Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a specific type of short-duration vertigo that is provoked by changes in head position and usually lasts less than one minute. It is a common vestibular pathology that can have significant effects on patient safety, quality of life, and medical costs. Therefore, it is crucial that medical students are educated and trained to facilitate and coordinate care of patients who may have undiagnosed BPPV. Because there is evidence to suggest that physicians—specifically primary care physicians—may not be properly equipped in their education to manage patients with BPPV, the purpose of this study was to investigate medical students’ evaluations of their preparedness to provide evidence-based care in the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV. An anonymous survey was administered via email to medical students in their fourth and final year of medical school at East Tennessee State University’s Quillen College of Medicine. This survey includes statements about the evidence-based Clinical Practice Guideline on BPPV provided by the American Academy of Otolaryngology. Respondents rated the degree to which they agreed or disagreed with how prepared they felt to address each item using a 5-point response scale from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” Of the 70 students in the current fourth year class, 41 (59%) completed the survey. Students felt prepared for some aspects of diagnosing and treating BPPV, especially with regard to their general knowledge of BPPV, its impact on patients’ lives, and the options available to manage it. They felt less prepared to know when or if it is appropriate to recommend additional testing, imaging, or medication. They did not feel confident in their ability to perform the maneuvers to diagnose and treat BPPV. Overall, these results suggest medical students have a good foundation in their knowledge of BPPV. These results also propose topics to support more specialized training during their residencies to build upon the foundational knowledge obtained during their didactic training and optimize diagnosis and management of BPPV.

This dissertation addresses the top two “most critical web-application security risks” by combining two high-level contributions. The first high-level contribution introduces and evaluates collaborative authentication, or coauthentication, a single-factor technique in which multiple registered devices work together to authenticate a user. Coauthentication provides security benefits similar to those of multi-factor techniques, such as mitigating theft of any one authentication secret, without some of the inconveniences of multi-factor techniques, such as having to enter passwords or biometrics. Coauthentication provides additional security benefits, including: preventing phishing, replay, and man-in-the-middle attacks; basing authentications on high-entropy secrets that can be generated and updated automatically; and availability protections against, for example, device misplacement and denial-of-service attacks. Coauthentication is amenable to many applications, including m-out-of-n, continuous, group, shared-device, and anonymous authentications. The principal security properties of coauthentication have been formally verified in ProVerif, and implementations have performed efficiently compared to password-based authentication. The second high-level contribution defines a class of SQL-injection attacks that are based on injecting identifiers, such as table and column names, into SQL statements. An automated analysis of GitHub shows that 15.7% of 120,412 posted Java source files contain code vulnerable to SQL-Identifier Injection Attacks (SQL-IDIAs). We have manually verified that some of the 18,939 Java files identified during the automated analysis are indeed vulnerable to SQL-IDIAs, including deployed Electronic Medical Record software for which SQL-IDIAs enable discovery of confidential patient information. Although prepared statements are the standard defense against SQL injection attacks, existing prepared-statement APIs do not protect against SQL-IDIAs. This dissertation therefore proposes and evaluates an extended prepared-statement API to protect against SQL-IDIAs.

In Reallaboren kooperiert die Hochschule mit Akteuren der Gesellschaft, um Veränderungsprozesse zur Nachhaltigen Entwicklung umzusetzen und zu beobachten. Durch systematisch vorbereitete Projekte wird der studentische Lernerfolg mit dem Erreichen konkreter Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse verbunden. Dies führt zu einem nachhaltigen Lernen, das im Sinne der Nachhaltigen Entwicklung wirkt.

Learning environments that intrigue the Generation Z learner while transferring communication, collaboration, creativity and critical thinking skills are what is needed to prepare this generation for the challenges that they are going to face in the 21st century. This research focuses on design principles that would help educators and students in designing (and co-designing) game-based learning environments conducive to not only transferring content knowledge, but also of the most applauded skills that new graduates are compelled to possess. Employers agree that the students do not have what it takes to be successful in the 21st century workplace. Especially in South African context, the focus of higher education institutions can therefore not only be on content delivery, but has to also be on the development of the 4Cs, communication, collaborations, creativity and critical thinking. The research was conducted at the University of Pretoria where an existing reality game, The Amazing Race, was adapted and re-conceptualised for educational purposes. The overarching search for design principles that could be beneficial in the implementation of a game-based learning environment was guided by an investigation of the elements of the game implemented, the characteristics of games and finally the opportunities afforded to develop the 4Cs. The freshman engineering students’ experiences are discussed using the students’ own voices, and the design principles that surfaced are discussed. It seems as if there are distinct principles that could ease the efforts of practitioners in the implementation of similar learning environments. Further research is needed to refine the principles to other learning environments. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / PhD / Unrestricted

A project report submitted to the faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of Science in Engineering. Heidelberg Transvaal, 1993. / The obiective of this research is to propose a model by which maintene may be managed in the prepared foods industry. Various companies in this industry have implemented modules of a maintenance administration system. Nowhere, for this industry, does a structured programme which will provide tha maintenance manager with the elements of an administration system, their sequence of implementation and their interrelationships exist. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version] / AC2017

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Consumption of prepared foods is increasing dramatically. A more harried lifestyle, the changing role of women --and men, the advancement of household appliances, and improvements in food processing technology have all played significant roles in this increase. This study identifies prepared food users and non-users and compares their psychographic and demographic profiles. Study results are presented and implications drawn from the results are discussed.

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The purpose of our study is to investigate how children interact in play with prepared and non-prepared material respectively to contribute with the knowledge of childrens opportunities for different ways of interaction. The study was performed with a qualitative consisting of observation including video observation and field notes. Two different departments from a preschool in south of Sweden participated in the observations. The theoretical base of the study is a social cultural perspective which in this study means focus on interaction with the material and other children. In the the result it is stated that children use their imagination to give non-prepared material new not foreseen purposes. The symbolic weight of prepared material is the base of how children use it. When children interact with different materials the conditions for different types of interactions and feelings are created. In our study we could see that children themselves prefer play with prepared material however children tend to interact more between the when playing with non-prepared material. / Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka hur barn samspelar i leken medfärdigt respektive ofärdigt material för att bidra med kunskaper om barnsmöjligheter till olika samspel. Undersökningen genomfördes med enkvalitativ metod bestående av observation vilket inkluderadevideoobservation och fältanteckningar. Två olika avdelningar från enförskola i södra Sverige deltog i observationerna. Studiens teoretiskautgångspunkt är sociokulturellt perspektiv vilket i denna studie innebärfokus på samspel med material och med andra barn. I resultatet framgår detatt barn använder sin fantasi för att ge ofärdigt material nya ändamål ochsyften som inte är förutbestämda. Den symboliska vikten i färdigt materialär utgångspunkten till vad barnen gör med materialet. När barnen samspelarmed olika material skapas förutsättningar till olika typer av samspel ochkänslor. I vår studie framkom det att barn själva föredrar lek med färdigtmaterial. Däremot tenderar barnen att samspela mer med varandra när deleker med ofärdigt material.

Cette thèse porte sur des analyses acoustiques et prosodiques du français à partir de grandes masses de données orales illustrant différents styles de parole (préparée et spontanée). Nous nous sommes intéressées aux attributs acoustiques et prosodiques qui pourraient caractériser la prononciation. En français, de nombreuses erreurs de reconnaissance automatique de la parole (RAP) sont dues à des mots fréquents homophones. Pour ces mots, la solution correcte dépend du modèle de langage. Une classification automatique (CA) a été effectuée pour discriminer deux paires homophones (‘et/est’ et ‘à/a’) par des propriétés acoustiques et prosodiques. Les résultats de la CA ont montré que le paire ‘et/est’ était plus dissociable. La CA par des attributs prosodiques et inter-segmentaux (15 attributs) s’est avérée aussi performante que celle utilisant la totalité des 62 attributs. Un test perceptif a été également effectué pour vérifier si les humains utilisaient eux aussi ces paramètres. Les résultats ont suggéré que des informations acoustiques et prosodiques pourraient être utiles pour effectuer un choix correct de mots dans des structures syntaxiquement ambigües. Ensuite, nous avons examiné des propriétés prosodiques globales aux niveaux du nom et du syntagme nominal. La comparaison entre mots lexicaux et grammaticaux a montré que la fréquence fondamentale (F0) montante et l’allongement vocalique de la dernière syllabe caractérisent les mots lexicaux, par opposition aux mots grammaticaux. Ainsi, le profil de F0 moyenne d’un syntagme nominal de longueur n pourrait être différent de celui du nom avec une valeur de F0 basse au début du syntagme. Les profils prosodiques peuvent être utiles pour localiser frontières de mots. Les résultats de ce travail pourront servir à localiser le focus et les entités-nommées par des classifieurs discriminants, et de manière plus générale à améliorer les techniques de localisation des frontières des mots pour la RAP. / This thesis focuses on acoustic and prosodic (fundamental frequency (F0), duration, intensity) analyses of French from large-scale audio corpora portraying different speaking styles: prepared and spontaneous speech. We are interested in particularities of segmental phonetics and prosody that may characterize pronunciation. In French, many errors caused by automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems arise from frequent homophone words, for which ASR systems depend on language model weights. Automatic classification (AC) was conducted to discriminate homophones by only acoustic and prosodic properties depending on their part-of-speech function or their position within prosodic words. Results from AC of two homophone pairs, et/est (and/is) and à/a (ton/has), revealed that the et/est pair was more discriminable. A selection of prosodic and inter-phoneme attributes, that is 15 attributes, performed as good results as with 62 attributes. Then corresponding perceptual tests have been conducted to verify if humans also use acoustico-prosodic parameters for the discrimination. Results suggested that acoustic and prosodic information might help in operating the correct choice in similar ambiguous syntactic structures. From the hypothesis that pronunciation variants were due to varying prosodic constraints, we examined overall prosodic properties of French on a lexical and phrase level. The comparison between lexical and grammatical words revealed F0 rise and lengthening at the end of final syllable on lexical words, while these phenomena were not observed for grammatical words. Analyses also revealed that the mean profile of a n length noun phrase could be different from that of a n length noun with a low F0 at the beginning of a noun phrase. The prosodic profiles can be helpful to locate word boundaries. Findings in this thesis will lead to localize focus and named-entity using discriminative classifiers, and to improve word boundary locations by an ASR post-processing step.