No description available.

The purpose of this essay has been to investigate whether the Swedish Social Insurance Agency´s administrators and investigators feel that they perform gender-neutral assessments in sickness benefit and work injury cases. The method was based on interviews who gave the informants the opportunity to explain and describe their experiences around gender neutrality in their work. The results, which were analyzed using the qualitative method content analysis, clearly showed that the work ability assessments required in sickness benefit and work injury cases differ both depending on which company carries them out, where in the country they are carried out and that the scientific investigations that investigators at the Social Insurance Agency are required to do to follow are mainly designed on men. It is easier to investigate men´s work ability than women´s work ability, because they can follow the documents designed for men in male-dominated occupations. The informants know there is no or too little evidence that fits women´s disease pictures. Employees feel that their assessments are gender-neutral, but that their assessments are based on ready-made assessments templates that mainly work for men in male-dominated occupations. / Om Försäkringskassan inte utför könsneutrala arbetsförmågebedömningar av anställda inom kvinnodominerande yrken samt i förlängningen vid sjukpenning-och arbetsskadeärenden, så sker inte den likvärdiga behandling av kvinnor och män som Försäkringskassan är ålagda. Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit att undersöka om Försäkringskassans handläggare och utredare upplever att de utför könsneutrala bedömningar vid sjukpenning- och arbetsskadeärenden. Den metod som följts har utgått från en kvalitativ ansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer givit informanterna möjlighet att både förklara och beskriva sina upplevelser runt könsneutralitet i sitt arbete. Resultatet, som analyserades med den kvalitativa metoden innehållsanalys, visade tydligt att de arbetsförmågebedömningar som krävs vid sjukpenning-och arbetsskadeärenden skiljer sig åt både beroende på vilket företag som utför dem, var i landet de utförs och att de vetenskapliga undersökningar som utredare vid Försäkringskassan är ålagda att följa främst är utformade på män. Informanterna upplever att det är lättare att utreda mäns arbetsförmåga än kvinnors arbetsförmåga, eftersom de då kan följa de underlag som är utformade för män inom mansdominerade yrken. Informanterna anser att det finns inga eller alldeles för få underlag som passar in vid kvinnors sjukdomsbilder. Anställda vid Försäkringskassan upplever därför att deras bedömningar sker könsneutralt, men att deras bedömningar sker utifrån de färdiga utredningsmallar som främst fungerar för män inom mansdominerande yrken. Det har i denna studie även framkommit att läkare gör skillnad i läkarintygen för män och kvinnor, till nackdel för kvinnor, samt att de utredare vid Försäkringskassan som försöker göra skillnad bestraffas av sin arbetsgivare Försäkringskassan.

INTRODUCTION: Interprofessional education (IPE) is the organized integration of health care disciplines. IPE provides an environment for students and faculty from multiple disciplines to learn collaboration and communication skills for future clinical practice. In the 1970s, United States health institutions began focusing on team-based health care and IPE. IPE was viewed as a solution to the growing burden of health care costs and the increasing ratio of diseases to available resources. IPE was formed around four competencies--Ethics, Communication, Teamwork, and Roles and Responsibilities--to provide students with the necessary tools to work efficiently in health care teams upon entering the workforce. FOCUS AND GOALS: USF Health currently has five major pre-professional disciplines on its campus--medicine, physical therapy, pharmacy, nursing, and public health. An IPE initiative began in 2010 in order to eventually integrate portions of all disciplines and their curricula. The central question of this thesis is, "Has there been a change within the student and faculty populations of USF Health in terms of IPE awareness and opinion since before the IPE initiative began in 2010?" This thesis aims to evaluate the changes in both student and faculty perspectives across several health disciplines at USF Health when compared to previously recorded perspectives from 2010. This information will be recorded to provide a guide for improving the current IPE initiative at USF Health. METHODS: Using data from a 2010 survey, the researchers created an updated survey and released it to the students and faculty of all five disciplines. The results provided a comparison for the original 2010 data. A general literature review was used to supplement the collected survey results and guide the analysis and discussion of data. Results: The qualitative data from the original student (n=29) and faculty (n=58) surveys was quantified and compared against the data from the updated student (n=83) and faculty (n=16) surveys. Several consistent themes were found in responses from selected questions. The following themes were found within the literature: student and faculty perspectives of IPE, barriers and opportunities to IPE, and implementation methods. CONCLUSION: The study found that changes in opinion occurred between both student and faculty participants. Both students and faculty showed an increase in IPE awareness and alluded to several barriers that were also found within the literature. This study will serve as a continued method of evaluating IPE at USF health in order to maintain a continued improvement of IPE implementation amongst all colleges. LIMITATIONS: The initial student data set was significantly smaller than the new student data set and represented a different distribution of disciplines. This may account for some of the changes observed between both groups and should be considered in any future analysis of this data. Because the data presented in this thesis project is a preliminary sample of the future, complete survey results, a follow-up analysis of the complete data will be required to draw any comprehensive conclusions from this study.

The purpose of this study was to understand whether strength is a prescriptive stereotype for Black women professionals in organizations. This study investigated whether a woman’s race (White or Black) affected how her level of work (overwork, not overworking, or control) was evaluated and rewarded by others (performance evaluation ratings, likelihood of promotion, and monetary rewards.) In particular, the study sought to understand whether Black women would not reap benefits for overworking, and whether they would be penalized for not overworking. In addition, the study examined whether race moderated the relationship between level of work and employee characterizations (strength, competence, laziness). This study built on previous prescriptive stereotype research that found that men, but not women, benefitted from performing organizational citizenship behaviors at work, and that women, but not men, face negative consequences when they withhold those behaviors (Allen & Rush, 2001; Heilman & Chen, 2005). This study collected responses from 235 MTurk workers to better understand how expectations of strength at work influence the career outcomes and perceptions of Black women. Results indicated that neither Black nor White women received a boost in outcomes when engaging in overwork; however, Black women, but not White women, were penalized for declining to engage in overwork. Black women received lower performance ratings, had a lower likelihood of promotion, and received lower monetary rewards when they did not overwork, while there was no difference for White women. Furthermore, Black women were perceived as less competent and lazier when they were not overworking. These findings imply a unique type of double bind for Black women, who may face burnout before reaping the benefits of overworking, and yet are also penalized if they set boundaries around how much they work.

Bakgrund: Fysisk aktivitet förbättrar psykiskt och fysiskt välmående. Fysisk inaktivitet och stillasittande är ett växande samhällsproblem där fysiskt inaktiva arbeten är vanliga. Ett annat samhällsproblem är stressrelaterade besvär. Fysisk aktivitet kan minska stressnivåer och för att utföra fysisk aktivitet är motivation en viktig faktor. Det föreligger en kunskapslucka kring hur fysisk aktivitetsnivå, stillasittande, motivation och stressnivåer hos personer med fysiskt inaktiva arbeten är.  Syfte: Beskriva fysisk aktivitetsnivå, stillasittande, motivationsfaktorer samt stressnivåer hos individer med ett fysiskt inaktivt arbete samt undersöka könsskillnader. Även studera samband mellan stress och fysisk aktivitetsnivå respektive stress och stillasittande.  Metod: En kvantitativ enkätstudie med deskriptiv, korrelerande och jämförande design genomfördes. Socialstyrelsens indikatorfrågor om fysisk aktivitet och stillasittande, BREQ-2 om motivation till fysisk aktivitet och PSS-10 om upplevd stress besvarades av 53 individer från tre arbetsplatser med fysiskt inaktiva arbeten. Data analyserades med icke-parametrisk statistik.  Resultat: 52 deltagare inkluderas, 50% var kvinnor. Deltagarna rapporterade i genomsnitt 285 aktivitetsminuter/vecka, 660 stillasittande minuter/dygn, måttlig grad av upplevd stress och 38% hade inre reglering som motivationsfaktor till fysisk aktivitet. Det förelåg små positiva icke-signifikanta samband mellan stress och fysisk aktivitet respektive stress och stillasittande. Det förelåg inga signifikanta könsskillnader gällande någon undersökt variabel.  Slutsats: Individerna var fysiskt aktiva, motiverades av inre reglering och var mycket stillasittande. Resultaten belyser vikten av att ta stillasittande och psykosociala faktorer i beaktning vid kartläggning av fysisk aktivitetsnivå. Det behövs fler studier som säger något om könsskillnader gällande undersökta variabler. / Background: Physical activity improves mental and physical health. Physical inactivity and sedentary is an expanding societal problem where physically inactive professions are common. Another societal problem is stress-related disorders. Physical activity can reduce stress levels and motivation is important for physical activity. There is a knowledge gap regarding physical activity, sedentary, motivation and stress in individuals with physically inactive professions.  Purpose: Describe physical activity, sedentary, motivation and stress in individuals with physically inactive professions and examine gender differences. Also study correlation between stress and physical activity and stress and sedentary behaviour.  Method: A quantitative questionnaire study with descriptive, correlative and comparative design was conducted. The National Board of Health and Welfare's indicator questions about physical activity and sedentary, BREQ-2 about motivation for physical activity and PSS-10 about perceived stress were answered by 53 individuals from three workplaces with physically inactive professions. The data were analysed using non-parametric statistics.  Results: 52 participants were included, 50% were women. The participants reported 285 activity minutes/week, 660 sedentary minutes/day, moderate levels of perceived stress and 38% had intrinsic regulation as motivational factor for physical activity. Small positive non-significant correlations were seen between stress and physical activity and stress and sedentary. There were no significant gender differences regarding all variables.  Conclusion: The individuals were physically active, motivated by intrinsic regulation and had many sedentary minutes/day. The results highlight the importance of taking sedentary and psychosocial factors into consideration when identifying physical activity. More studies are required that examine gender differences regarding examined variables.

Due to an increase in the need for allied health professionals, there is a growing interest to assess the allied health workforce and its employment needs. This is especially true in medically underserved rural areas where there is a critical shortage of allied health professionals. A survey was sent to allied health administrators across a variety of allied health disciplines working in Tennessee hospitals in order to gauge opinions on retention and recruitment strategies. Overall successful strategies for recruitment and retention of allied health professionals were reported as well as differences between urban and rural areas, differences of perceptions of strategy effectiveness among allied health disciplines, and key strategies for rural allied health recruitment. Little is known about organizational policies impacting recruitment and retention practices of allied health professionals in Tennessee hospitals. Understanding of this problem is vital to the prevention of a critical shortage of allied health professionals. Therefore, this study sought to compare rural and urban hospital in Tennessee with respect to recruitment and retention needs.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

<p>This thesis explores the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) framework with health professions education research, and applies the principles of CLT to one specific area of health professions education: the acquisition of cardiac and respiratory auscultation and physical assessment skill in undergraduate nursing students. The first study evaluates context-based learning environments on the acquisition of auscultation skill and physical assessment performance. Results suggest that for novice level students, high-context-based learning environments may contribute to extraneous cognitive load and may not be beneficial for learning. The next cluster of studies evaluates auscultation test performance following manipulation of cognitive load variables. The interleaving approach instruction was found to be most helpful for auscultation test performance. The series of studies conducted in this thesis demonstrate a useful direction for health professions research and promotes the use of cognitive load theory as a framework for instructional design and evaluation.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)