Faiveley Transport Nordic AB is a company in Landskrona and which is an international supplier in the railway industry. The industry sight in landskrona is mostly focused on developing and manufacturing train brakes.Today, Faiveley has a number of test benches that needs regular checks and re-calibration every three months. In the current situation, it is the responsibility of the lab engineer to check that the calibration is correct on the test benches and adjust if needed. The purpose of this research is to design a reference object that will be used for checking the calibration on a test bench.During the research, the product development process was used with some tools from the design thinking process. The research begins with a lot of theoretical background about BFC (Brake Friction Concept), test benches and calibration to develop a deeper understanding for the different concepts.Since Faiveley had already identified the problem, the method was started directly by looking for other solutions that could inspire the solution to the problem. The search for inspiration was conducted through various methods such as patent searching, trend watching and techwatching. The authors proceeded by choosing the best possible ideas for them to create a prototype of the best concepts.After creating a prototype of the reference object, the objects function was verified by testing on a test bench to check if it meets the preset requirements. The authors were able to get the result for each one of them three measurement parameters such as force, distance and pressure. Results showed that most of the requirements was accomplished.Based on the results several conclusions could be drawn. Such as that the reference object that was the solution to the problem worked and partly fulfills the associated requirements. Through this research a method has been created for how to generate reference values for similar parameters in general contexts, which others interested can use in the future.

Detta arbete behandlar ett problem som har uppstått hos svetsföretaget ESAB AB i Laxå, då ett trådbyte ska ske av en tråd med en vikt på 100 kg i en svetsmaskin. Svetstråden sitter mellan en spole som består av en undre och övre del som skruvas fast i varandra. Spolen är därefter monterad i en arm längst bak på svetsmaskinen. Problemet med trådbytet är dels att tråden väger mycket, dels att bytet behöver genomgå flera olika steg. Först av allt lyfts den spolen med förbrukad tråd av med hjälp av en travers och läggs på marken. Sedan skruvas den övre delen av spolen av och den förbrukade svetstråden tas bort för hand. En ny trådrulle hämtas därefter med en travers och placeras sedan på den undre delen av spolen. Den övre delen av spolen hämtas efter detta, för att skruvas fast tillbaka på spolen tillsammans med trådrullen och spolens undre del. När dessa steg är genomförda lyfts spolen tillbaka på svetsmaskinens arm och skruvas fast. Svetsmaskinens arm kan bära upp till fyra spolar samtidigt. Ovanstående steg tar upp tid från arbetet som behöver genomföras och är dessutom tungt då enbart spolen väger 27 kg, utan en trådrulle monterad. Lösningen till problemet är att implementera metodiken Design For Assembly (DFA), med syftet att minimera monteringstiden och fortsätta med en produktutvecklingsprocess av spolen och svetsmaskinens arm, där spolen sitter monterad på.   Resultatet på lösningen presenteras med hjälp av ritningar i CAD, i både 3D och 2D, samt beräkningar. Anledningen till att presentationen görs med hjälp av CAD- ritningar är för att tydliggöra lösningens koncept samt för att kunna påvisa hur metodikerna har använts vid lösningen. Lösningarna har jämförts och övervägts med Pughs matris. Med de beräkningar som gjorts har även hållfastheten kunnat räknats ut för lösningen. Syftet och frågeställningen besvarades för detta arbete.  Den största skillnaden mellan detta arbetes slutgiltiga lösning och ESAB AB:s redan existerande lösning är att enbart den övre delen av spolen behöver skruvas av vid trådbyte. Detta gör att många moment kan elimineras, vilket i sin tur förkortar monteringstiden och mer tid kan ägnas åt arbete i svetsningen. / This thesis deals with a problem that has arisen at the welding company ESAB AB in Laxå, when changing 100 kg thread spools in a welding machine. The wire sits between a spool consisting of a lower and upper part that are screwed together. The spool is then mounted in an arm at the back of the welding machine.  The problem with the spool change is partly that the spool weighs a lot, and partly that the change needs to go through several different steps. First, the spool with used wire must be lifted off with a traverse and laid on the ground. Then the upper part of the spool needs to be unscrewed to remove the used wire by hand. Then is brought with a help of a traverse. The wire is then placed on the lower part of the spool. The upper part of the spool is then retrieved and gets screwed on. When these steps are completed, the spool gets lifted back onto the welding machines arm with the traverse and gets mounted on.  The welding machine's arm can have up to four spools mounted simultaneously. These steps take up time from the work that needs to be done and are also heavy. The solution to the problem is to implement the Design for Assembly (DFA) methodology, with the aim of minimizing assembly time and continuing with a product development process of the spool and the arm that the spool is on.  The results of the solution are presented with the help of drawings in both 3D and 2D CAD drawings as well as calculations. The reason why the presentation is made with the help of CAD drawings is to clarify the concept of the solution and to be able to demonstrate how the methodologies have been used in the development. The solutions have been compared and weighted with Pugh's matrix. With the calculations that have been made, it has also been possible to calculate the strength of the solution. The purpose and question were answered for this work. The biggest difference between this work's final solution and ESAB AB's already existing solution is that only the upper part of the spool needs to be unscrewed when changing wires. This means that many steps can be eliminated, which in turn shortens the assembly time and more time can be devoted to work.

ESAB har beslutat att analysera om en Design For Assembly (DFA) metodik går att implementera med syfte att sänka monteringstiden och utveckla deras produktutvecklings-process (PU-process). Målet för det här projektet är således att presentera hur en arbetsmetodik inom DFA kan tillämpas genom att undersöka en exempelprodukt, rullbock. För att förstå DFA och dess relaterade områden genomfördes en litteraturstudie. Studien utfördes för att få en djupare förståelse där undersökningar gjordes inom vetenskapliga artiklar, böcker och webbkällor. Undersökningarna utfördes med mål att samla information om andra lyckade DFA-implementeringar, tillämpningsområden och riktlinjer. Genomförandet följer en PU-process med DFA som fokus. Till en början av PU-processen framställdes en kravspecifikation och en rotorsaksanalys. En DFA-metodik utnyttjades för att framställa konceptförslag för rullbocken. Metodiken grundar sig i de riktlinjer och frågor som presenterats i litteraturstudien. Resultatet presenteras i former av CAD-ritningar och riktlinjer. CAD-ritningar framställs för att få en förståelse över konceptförslagen och hur metodiken har tillämpats. Riktlinjerna är kortare punkter som bör övervägas av användaren vid utveckling av produkter. Lösningarna viktades mot varandra med hjälp av Pughs matris. Syftet och frågeställningen för projektet har besvarats. En arbetsmetodik och riktlinjer för DFA presenterades genom att undersöka exempelprodukten och en litteraturstudie inom området. / ESAB has decided to analyze whether a Design for Assembly (DFA) methodology can be implemented with the aim of reducing assembly time and developing their product development process (PD-process). The aim of this project is thus to present how a working methodology within DFA can be applied by investigating an example product, roller bed. To understand DFA and its related areas, a literature study was conducted. The study was conducted to gain a deeper understanding where research was done in scientific articles, books, and web sources. The surveys were conducted with the aim of gathering information about other successful DFA implementations, areas of application and guidelines. The implementation follows a PD-process with DFA as the focus. At the beginning of the PD-process, a requirements specification and a rotor case analysis were created. A DFA methodology was used to produce concept proposals for the roller bed. The methodology is based on the guidelines and questions presented in the literature study. The results are presented in the form of CAD drawings and guidelines. CAD drawings were created to gain an understanding of the concept proposals and how the methodology has been applied. The guidelines are shorter steps that should be considered by the user when developing products. The solutions were weighted against each other using Pugh's matrix. The purpose and question of the project have been answered. A working methodology and guidelines for DFA were presented by examining the example product and a literature study in the area.

The automotive industry is a highly competitive market characterised by low profit margins or huge losses. Cost reductions have been of top priority for all OEM’s (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and will continue to be so for many years to come. Beside cost reductions, reducing the time-to-market is of greatest importance to stay in the competition. OEM’s that are slow to market with products that neither matches customer expectations nor the products of their competitors, will soon loose market shares and see their economical performance falter. Therefore, it is of major importance for the OEM’s to shorten their product development time and at the same time reduce costs.Special packaging has a significant impact on the logistical system and production cost of a car. The development process of re-designing or implementing special packaging is a very complex process and extends over a considerable time period. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to provide the PED (Packaging Engineering Department) with suggestions for an improved development process of special packaging ensuring the most cost efficient packaging is used. To fulfil the aim, the exploratory research method was used where we took part in the development process of re-designing a new special packaging for headlining. Parallel to that work, a literature study was carried out. Theories and models from the literature study together with data and information gathering from the development process of special packaging for headlining constitute the basis for the result and the new development process for special packaging.The result of the thesis is concluded in three major parts. First of all, the development process must be lift out from the car projects. The development process should instead be performed in an annual process were the concept of the most cost efficient special packaging is being developed and predefined already at the car project start. Secondly, the logistics must be more actively involved in the early phases of the car projects. Thirdly, the lessons learned process must be highlighted in the organisation and be much better utilised. Finally, this redeployment work is something that must be started by the PED as soon as possible. It must be done to cope with the future with closer between pre-series and where more car projects will be running parallel at the same time. The need for a more cost efficient material flow and a rapid development process will also be even more evident than today. This will require an extensive and hard work from the annual process group before this new way of working with packaging development will work efficiently. Therefore, the sooner the annual process group is establish and starts working, the easier it will be to cope with the future and the better the performance of the PED will be. / Uppsatsnivå: D

<p>Competition in the market of interior design during the last several years has drastically increased. The consumers of today are very conscious about what the market can offer and therefore they have high demands on the products. It is not only the function of the product that matters but also the design that makes a difference. Companies are becoming more aware of this and as a result they have to find a way to set themselves apart in order to attract customers. This realization has led designers and economists to cooperate in a different way than before. It is important that they are able to communicate with each other to reach a successful goal.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to deeply analyze a product development process within a large departement store and to look into how the different parts cooperate and communicate with each other. The exam has been done through a qualitative method. Three personal interviews where held within the departement store with the design director, purchaser staff and designer. The theories of communication, design process as well as the value theory aim to serve as tools in the analysis of the evaluation problem. The study focused on cooperation, communication and feedback in the product development process.</p><p>The conclusion we came to is that there is a conflict in communication between the purchasing staff and designers to company X because the communication has only been one way. The designer believes that communication is inadequate because it is not sufficiently structured and collaborative. The designer would like more feedback to be given. Having shared communication where the parties exchange ideas and being able to understand each other provides a more effective communication which can influence the collaboration between them in a positive way. Our conclusion is that feedback is a very important factor in communication and cooperation between the parties. Work in the product development process would be even more effective if they would make use of project planning.</p>

Competition in the market of interior design during the last several years has drastically increased. The consumers of today are very conscious about what the market can offer and therefore they have high demands on the products. It is not only the function of the product that matters but also the design that makes a difference. Companies are becoming more aware of this and as a result they have to find a way to set themselves apart in order to attract customers. This realization has led designers and economists to cooperate in a different way than before. It is important that they are able to communicate with each other to reach a successful goal. The purpose of this study is to deeply analyze a product development process within a large departement store and to look into how the different parts cooperate and communicate with each other. The exam has been done through a qualitative method. Three personal interviews where held within the departement store with the design director, purchaser staff and designer. The theories of communication, design process as well as the value theory aim to serve as tools in the analysis of the evaluation problem. The study focused on cooperation, communication and feedback in the product development process. The conclusion we came to is that there is a conflict in communication between the purchasing staff and designers to company X because the communication has only been one way. The designer believes that communication is inadequate because it is not sufficiently structured and collaborative. The designer would like more feedback to be given. Having shared communication where the parties exchange ideas and being able to understand each other provides a more effective communication which can influence the collaboration between them in a positive way. Our conclusion is that feedback is a very important factor in communication and cooperation between the parties. Work in the product development process would be even more effective if they would make use of project planning.

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New innovation and technology have influenced the development of product development processes and the four largest banks in Sweden have more or less been forced to adapt their products and services along new customer requirements. It may therefore be considered appropriate to involve customers in this process. This by collecting customer information and allow customers to influence the process to a greater extent. The payment solutions of Sweden’s largest banks' continue to evolve and to pay with electronic money has come to change banks' product development processes of payment solutions. This process should not only create an innovative product but should also be performed with continuous quality, sharp focus and prioritization, fast action, team focus, customer involvement, follow-through, and with a final product with strong competitive advantages that satisfies customer needs. The purpose of this study is with help from Sweden's four largest banking groups; Handelsbanken, Swedbank, Nordea and SEB, create the optimal product development process that includes customer involvement, customer impact, and clearly indicate where and how the collection of customer data should occur. This, with the help of a developed analysis tool - as a result of the study, can be applied to analyze the extent to which customers can be considered to be involved and influence the product development process. The four banks do not involve customers in a sufficiently large extent in the current situation in their product development processes. Customer information is collected but not always implemented and the instances where customers may be involved and influence are too few. By modifying the process and eliminating and adding new process phases and in these involve customers with complementary methods has an optimal product development process been developed with a focus on the collection of customer information, customer involvement and customer impact. This process aims to create competitive advantages for banks through increased customer focus. / Ny innovation och teknik har påverkat utvecklingen av produktutvecklingsprocesser och Sveriges största bankkoncerner har mer eller mindre blivit tvungna att anpassa sina produkter och tjänster utefter nya kundkrav, det kan därför anses lämpligt att involvera kunderna i processen. Detta genom att samla in kundinformation och låta kunderna påverka processen i en större utsträckning. Sveriges största bankkoncerners betalningslösningar fortsätter att utvecklas och att betala med elektroniska pengar har kommit att förändra bankernas produktutvecklingsprocesser av betalningslösningar. Denna process ska inte endast skapa innovativa produkter utan också genomföras med kontinuerlig kvalité, skarpt fokus och prioritering, snabba aktiviteter, team fokus, kundinvolvering, uppföljning och med en slutprodukt med starka konkurrensfördelar och som tillfredsställer kundernas behov. Syftet med studien är att med hjälp av Sveriges fyra största bankkoncerner; Handelsbanken, Swedbank, Nordea och SEB, skapa den optimala produktutvecklingsprocessen och påvisa vart i denna process kundinvolvering, kundpåverkan och insamling av kundinformation bör ske. Detta med hjälp av ett framtaget analysverktyg, ett resultat av studien, som kan tillämpas för att analysera i vilken utsträckning kunderna kan anses vara involverade och påverka en produktutvecklingsprocess.  I dagsläget involverar bankerna inte kunderna i produktutvecklingsprocessen i tillräckligt stor utsträckning. Kundinformation samlas in men implementeras inte alltid och tillfällen där kunderna kan vara involverade och påverka är få. Genom att modifiera processen och eliminera samt addera nya processfaser och i dessa involvera kunderna med kompletterande metoder har en optimal produktutvecklingsprocess framtagits med fokus på insamling av kundinformation, kundinvolvering och kundpåverkan. Denna process är avsedd att stärka bankernas konkurrensfördelar genom att sätta kunden i fokus.

Professionella tvättmaskiner ger upphov till dynamiska krafter som uppstår vid centrifugering. När dessa maskiner används på en släpvagn kan dessa stora krafter skada underlaget. För att undvika skador på släpvagnens underlag så är det viktigt att fördela och dämpa dessa krafter. Genom att konstruera ett fäste som innehåller något dämpningselement kan man dämpa och fördela dessa krafter. På uppdrag av Linneuniversitetet i Växjö och med samlad information från företaget Electorlux Wascator i Ljungby genomfördes detta arbete. Arbetets syfte är att få fram en fungerande produkt som säkerställer användningen av tvättmaskiner på en släpvagn utan att underlaget tar skada. Med hjälp av produktutvecklingsprocessen utvecklades ett fäste som har som en uppgift att fördela de stora krafterna som uppstår vid centrifugering. Fästet består av två balkar, varje balk består av två L-profiler som är ihopkopplade med en fackverkskonstruktion. Fästet är gjort av aluminium som har beteckningen SS6082 T6. Fyra stycken gummidämpare valdes för att sitta under varje infästningspunkt från tvättmaskinen till fästet.

Rapporten ”Utveckling av infästningar för fallskyddsräcken” är ett produktutvecklingsprojekt skrivet av Douglas Karlsson. Examensrapporten är en kandidatavhandling för ”högskoleingenjörsprogrammet innovationsteknik och design” vid Karlstads universitet i kursen ”Examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i innovationsteknik och design”. Projektets uppdragsgivare var Roofac Safety AB. Deras verksamhet är inriktad på fallskyddssystem där de både utvecklar och säljer produkter som personligt fallskydd för klättring med linor och fallskyddsräcken. Det här projektet är utfört inom verksamheten för fallskyddsräcken och inom det området har projektets fokus legat på fallskyddsräckens fästen och infästningar. För att installera fästena idag måste de svetsas fast. Svetsoperationen är en tidsförbrukande process som kräver specialkompetens i form av en certifierad svetsare. Det medger också en viss skada på hallbyggnationens lodräta balkar. Huvudmålet blev att hitta en ny konstruktionslösning. En lösning som skulle minska tidsåtgången det tar att fästa fästena med en så liten materialpåverkan som möjligt på stålbalkarna med koncentration på hallbyggnationer. Hallbyggnationer är den huvudsakliga byggnadsform där fästena svetsas fast. I arbetet med utvecklingen har projektet följt designmetodiken med metoder som kreativitetsprocesser. Projektet har även följt produktutvecklingensprocessen som har inkluderat elimineringsmatriser och feleffektsanalys som failure mode and effekts analysisk (FMEA). Projektets lösning och resultat blev en fästanordning där infästningsanordningen utgörs i form av permanenta magneter. Med hjälp av permanenta magneter så får man en låg installationstid och man undviker att få någon negativ inverkan på stålbalkarna. En livscykelanalys (LCA) är gjord för varje huvudkomponent till det nya fästessystemet. En rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) har också blivit gjord vilket är en ergonomisk analys för att se att det nya fästet är användarvänligt. / This exam report “development of fixings for fall protection railings” is a product development project of Douglas Karlsson. The exam report is a Bachelor of Science thesis for the “Study Programme in Innovation and Design Engineering” at Karlstad University in the course “Degree Project of Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering”. The project was assigned of the company Roofac Safety AB. Fall protection systems is their main occupation and they develop and produce equipment that includes products like personal fall protection for sling climbing and fall protection railing systems. This project has been done in the section of fall protection railings and in this area the project has been focusing on the railing fastener fixings. To install the fastener today you have to weld. The welding operation is a time consuming process and it needs special competence of a certified welder. It will also make some damage to the buildings steel beam. The main goal of the project was to find a new construction design solution. A solution that would sink the duration of time it takes to fixate the fasteners with as little impact as possible on the steel beams and concentrated on hall constructions. Hall constructions are the general building form where the welded fasteners are installed.  In the work of development the project followed the design methodology with methods like creativity processes. The project did also follow the process of product development which includes elimination matrices and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). The projects solutions and results are a fastening device where the fixings device in form of permanent magnets. The permanent magnets have a low installation time and do no material impact to the buildings steel beam. A life circle analysis (LCA) has been done for every main component of the new fastener system. A rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) has also been done which is an ergonomic analysis to see if the new fastener is user-friendly.