.pdf: 5963363 bytes, checksum: 8b1e0b7a0e8f5ae54f6183d793e06876 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T13:08:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Bruno Versão Final.pdf: 5963363 bytes, checksum: 8b1e0b7a0e8f5ae54f6183d793e06876 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / School Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are being increasingly used over the globe. However, the literature that analyzes the role and impact of PPP models in education is still incipient. The present study aims to contribute to the literature investigating the impact of a school infrastructure PPP contract used in municipal schools in Belo Horizonte. The methodology was based in the comparison of 46 schools under two models, being 27 schools under a PPP model and 19 schools built and operated under traditional public procurement model. The results show that the time to build schools under the PPP Model is 45% shorter and that 79% of the schools under traditional model were delivered out of the contracted term of 13 months, while all PPP units were delivered below this time. In the same vain, the satisfaction level regarding maintenance services is substantially higher under PPP than under traditional model. Specifically in relation to IT services it was not observed positive results for PPPs. Finally, principals in PPP schools have 25% more time to focus on pedagogical activities, as they spend less time with the management of non- pedagogical services. One limitation of this study is not to provide a comparative analysis between the two models in terms of costs. This study aims to contribute to the improvement of PPP regulatory models used in the education and to the discussion of the role that could be played by PPPs in the reduction of school infrastructure deficit. / As Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP) de infraestrutura escolar são cada vez mais utilizadas no mundo, entretanto as avaliações de impacto desse modelo ainda são escassas. O presente estudo contribui para essa área do conhecimento ao avaliar o impacto da utilização de PPP tanto na construção como na operação das Unidades Municipais de Educação Infantil (UMEIs) de Belo Horizonte (BH). A metodologia de pesquisa foi baseada na comparação de 46 UMEIs, sendo 27 unidades de PPP e 19 unidades construídas e operadas no modelo tradicional de contratação pública. Em relação ao impacto na construção, os principais resultados são que o tempo de obra das unidades de PPP foi 45% menor e que 79% das unidades tradicionais foram entregues fora do prazo contratado de 13 meses, enquanto que nenhuma PPP foi entregue acima deste prazo. Além disso, a PPP permitiu aumentar a escala na construção das UMEIs, superando as limitações do modelo tradicional. Dentre as principais evidências encontradas quanto ao impacto na operação, pode-se citar que os diretores de unidades de PPP afirmam ter 25% mais tempo para focar nas atividades pedagógicas, pois gastam menos tempo na gestão dos serviços não pedagógicos, e que o grau de satisfação com os serviços de manutenção das instalações físicas é substancialmente maior nessas unidades. Os resultados positivos para PPP só não apareceram em relação aos serviços de manutenção de TI. Uma limitação deste trabalho foi não conseguir realizar a comparação de custos das duas modalidades. O estudo pretende contribuir para o aprimoramento dos modelos regulatórios de PPPs em educação e para a discussão sobre o papel que pode ser desempenhado pelas PPPs na redução do déficit de infraestrutura escolar.

Submitted by Nilo Almeida (naajrj@gmail.com) on 2018-08-15T16:34:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 The Related Party Transaction in Brazilian Infrastructure PPPs - Final Version.pdf: 1720313 bytes, checksum: 169661514312285f50c2683e8bb457ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GILSON ROCHA MIRANDA (gilson.miranda@fgv.br) on 2018-08-24T14:47:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 The Related Party Transaction in Brazilian Infrastructure PPPs - Final Version.pdf: 1720313 bytes, checksum: 169661514312285f50c2683e8bb457ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:37:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 The Related Party Transaction in Brazilian Infrastructure PPPs - Final Version.pdf: 1720313 bytes, checksum: 169661514312285f50c2683e8bb457ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-11 / Transações com parte relacionadas (RPT) é um problema recorrente na maioria das empresas com propriedade compartilhada porque, ao mesmo tempo que pode trazer uma redução significante dos custos de transação, por outro lado apresenta o risco de ser abusada causando perdas para os acionistas minoritários e credores. A Parceria Público Privada (PPP) de infraestrutura, sendo um empreendimento em sociedade, está sujeito a este dilema e, devido à alavancagem proporcionada pelo Project Finance, há inclusive maiores incentivos ao comportamento oportunista. Um exemplo recente, motivando a discussão, é o case da usina hidroelétrica Santo Antônio, que, com um orçamento inicial de R$ 12 bilhões, acabou custando um total de R$ 20 bilhões. O potencial de retorno imediato por expropriação dos custos majoritários, tipo aquisição e construção para o projeto, na maioria das vezes é extremamente superior à exposição do agente oportunista às perdas durante a futura operação da infraestrutura. Neste trabalho é proposto um modelo microeconômico simples para explorar os incentivos subjacentes nos projetos de PPP com o objetivo de encontrar alternativas para mitigar o desalinhamento de incentivos causados por RPT’s nas PPPs. Finalmente, a literatura pesquisada, em conjunto com o modelo proposto, são usados na comparação com dados empíricos mostrando forte evidência de efeitos negativos das RPTs. Em muitas PPPs no Brasil, a presença de grandes construtoras nas holdings dos seus controladores, aliada à pouca experiência dos agentes governamentais e deficiência de recursos na utilização do modelo PPP, criou um ambiente muito desfavorável ao sucesso desses projetos. / The Related Party Transaction (RPT) is a recurring issue in most shared ownership companies because, at the same time, it has the potential to bring significant reduction of transaction costs, on the other hand, presents many pitfalls of being abused to the loss of the minority shareholders and creditors. The infrastructure Public Private Partnership (PPP), being a shared enterprise, is prone to this dilemma and, because project finance is extremely leveraged, there are even stronger incentives for opportunistic behavior. As a recent example to motivate the discussion there is the case of Santo Antonio hydroelectric power generation facility, which had an initial budget of R$ 12 billion and ended up costing a grand total of R$ 20 billion. The potential immediate returns of expropriation from major expenses, such as acquisition and construction for the project, most of the time, far outweighs the opportunist’s exposure to losses in the future operation of the infrastructure. It is proposed a simple microeconomic model for exploring the underlying incentives of PPP projects to help devise options for mitigating the incentive misalignment of RPTs in PPPs. Finally, the literature and the proposed model findings are used to compare with empirical data which has showed strong evidence of negative RPT effects. In many PPPs in Brazil, the presence of big construction firms in the controlling shareholders’ holdings, coupled with the government’s lack of experience and adequate resources to work with the PPP model, created a difficult environment for the financial success of those projects.

Afin de comprendre pourquoi tous les nouveaux projets de tramways en cours de développement au Canada sont réalisés en mode partenariat public-privé (PPP) plutôt que grâce au mode traditionnel (gestion publique) utilisé par le passé, cette recherche porte sur trois projets de tramways présentement en cours de réalisation (Edmonton, Ottawa et Toronto). À l’aide de trois études de cas, nous explorons l’argumentaire entourant chacune des décisions menant au choix du mode de gouvernance PPP ainsi que la forme prise par ce PPP. Nous démontrons que dans tous les cas, il est possible d’observer les mécanismes du transfert de politique, tant volontaire que coercitif. Nous croyons que le transfert de politique peut donc fournir un élément de réponse à notre question. De plus, l’argumentaire utilisé par les acteurs locaux pour justifier le choix du mode PPP, bien que semblable sur plusieurs points, comporte tout de même une combinaison de justifications unique à chacun des cas, ce qui nous laisse croire que le PPP est un instrument de politique polyvalent. Ces constats démontrent l’intérêt de prendre en considération les transferts de politique au niveau municipal et non seulement les transferts qui prennent place entre les États nationaux. To understand why all new light rail projects under development in Canada are carried out in public-private partnership (P3) rather than through the traditional mode (public administration) that prevailed in the past, this research explores three light rail projects currently underway in Edmonton, Ottawa and Toronto. We study the arguments surrounding each decision leading to the choice of P3 governance. We show that in all cases, it is possible to observe the mechanisms of policy transfer, whether voluntary or coercive. Moreover, the argument used by local actors to justify the choice of P3, although similar in several respects, still forms a unique combination of justifications for each case, which leads us to believe that P3s are a versatile policy instrument. These findings demonstrate the importance of taking into account policy transfer at the municipal level and not only transfers that take place between national states.

The aim of this thesis is to statistically determine the dependence rate of software piracy in the cultural foundation of the country and other factors. Data obtained from internet were the resources of my work. They were from the results of different surveys and case studies. The data contain values of individual indicators, each for a maximum number of countries. The nature of the collected data leads to the analysis of quantitative variables such were selected correct statistical methods. Dependence of the quantitative variables was measured by simple linear regression. The rate of this dependence determines the correlation analysis. In my case Spearman's correlation coefficient was used. Any dependence was investigated with a pair of indicators. In each of pairs was as the dependent variable rate of software piracy. For better understanding I have used the graphs. From my thesis, I expect evaluate past and current situation about software piracy in the Czech Republic and in the world, and that shows influences the amount of computer crime.

This thesis is dedicated to modern management approaches to Public Sector organizations with a special focus on projects of Public Private Partnership. This topic is one of the latest issues not only in the Czech Republic but also in numerous European countries. The public sector and its organizations are going through total modernization in these countries. This results in higher quality and more effective Public Services for citizens. I view this problem from 2 perspectives and ask the following questions which reflect the main hypothesis of this thesis: which modern approaches (tools, methods) are the most often used (intended to be used) including their contributions to higher quality and more effective management of organizations of municipalities in the Czech Republic, how is the principle of Public Private Partnership perceived and used in organizations of municipalities in the Czech Republic (Water sector) including barriers which hinder its use. It has been proven that for achieving higher quality and more effective results in the Public Sector, it is not only suitable but even systematically necessary to use modern tools of organization and management. These tools are nowadays commonly applied in the Public Sector. At the same time it has also been proven that Public Private Partnership can significantly support management in the Public Sector through its own implementation of modern tools. Further widening the use of modern tools of management and cooperation between the Public and the Private Sector is sustained through the spreading of knowledge. This is based on sharing ?good praxis?, transparent legislation and appropriate (procedural) methodology for implementation.

There has been a rapid growth of private participation in infrastructure projects throughout the world in the last three decades. China as the largest developing country in the world has a huge amount of demands for high quality infrastructure projects and public services. The government has actively developed and used the Build-Operation-Transfer (BOT) model to deliver public facilities and services, particularly after 2002. Certain benefits have been brought by the adoption of the BOT model in China's motorway and water sectors. However, issues were also found in the processes behind BOT applications. International organisations as well as scholars suggested that China should learn experiences and lessons from the UK and its PFI scheme. The UK has been the leading country to use private finance in developing public buildings and services. However, very little has been written addressing how lessons from British PFIs can be learnt by China to improve its BOT practice. This study is an attempt to address this vacuum in the existed literature. It was designed to explore the current problems of using BOTs in Chinese motorway and water sectors and looks at what needs to be improved, based upon the PFI lessons in the UK. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods has been employed and various methods of data collection used in this study. These included: 21 interviews, 2 observations and one focus group and the analysis on 14 government reports about BOTs in China. The governments' decision-makers, directors, project managers and contractors were involved in the research to explore the results and emerging issues involving the implementation of BOT models in 87 Chinese motorway and water projects in 10 cities covering six provinces. As a result of its findings, the research is able to discuss and identify the relevant experiences and lessons from PFIs in the UK to improve further application of China's BOTs. This study fills the gap in knowledge regarding comparisons between PFIs and BOTs. It also gives recommendations for good practice in relation to Chinese BOT policy decision making, development and evaluation. Finally, the study hopes to give recommendations that enable the implementation of BOT model in Chinese motorway and water sectors to be more successful in the future.

This study set out to establish an informed framework for the use of social network services in South African museums. Social network services are utilised by a wide demographic spectrum so they offer a cost-effective way to engage with communities and with existing and new stakeholders. The Standard of Generally Recognised Accounting Practice on Heritage Assets, or GRAP 103, and the draft National Policy on Digitisation of Heritage Resources imply that museum collections get documented and managed in digital form. It will coincidentally also enable museums to embrace the use of social network services and share the collections in their custody with many South Africans who are yet to experience the value of museums in the country. Museums are institutions in the service of society which acquires, conserves and communicates the tangible and intangible heritage of people and their environment. During the twentieth century museums have had to reinvent themselves from being unapproachable custodians of heritage to being part of society, willing to engage in discourses and be transformed to remain relevant to the communities they serve. The 2011 Census has found that about 18.2 million of 51.7 million South Africans have had access to the Internet before. Active Internet users however, are about half that figure because it is expensive, the broadband and telecommunications network is not efficient or because people have not yet experienced the value it offers. Government regulations compel Information and Communication Technology (ICT) enterprises to spend 1.5% net profit after tax on socio economic development initiatives. This presents an opportunity for museums as educational institutions to engage with such enterprises to expand Internet access and engage with local communities. The social network service field offers various ways to communicate collections and engage with communities through text, photographs, video and location-based technologies. Various notable local and international initiatives were discussed in this study. For example the Kulturpool which allows visitors to create cyber collections from digitised museum objects and contribute to the knowledge of such objects by allowing them to submit and share information for others to read. SAHRIS, the digital database offered by the South African Heritage Resources Agency, holds the key to similar ventures that museums could pursue. The regulative framework involves privacy, copyright and ethical issues which museums should abide by. Because of the pervasiveness of ICTs museums should take note of these regulations even if they decide not to pursue social network initiatives. ICT skills in museums are insufficient and should be improved upon. Social network services offer training and guidelines on how to use them, which could be a great help provided the reader has a good command of the English language. Cognisance must be taken of an overview social network services and their uses, and of the ethical and regulative framework for museums to benefit from using social network services to engage with communities. This way, communities may benefit from having access to the museum online. / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

In our highly digitalized society, the dependence on digital solutions and systems is integral to the function of society. While digitalization has brought numerous benefits, it has also exposed society to vulnerabilities, making it susceptible to cyberattacks. The structure of vital societal functions, involving private subcontractors and long and digital supply chains. Along with the cooperation between public and private entities having inherent weaknesses it has created a vulnerable system. As vital societal functions bear the responsibility for public services and the protection of the personal information in their possession, it is crucial that they remain open to critical examination. Due to the complexity of cybersecurity and closely related subjects, the media plays an important role in conveying a nuanced depiction of the hacker attacks and establishing important connections to closely related discourses. This is essential for fostering critical examination and public debate, especially considering the assumed limited prior knowledge of the public. This thesis examines in what way cyberattacks against vital societal functions are portrayed in the Swedish media discourses and what connections to closely related discourses are being made. The focus is specifically on New Public Management, Public-Private Partnership, and Digital Supply Chains. Through a discourses analysis using an analytical framework inspired by Carol Bacchi, this thesis concludes that cyberattacks against vital societal functions are represented in a simplified way. The vital connections to other discourses are few and weak, resulting in a content-poor discourse that possibly hinders both critical examination and a public discussion on the subject.

Les Partenariats Publics Privés (PPPs) peuvent être un outil efficace pour optimiser et moderniser la commande publique dans un contexte où les besoins en investissement public ne cessent d’accroître. Les fréquences importantes de renégociation et les difficultés à estimer correctement les revenus futurs demeurent un défi majeur lors de la structuration financière des PPPs. Ce travail propose d’incorporer des clauses financières flexibles afin de remédier à ce problème. L’approche développée se base sur les théories d’options réelles et d’optimisation multi-objectif. Dans un premier temps, une méthodologie adéquate pour la gestion des risques est développée. La volatilité du projet est déterminée par le biais de la simulation de Monte Carlo et un déflateur stochastique est introduit afin de conduire les différentes valorisations d’options sous la probabilité historique. Ce travail développe dans un second temps, quatre formes de flexibilité qui permettent de réajuster l'équilibre financier du projet, si le revenu est insuffisant. Enfin une approche d’optimisation multi-objectif est développée afin de permettre de visualiser les différents compromis auxquels l’introduction de la flexibilité donne lieu. / Public private partnerships can be a solution to the dilemma of how to do more with less available funds that public entities are constantly financing in the last decades. If implemented properly, Public Private Partnerships can contribute to the modernization of public service provision and can constitute efficient vehicles for the delivery of optimal value for money. The high incidence of renegotiation as well as the difficulty of accurately predicting the future demand on the projects is a matter of concern when it comes to the financial structuring of Public Private Partnerships. This work proposes a real-option- based optimization framework to boost the financial viability of the projects. This is done by introducing flexible financial clauses. First, an adequate framework for risk management, where volatility is derived by Monte Carlo simulation and the valuation is made without switching to the risk neutral measure, is presented. Four families of flexible clauses are, afterwards, investigated. Such clauses are triggerred, if the revenue level of the projet is not sufficient to guarnatee its financiel viability. Finally, this work develops a multi-objective optimization approach in order to assess the different trade-offs that the introduction of flexibility leads to. The proposed optimization problem is solved via multi-objective evolutionary algorithms.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane G Franco.pdf: 943470 bytes, checksum: 45f773155d93a597c9e3e78b00e5a861 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-16 / Risk allocation is one of the main sources of efficiency gains in public-private partnerships projects (PPP). Resting on this evidence, this dissertation has as a main goal to assess and analyse the risk allocation in PPP projects in Brazil. To reach this purpose it is used the case study of the MG-050 Highway PPP project contract. The contract analysis seeks to identify the risk allocation strategy intended by the Minas Gerais government and to make a comparision between this strategy and the international practices and principles. This analisys takes in count too the brazilian federal PPP Law (Law 11.079/2004) which delineates the brazilian partnerships model. From the case study, it s possible to identify an effort to apply the main risk allocation principles to the contract. However, there are some critical points that could create difficulties to the contract performance / A adequada alocação de riscos é uma das principais fontes de eficiência nos projetos de parcerias público-privadas (PPPs). A partir dessa constatação, esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo avaliar e analisar a alocação de riscos em projetos de PPP no Brasil. Para tanto, é utilizado como estudo de caso o contrato de PPP da Rodovia MG-050, através do qual se busca identificar a estratégia de alocação de riscos pretendida pelo governo mineiro e em que medida essa estratégia se aproxima de práticas e princípios já consagrados pela experiência internacional. A Lei 11.079/2004 (Lei das PPPs), através da qual o modelo brasileiro de parcerias está delineado, também é considerada no estudo de caso. Da análise empreendida, identifica-se um empenho do Poder concedente em transferir riscos ao parceiro privado segundo princípios empregados, principalmente, pela experiência inglesa e australiana. Contudo, observa-se a existência de alguns pontos críticos que poderão exercer impacto na condução do contrato