This theses deals with diagnostic of speech development of pre-school children. Its focus is on lexical-semantic language level. The goal of my work is to trace and map diagnostic possibilities in the lexical- semantic area of of pre-school children and to introduce the international PPVT test , considering its adaptation into czech language environment. Theses consists of two parts - the theoretical and empiric. Theoretical part is concern with the most important theories and personalities in the speech development and the process of experiencing language, characteristics of pre-school period, ontogenesis of speech and the ways to evaluate vocabulary and semantics in Czech and overseas. The empiric part examines the usages of PPVT in czech environment. The survey was realised by quantitative research, using datas from 236 tested individuals. The PPVT was adapted into czech language and given to preschool children, whose results were compared with the results of american children. The outcomes of the empiric part could be a solution for future research in the area, with the purpose of adapting a testing- language instrument into czech language and widening the limited possibilities in the field of language and speech development evaluation. Keywords: ontogenesis of speech, pre-school period,...

This thesis focuses on the topic of parental separation and awarding custody of pre-school and early-school aged children. In the theoretical part the specifics of each developmental stage and also of the mother's and father's role are described. In the following chapter the thesis focuses on the process of parental separation, its phases, causes and its influence on children. Also the most typical phenomenons and risks connected with this complicated situation are mentioned. Not to be forgotten, the legal side of the process is also included. The thesis contains empirical part, in which structured interviews with social workers were led, in order to map current trends, the most serious risks, the possibilities of different forms of custody and the role of psychologists in parental separation in the Czech environment. Key words: parental separation, awarding custody of child, pre-school age, early-school age, sole custody, joint custody

This master's thesis deals with the development of a coherent expression and understanding of read out text by pre-school age children. Theoretical part is focused on a speech development, coherent expression, reading pre-literacy, fairytales and a topic of asking questions. This work also includes the characteristics of a pre-school education and environmental care issues. Furthermore this work defines important knowledge from the General educational programme for preschool education, from which was a practical part preparation based on. Its goal was to design a development of coherent expression and understanding of read out text project, connected with the "What happens under the ground" topic, design particular lessons, implement them in a general kindergarten, reflect its realization and suggest recommendation for practice. Importance of a kindergarten teacher role was confirmed, because he or she is for children speaking idol. Involvement of parents into the project seems as very beneficial - for family relationship, reading pre-literacy and coherent expression children development. Moreover children during the project realization improved their ability to answer higher cognitive difficulty questions.

Studien har fokus på hur ett antal förskollärare tolkar sitt uppdrag när det gäller barns skriftspråkande i förskolan. De två problemformuleringen är följande; Hur tolkar ett antal förskollärare sitt uppdrag när det gäller barns lärande och villkor av skriftspråket? Hur ser ett antal förskollärare på sina förutsättningar att stödja barns skrivande med utgångspunkt i att barn är meningsskapande i sitt sätt att använda skriftspråket? Det teoretiska ramverket utgörs av tre förekommande perspektiv eller synsätt på barns skriftspråksutveckling. De är sociokulturellt perspektiv, kognitivt perspektiv och utvecklingspedagogiskt perspektiv. Begreppet livsvärld intar en övergripande ram för att ytterligare vägleda analysen av forskningsfrågorna utifrån att studiens studieobjekt är förskollärare. Metodansats är hermeneutisk eftersom det är förskollärarnas berättelser och deras tolkning av sitt uppdrag som är i fokus i studien och därmed används också intervjuer i form av samtalsguider. Förskollärarna tolkningar lyfts fram utifrån ett antal kategorier som framkom under arbetet med resultat och analys. I analysen av resultatet framkommer en splittrad bild men även till viss del en samstämmig bild av förskollärarnas tolkning av sitt uppdrag när det gäller skriftspråkande i förskolan. Den splittrade bilden handlar om hur barn lär om skriftspråket och vad som ska ingå i undervisningen om skriftspråket i förskolan. Samstämmigheten handlar om att utbildning behövs för att höja förskollärares kompetens. En slutsats blir att  det behövs tydliga direktiv om hur uppdraget ska tolkas gällande undervisning av skriftspråket i förskolan. I slutdiskussionen uppmärksammas också de möjligheter förskolebarn har att lära om skriftspråket utifrån förskolelärarnas tolkning av sitt uppdrag. / The study has a focus on the way that a number of preschool teachers interpret their assignment regarding children’s literacy in preschool. The two research questions are: how do these preschool teachers interpret their assignment regarding children’s literacy learning and opportunities? How do these preschool teachers regard their qualifications to support children’s writing with the starting point that children are using literacy meaningfully? The theoretical frameworks include three perspectives or approaches on children’s written language development. They are sociocultural perspective, cognitive perspective and developing educational perspective. The concept livsvärld or lifeworld provides an overall frame to further direct the analysis of the studies and research questions since the object of the study is the preschool teacher. The methodological approach is hermeneutic since it is the preschool teachers` narrative and interpretations of their assignment that are in focus, and therefore interviews have been used as a form of dialog guide. The preschool teachers’ interpretations highlight a number of categories that emerged from the analysis. In the analysis of the results, there emerged a fragmented picture but also some area of agreement and concordance amongst the views of the preschool teachers regarding their interpretations of their assignment regarding children’s literacy in preschool. The fragmented picture is about how preschool children learn about literacy and what should be included in teaching about literacy in preschool. The consistent picture is that there is a need for more training to increase their competence in relation to how preschool children learn about literacy. A conclusion is that there is a need for distinct guidance about how to interpret the assignment of beginning the teaching of literacy in preschool. In the final discussion, attention is also drawn to preschool children’s opportunity to learn about literacy based on the preschool teacher’s interpretation of their assignment.

This diploma thesis aims to introduce the topic of emotion stimulation and emotion regulation in pre-school age from the perspective of adults and to look for institutional possibilities of development and support of emotional development of pre-schoolers. The text consists of two main parts: theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part, the main terms of the thesis (emotion stimulation and emotion regulation) are introduced and presented in the context of pre-school age. In this context, the focus is on the two main areas of a pre-schooler's life: family and, primarily, kindergarten. This part of the thesis is concluded by a summary of the importance of the optimal stimulation and support of the emotion regulation skills in pre-schoolers. The empirical part has a qualitative character. It explores how selected kindergarten teachers (n=5) stimulate and regulate emotional expression of their pupils. The empirical survey uses thematic analysis of semi-structured interview and video recording. The results of the analysis are discussed in the final chapter. Keywords: emotion stimulation, emotion regulation, pre-school age, kindergarten, emotion regulation strategies

Den här studien handlar om äventyrspedagogik som metod där syftet är att utforska och bidra med förståelse för vad den pedagogiska metoden äventyrspedagogik innebär. Frågeställningarna som valdes ut för att svara upp till syftet berör hur och varför förskollärare arbetar med äventyrspedagogik, hur förskollärare ser på äventyrspedagogikens möjligheter att stimulera barns lek och lärande samt vilka pedagogiska utmaningar som finns i arbetssättet. Studien är av kvalitativ ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts som metod för att svara upp till frågeställningarna. För att kunna få ett resultat bearbetades teman och kategorier fram utifrån de transkriberade intervjuerna. Urvalsgruppen innefattar fem förskollärare från två olika förskolor i två olika kommuner som arbetar med äventyrspedagogik som metod i sin vardagliga verksamhet. Fyra av dessa förskollärare har läst Furmarks (1999) kurs i äventyrspedagogik som ges vid Luleå Tekniska universitet. Resultatet på studien visar på ett stort engagemang hos de berörda förskollärarna, där flera fått en nytändning i sin yrkesprofession. Samtliga respondenter svarade att lek uppstod utifrån de erfarenheter barn förvärvar i ett äventyr samt att lek och lärande hör ihop med varandra. Den kunskap som barn får genom äventyrspedagogik är bland annat samarbete och den sociala utvecklingen barn emellan. De pedagogiska utmaningar som belystes var frågor om tid, materiella resurser, språk samt funktionsnedsättningar.

In this study, the aim is to investigate what kind of attitude teachers in pre-school up to third grade has towards grammar and how this subject affects their lesson plans. To answer this purpose, 44 teachers have taken part in the survey by answering anonymously on a questionnaire regarding their attitude to grammar. The questions in the questionnaire concerned both the teachers' previous experience in grammar and what they know and think of today when they hear the term grammar. Teachers were asked to send a lesson plan for grammar in the form of documents, also anonymously. There were few of the teachers who submitted a lesson plan and it will be problematized in this study, along with the documents that have been received. A comparison between the teachers' attitude, previous research and both the existing and nonexistent lesson plans are made. The result of this study shows that there are more teachers who have a positive attitude towards grammar than a negative attitude. It is not possible to generalize and claim that the results of this study are the truth for all teachers' attitudes. This study provides an insight into teachers' attitudes to grammar and how it can affect lesson planning and also the choice of having no lesson plan at all. / I denna studie är syftet att undersöka vad svensklärare som undervisar i fk-3 har för attityd till grammatik och om/hur det påverkar deras lektionsplanering. För att svara på detta syfte har 44 stycken lärare medverkat i undersökningen genom att svara anonymt på en enkät gällande deras attityd till grammatik. Frågorna i enkäten riktar sig både till lärarnas tidigare upplevelse och erfarenhet till grammatik och vad de känner och tänker på idag när de hör begreppet grammatik. Lärarna blev ombedda att skicka med en lektionsplanering för undervisning i grammatik i form av dokument, även det anonymt. Det var få av lärarna som skickade med en lektionsplanering och det kommer i denna studie att problematiseras, tillsammans med de dokument som kommit in. En jämförelse mellan lärarnas attityd, tidigare forskning och både de befintliga och ickebefintliga lektionsplaneringarna görs. Resultatet för denna studie visar att det är fler lärare som har en positiv attityd till grammatik än en negativ attityd. Men att det är fler betyder inte att resultatet inte visat några negativa attityder. Det går inte att generalisera och påstå att resultatet i denna studie är en sanning för alla lärares attityder. Denna studie ger en inblick i svensklärares attityder till grammatik och hur den kan påverka lektionsplaneringen och även valet av att inte ha någon planering alls.

Economic reality of these days shows that pension, social, fiscal and educational system (we did not deal with flat politics friendly to young families) suffer from disputable till wrong decisions in last months and years. Many of such a decision seemed not to be effected based on scientific and expert analyses, results and recommendations but based on influence and obstinacy of the lobbyist parties and other groups. In the area of social politics we are missing the real social abstraction (i.e. long-term perspective of the social politics bearing) which could be acceptable by the residents. Pension savings and supplementary insurance act as barter -- we send to you contributions, you invest them into our bonds emitated to balance government debt (caused by this contributions as well) -- you have your profits, we have balance and meet liabilities. Fiscal system with its deductions, discounts and consolidations gives a favour to specific groups prior to the others. Social system with its substitutional durations, early pensions, excess indexation, parent leave duration and other advantages destroys natural development of the society, its revenues and expenditures. Early age educational system cannot ensure a sufficient pre-school education and changes parents into the bribees in bulk in order to find a place for their children (4-years and older). Than prolonged compulsory education causes prolonged entrance to the job market. High schools and universities throw up crowds of graduates without necessary practical skills which cause high amount of a young unemployment. We are the country of phenomenons. In the area of supplementary insurance support to the private pension companies we are the best. In the area of advanced women support for family and occupational life coordination (part-time jobs, flexible labour contracts, huge scale of pre-school day-care service) we are the worst and not only in domestic but also international comparison. We face absence of qualified work-force, human capital (necessary for healthy economic and social progress) in 50 or 60 years. This thesis has had for one's object to confirm or disconfirm the main hypothesis that with combination of defined important instruments and politics (aimed to non-financial benefits and huge flexible labour contracts supply) there is a possibility to achieve the long-term sustainability and balance of the pension account with not big shortage, no direction to destroy the whole economic development and with support to flexible job market. For children the thesis perhaps controversially looks as for human capital but from the economic point of view this is correct. In case of the Czech Republic the government approach does not work, the municipalities approach is absolutely unconceptual which restrains in many regions to achieve the co-operation of work and family life, to achieve the high standard of living of families, both due to unsupported pre-school day-care. We could accept one new solution -- no employers pension funds but employers pre-school day-care in co-operation with government and municipalities. This thesis established a hypothesis at the beginning which has been confirmed. PAYG in case of correct co-operation of important politics remains in long-term period stable (on condition 2 children for 1 mother), is just and effective. State income redistribution has moved to the service provider. Costs of such a day-care have been covered by revocation or reduction of the supplementary pension benefits, cancellation of the second pension pillar, shortening of the parent leave supplement, increasing of the employment and employees activity, increasing of efficiency and productivity and consequently profits of the companies and tradesmen. In combination with the high-quality fiscal politics without distortion and without one-side favouritism and senseless reliefs there has been secured stability of pension account, whole economy and public finance. Lower redistribution has been compensated by higher consumption and investment, government spending etc.

Because music is sound, the development of the young child's musical intelligence is integrally linked to his/her auditive development. By neglecting to develop the child's musical intelligence, and in particular by neglecting the age-controlled auditive development of the young child, essential learning stages may be missed. It is therefore encouraging that the government has stated its intention to introduce a compulsory reseption year (Grade 0) for five to six year old children. There is, however, at present no comprehensive pre-school music education programme available which specifically focuses on the auditive development of the child in the process of developing his/her musical intelligence. In this study, a comprehensive music education programme based on the praxial philosophy of music education has been compiled. It promotes procedural knowledge (making music), without negating propositional knowledge (knowing about music). It is hoped that the study will assist the class teacher as well as the music specialist as they strive to develop the musical intelligences of South Africa's pre-school children. / Thesis (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Music / unrestricted

Orientador: Neusa Maria Mendes de Gusmão / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T00:08:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prado_PatriciaDias_D.pdf: 13091883 bytes, checksum: 52034ccd416893f1e06718339f12e90d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar e compreender a condição infantil através das relações de idade e da produção das culturas infantis entre crianças pequenas em contexto educativo, buscando trazer para o debate novas questões de um tema ainda incipiente que começa a ser pensado. Para tanto, esta pesquisa buscou, através do estudo etnográfico, observar, descrever e analisar o cotidiano de crianças pequenas (especialmente de 3 a 6 anos de idade) em uma instituição de Educação Infantil pública da cidade de Campinas/SP. O centro das preocupações nesta investigação, portanto, refere-se à necessidade de ampliação do conceito de infância para além das concepções teóricas da psicologia do desenvolvimento infantil, no campo do conhecimento das Ciências Sociais, em especial, na Antropologia, articulada às produções brasileiras e italianas no campo da Educação Infantil, para além de um recorte etário, em espaços privilegiados de relações diversas (de classe, de etnia, de gênero, etc.) entre crianças da mesma idade e de idades diferentes e suas implicações na construção de uma Pedagogia da Educação Infantil que conheça quem são as crianças e o que elas estão produzindo para além das determinações etapistas e delimitações cronológicas impostas, contrariando a idade / Abstract: This research aims at investigating and understanding the childhood condition through age relationships and production of childhood culture among small children in educational context, raising new questions related to a budding issue. Therefore, through ethnographic studies, the focus of this research was to observe, describe and analyze the everyday life of small children (mainly from 3 to 6 years old) at a public institution of Early Childhood Education in Campinas/SP. Thus, the core of the concern in this investigation is related to the necessity for a broader concept of childhood beyond the theoretical concepts of child developmental psychology, towards Social Sciences knowledge, mainly Anthropology. This broader concept, intertwined with Brazilian and Italian productions in the Childhood Education field, involves children in different age groups, in privileged spaces of a variety of relationships (including social class, ethnic, gender, etc¿) among children in the same and in different age groups, and its implications in the construction of a Pedagogy of Early Childhood Education that knows who these children are and what they are producing beyond any stage theory determinations and imposed chronological demarcations, as opposed to their age / Doutorado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Doutor em Educação