Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamos eismo saugumo problemos ir eismo įvykių tendencijos Lietuvoje bei Vilniaus mieste, ištirti eismo saugumą įtakojantys faktoriai, nagrinėjamas saugaus eismo sistemą reguliuojančių įstatymų ir saugų eismą užtikrinančio prevencinio darbo ryšys. Teisės aktai vertinami jų funkcionalumo visuomenėje požiūriu. Laikomasi nuostatos, kad saugaus eismo sistemos veiksmingumą lemia efektyvus teisės normų taikymas ir institucijų, atsakingų už prevencinį darbą, veiklos kontrolė. Darbe nagrinėjama vienos iš atsakingų už prevencinį darbą saugaus eismo srityje institucijų – Vilniaus miesto vyriausiojo policijos komisariato viešosios policijos Eismo priežiūros tarnybos – darbuotojų požiūris į atliekamą darbą, motyvacija dirbti bei pareigūnų atliekamo prevencinio darbo poveikis saugiam eismui ir eismo dalyvių elgsenai. / In this postgraduate final work investigates the traffic safety problems and traffic actions trend in Lithuania and Vilnius, investigated traffic safety influenced factors, discusses the connection between the legal basis regulating the system of safe traffic and the preventive work ensuring safe traffic. Legal arts are estimated from the standpoint of their function in society. The essence of the described problem lies in the fact that efficiency of safe traffic system is settled by the application of legal regulations and the qualitative work of the officers who are responsible for it. The method of work is based on the research of Vilnius Highway police services – viewpoint to work, motivation and the preventive work done by the officers of the Highway police.

Magistriniame darbe tiriamas profesinės mokyklos mokinių nuomonė apie tabako, alkoholio, narkotikų vartojimo prevencinę veiklą. Pirmoje darbo dalyje aptarinėjamas: 1) tabako, alkoholio, narkotikų vartojimo prevencinės veiklos problemų sprendimas. Apžvelgtos tabako, alkoholio, ir neteisėtų narkotikų vartojimo priežastys ir jų vartojimo padariniai moksliniame kontekste; 2) pateikiama tabako, alkoholio ir narkotikų vartojimo kontrolę Lietuvos ir Europos reglamentuojanti teisės aktų apžvalga; 3) nagrinėjama narkotinių medžiagų vartojimo prevencinė veikla ir jos reikšmė ugdant paauglius. Antroje darbo dalyje analizuojama teisėtų ir neteisėtų narkotikų vartojimo plėtra Lietuvos jaunimo tarpe. Trečioje dalyje aptariama profesinio mokymo įstaigų mokinių nuomonė apie tabako, alkoholio, narkotikų vartojimo prevencinė veikla. Nustatytas mokinių požiūris į narkotikų vartojimą, bandytos išsiaiškinti priežastys, kodėl jaunimas pradeda rūkyti tabaką, vartoti alkoholį ar kitus narkotikus. Taip pat pateikiama nuomonė apie prevencinę veiklą mokymo įstaigoje bei priemones, kurios padėtų mažinti tabako, alkoholio, narkotikų vartojimo plėtrą jaunimo tarpe. Tyrimo aktualumas: Pasirinkta tema yra aktuali todėl, kad narkomanija yra jaunimo tarpe itin plintantis reiškinys. Aktualu pasirinktą temą nagrinėti dėl to, kad žinant, kaip mokiniai vertina narkotikų vartojimo prevencinę veiklą, galima būtų efektyviau taikyti narkotinių medžiagų prevencines priemones. Tyrimo objektas: tabako, alkoholio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The paper studied vocational training trainees on students' opinion of tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse prevention activities. In the first part of the work discussed: 1) tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse prevention activities addressing. Overview of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use causes and consequences of their use in the scientific context, 2) the case of tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse control and the Lithuanian legislation governing the review and 3) examined substance use prevention activities and the significance of raising teenagers. The second part contains an analysis of licit and illicit drug use and the development of Lithuanian youth. In the third section of the Vocational Training trainees students views on tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse prevention activities. Bound students approach to drug use, attempts to clarify the reasons why young people begin using tobacco, alcohol or other drugs. It is also the opinion of the preventive activities of educational institutions and measures to reduce tobacco, alcohol and drug use in the development of young people. The importance of investigation: The chosen topic is very important, because drug abuse has become popular among teenagers. Current theme chosen for consideration because knowing how to assess students in drug use prevention can be managed effectively to drug prevention programs. Subject of investigation: tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse prevention activities at a vocational school. Aim of investigation:... [to full text]

Abstract The main subject of this essay is conflicts at work and the effect it has on the employee´s health.  I can through various reports read that bad health at workplaces is too high and that conflicts are a reason. What can be done to the work environment so it will be better from a psychosocial perspective? Sweden has a regulation that makes the employer responsible to work for an improvement in the work environment; can these regulations be used in purpose to reduce conflicts? My first question concerns the possibility to establish preventive procedures in the workplace systematic work regarding to improve the work environment. My second question is about the obligations of the employer to attempt to reduce conflicts at the workplace and the third question regards the documenting and monitoring of conflicts and the preventing work to reduce them. The purpose of this essay is to clarify how conflict preventive work can be included in the Systematic work environment management. To find answers to my questions I will interpret and analyze the current Swedish law but also international law. Current law and regulations will be supplemented with interviews to obtain information about the employer´s approach to preventive work regarding conflicts. After analyzing the material I come to my conclusion that it´s possible to use current regulations as a tool to reduce conflicts at workplaces and through that also reduce sick leave due to psychological disorders. But there is a need to set up more concrete routines that makes the employer´s obliged to take all measures deemed necessary.

Syftet var att undersöka attityder till skolans arbete mot kränkande behandling utifrån skolans likabehandlingsplan och om dessa skiljer sig åt, beroende på om man är elev eller personal, på en högstadieskola i en kommun i Värmland. Genom en enkätundersökning med oberoende mätning genomfördes studien med 101 deltagare, varav 54,5 % (n=55) var elever och 45,5 % (n=46) skolpersonal.      Den aktuella studien kunde påvisa en signifikant skillnad mellan elever och skolpersonal i majoriteten av frågorna angående skolans arbete mot kränkande behandling. Resultatet tyder på att det finns skillnader i hur elever och skolpersonal uppfattar situationer där någon blir kränkt och därför även agerar olika. Studien påvisar att personalen i högre grad påstår att de tar itu med de frågor som rör mobbaren än offret, medan eleverna ligger relativt jämnt på de frågorna. Dock var både elever och skolpersonal överens i frågan om att det är viktigt att ha en kompis i skolan.      Vidare visade studien att eleverna i högre grad skulle försöka höja den utsattas självförtroende i mobbningssituationer jämfört med vad lärarna skulle. Personalen skulle istället arbeta för att jämna ut maktobalansen mellan de två genom att sänka mobbarens makt snarare än att höja den utsattas. Det framkom även att personalen uppgav att de i högre grad hade läst, förstått och varit delaktiga i utformandet av skolans likabehandlingsplan än eleverna.                       Med andra ord framkom att det finns skillnader i attityden till skolans förebyggande arbete mot kränkande behandling mellan personal och elever. Dessutom framkom att skolpersonalen i högre grad fokuserade på mobbaren än offret i situationer där någon blir utsatt för kränkande behandling, samt att personalen i högre grad angav att de läst, förstått och varit involverad i skolans likabehandlingsplan än eleverna. / The aim was to investigate attitudes to the school’s work against offensive behaviour based on the school’s treatment plan and if they differ depending on whether you are a student or school staff at a secondary school in a municipality in Värmland. Through a questionnaire with independent measurement, a study with 101 participants, of which 54.5 % (n = 55) were students and 45.5 % (n = 46) were school staff, was executed.      The current study shows a significant difference between students and school staff in a majority of the questions regarding the school’s work against offensive behaviour.      The results suggest that there are differences in how students and school staff perceive situations where someone gets offended and therefore also act differently. The study shows that the school staff claim that they address the issues related to the bully to a greater extent than the victim, while the students answered relatively even on the questions. However, both students and school staff agree on that it is important to have a friend at school.      Furthermore, the study shows that students would try to raise the self-confidence of the victim in bullying situations to a greater extent compared to the teachers. Instead, the school staff would work to even out the imbalance of power between the two by lowering the bully’s power rather than increasing the victim’s power. It also shows that the school staff said that they have read, understood, and been involved in designing the school's treatment plan to a greater extent than the students.                       In other words, it appeared as if there are differences in the attitude to the school’s work against offensive treatment between staff and students. Furthermore, it appeared as if the school staff to a higher extent focused on the bully than the victim in situations where someone is exposed to offensive treatment, and that the staff to a higher extent said that they had read, understood and been involved in the school’s treatment plan than the students.

Fallolyckor är ett allvarligt problem bland äldre människor i dagens samhälle. Ett fall kan leda till svårigheter att utföra aktiviteter i vardagen. Arbetsterapeuten har därför en viktigt roll i arbetet för att förhindra fall men trots det finns det få studier om arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter om arbete med fallprevention. Syftet var att beskriva arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av att arbeta med fallprevention hos äldre i ordinärt boende. Metoden var en kvalitativ design med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagare rekryterades genom bekvämlighetsurval och totalt deltog nio arbetsterapeuter från två olika kommuner i södra Sverige i examensarbetet. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera materialet. Resultatet kunde sammanfattas i fyra kategorier; arbetsterapeuters uppfattningar om fallprevention, vikten av samverkan, redskap för att identifiera fallrisker och fallpreventiva åtgärder i ordinärt boende. De i sin tur delades in i elva underkategorier. Slutsatsen var att fallprevention är ett område som är svårt att arbeta förebyggande med. Oftast kopplas arbetsterapeuten in när fall redan har inträffat, men flera arbetsterapeuter betonade att de önskade att arbeta mer förebyggande för att förhindra fall. / Fall accidents are a serious problem among older people in today's society. A fall can lead to difficulties in performing everyday activities. Therefore, the occupational therapist  plays an important role in preventing falls, but despite that there is only a few studies about their experience of work with fall prevention. The purpose was to describe occupational therapist’s experiences of working with fall prevention among elderly in an ordinary residence. The method was qualitative design with a semi-structured interview. Participants were recruited through a convenient selection and a total of nine occupational therapists from two different municipalities in southern Sweden participated in the study. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the material. The results could be summarized in four categories: occupational therapists perceptions of fall prevention, the importance of interaction, tools for identifying fall risks and fall preventive interventions in an ordinary residence. Which turned in to eleven subcategories. The conclusion was that fall prevention is a difficult area to work preventive with. Most often, the occupational therapists are called in when the fall already has occurred, but several occupational therapists underlined that they wanted to work more towards the prevention of falls.

When stress-related diseases are increasing, the preventive work becomes increasingly important. The aim with this essay is to determine established law about psychosocial working environment. With the legal dogmatic method, an investigation has been made about the law on working conditions and what it says about preventive work to the psychosocial working environment. After a profound investigation regarding the frameworks pros and cons, it is possible to draw the conclusion that the law on working environment should keep the character of framework. Even if this entails difficulties with interpretation, it is not suitable to regulate the details in a law that should be appropriate for every profession. By studying the regulations of Swedish Work Environment Authority, the law is clarified. However, they should also clarify the concepts, which the law refers to, in order to know when the law should be applied. The same problem occurs when an analysis is made of the declaration forms of accidents and incidents. As a consequence of a weakly formulated definition of “serious incident”, problems arise when applying the law. How stress-related incidents should be treated is also weakly formulated, which could complicate and delay the preventive work. This is because the employers only know that they should report the diseases but not the incidents.

The aim of the study is to gain an understanding of how the preventive work of crime relapse practically appears in the Swedish prisons. The aim of the study is also to gain an understanding of the difficulties with the preventive crime relapse work in Swedish prisons. Staff from the field of the Swedish prisons and former prisoners have been the informants of the study. The study is qualitative study and the empiricism has been generated from semi structured interviews. The study shows that the staff is working with preventive work of crime relapse through programmes that focus on the specific crime the prisoners been involved in. One difficulty with this is that prisoners are not are forced to go to the programmes. In the case of short imprisonment it is also hard for the staff to get time to implement programs for the prisoners. The staff at the prisons get educated in motivational interviewing and are supposed to work with motivational interviewing in the everyday meeting with the prisoners. This work is insufficient and does not work in a desirable way. The study also present that the environment at the prisons may have significance for studied subjects, but the budget for the prisons is not enough to frame the environment in a desirabl e way.

It has been found that society sometimes fails to protect its citizens from being exposed to honor-related violence and oppression (HRV). A contributing factor is suggested to be lack of knowledge about HRV among practitioners within various fields of social work. This could inhibit practitioners’ ability to act on any signs of oppression among clients who may be exposed to HRV. The current thesis aims to explore this problem further by studying three projects which provide education on HRV to practitioners. Interviews have been conducted with both project managers and project participants in order to access experiences of incorporating education as a preventive factor of HRV, as well as access information on whether the target group, primarily children, have been affected by the work of the projects. The results show that informants respond differently to the term HRV which could infer limitations of the provided education. However, all informants agree that there is a need of education on HRV, especially in order to properly attend to clients who are perceived as pertain to a honor context. Some results show potential obstacles within preventive work against HRV. Such obstacles may be practitioners’ receptiveness to education, as well as practitioners’ perceived difficulties in attending to children between two cultures. All informants agree that education should be viewed as part of an long-term process of preventive work against HRV which needs continuous attention.

Denna uppsats har syftat till att undersöka förståelsen kring sexköp ur regionkoordinatorers och samtalsterapeuters perspektiv samt vilka strategier som förespråkas i det preventiva arbetet. För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar har sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma inom området genomförts och materialet har sedan analyserats utifrån ett maskulinitetsperspektiv. Resultatet visade att de förklaringsmodeller som professionerna använder för att förstå och beskriva mäns köp av sexuella tjänster är hur sexköpet kan ses som en effekt av könsmaktsordningen, att sexköpet kan vara ett resultat av mäns svårigheter att uttrycka känslor, att sexköpet kan verka som en enkel utväg samt hur pornografin kan sudda ut gränser och skapa fantasier hos män. Vidare visade resultatet att de strategier som professionerna förespråkar i det preventiva arbetet är bemötandet och dess centrala roll i behandlingen för män som köpt sex samt utbildning till barn och unga i frågor som rör jämställdhet, könsnormer och pornografi. / The purpose of this study was to examine the understanding of sex purchases from the perspective of regional coordinators and therapists who work with men who bought sex, and what strategies they advocate in the preventive work. To answer the purpose of this study, six semi-structured interviews were conducted and the material was then analyzed with a masculinity perspective. The results showed that the explanatory models that professionals use to understand and describe men's purchases of sexual services are how the purchase of sex can be seen as an effect of the gender power order, that the purchase of sex may be a result of men's difficulty expressing emotions, that the purchase of sex can seem like a simple way out and how pornography can blur boundaries and create fantasies. Furthermore, the results showed that the strategies that the professions advocate in the preventive work are the treatment and its central role in the treatment of men who have bought sex as well as education for children and youths in issues relating to gender equality, gender norms and pornography.

The purpose of this study was to analyze how professionals in schools and social workers experience the work with young people who commit crimes. The purpose of the study has been achieved through a qualitative method where four social workers and four school staff were interviewed. The interviews were semi-structured. The result has, with the help of the content analysis, been analyzed based on previous research and the social bond theory. All informants agreed that social vulnerability and lack of relationships and leisure activities were factors that can lead to juvenile delinquency. Furthermore, the majority of the informants experienced that early intervention was crucial, and that a sense of coherence is important. The working methods used are largely similar and the informants are also positive towards them. The result was largely similar to what the previous research and theory addressed.