Retiring baby boomers and the lack of interest and awareness among college students to enroll in an accredited Clinical Laboratory Science (CLS) program have created a shortage of CLS professionals in the 21st century. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts 18,000 CLS vacancies by 2018. However, only about 5,000 students graduate from accredited CLS programs each year. The purpose of this study was to explore students' perceptions of allied health professions and factors that influenced students and CLS professionals to select CLS as a profession. Bandura's social cognitive career theory served as the theoretical framework for this phenomenological study. Convenient purposeful sampling was used to select the 7 CLS professionals, 5 high school students, and 5 college students in the Chicago area. Participants took part in either a 30- to 60-minute group session or a 45- to 90-minute semi structured interview. Qualitative analysis included open axial coding to identify emerging patterns and themes from the transcripts. Findings revealed that the perceptions of both high school and college students' knew little about the CLS profession, and factors influencing CLS as a career choice included interests in science, health care, and family. CLS professionals indicated their interests in science and a high demand for CLS services in the workforce led them to pursue careers in the field. Implications for social change include improving professional-development programs for student awareness of allied health professions and mitigating the shortage of clinical laboratory scientists.

De nombreuses études tendent à démontrer qu’au Québec et au Canada, les personnes immigrantes font face à divers obstacles pour accéder au marché de l’emploi québécois, surtout lorsqu’il s’agit d’y exercer une profession réglementée par un ordre professionnel. En effet, avant de décerner un permis, les ordres doivent s’assurer de la compétence des candidats à la profession, conformément à la mission de protection du public qui leur a été déléguée par l’État. Pour ce faire, ils imposent diverses conditions d’admission aux professions, dont celle d’obtenir un diplôme reconnu. Pour ne pas restreindre indûment l’accès aux professions, la loi prévoit que les ordres ont l’obligation d’offrir aux personnes aux parcours atypiques – dont la quasi-totalité sont formées à l’étranger – la possibilité de démontrer l’équivalence de leurs qualifications. Lorsque les ordres estiment qu’il n’y a pas équivalence, des mesures de compensation – sous forme de formations d’appoint, de stages ou d’épreuves d’aptitude – sont prescrites aux candidats. Or, certaines conditions d’admission et procédures de reconnaissance sont aujourd’hui contestées, car considérées inadaptées ou discriminatoires à l’égard des personnes immigrantes. Il convenait donc d’examiner la compatibilité des normes d’admission et de reconnaissance des ordres professionnels québécois au droit à l’égalité, tel que garanti par la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne. La présente thèse conclut que les personnes formées à l’étranger sont victimes de discrimination systémique dans l’admission aux professions. Pour en arriver à cette conclusion, nous avons, dans un premier temps, brossé le portrait du cadre juridique entourant l’admission aux professions, puis identifié, par le biais d’une revue de la littérature, les difficultés que les conditions d’admission et les mécanismes de reconnaissance posent aux personnes formées à l’étranger. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons appliqué la méthode du droit classique pour mettre en exergue les exigences du droit à la non-discrimination en contexte d’admission aux professions et de reconnaissance des qualifications. L’analyse de la jurisprudence pertinente démontre d’ailleurs que les personnes formées à l’étranger disposent de chances raisonnables de faire valoir le caractère à première vue discriminatoire des normes, pratiques et décisions en la matière. Dans un troisième temps, l’enquête empirique de type qualitatif que nous avons menée, en complément de la méthode du droit classique, mène à la conclusion que les ordres professionnels comprennent mal le sens que prend la protection du public et ses exigences particulières dans le contexte propre des professions qu’ils réglementent. Non seulement ce constat permet-il de remettre en doute la légitimité de l’ensemble des normes, pratiques et décisions des ordres relatives au contrôle de l’admission, mais il confirme que, dans de nombreux cas, les normes d’admission et de reconnaissance, prisent isolément ou lorsque considérées dans leur ensemble, portent atteinte, de façon injustifiée, au droit à l’égalité des personnes formées à l’étranger. Dans un dernier temps, l’ensemble de nos recherches nous a permis de proposer différentes mesures d’ordre systémique à l’attention des ordres, à titre de principaux responsables du contrôle de l’admission, et aux autres acteurs impliqués dans le parcours d’admission et dont l’action concertée est requise pour remédier à la situation. / Multiple studies tend to demonstrate that in Québec, and elsewhere in Canada, immigrants must overcome many obstacles to work in the field in which they were trained. These difficulties are even greater when it comes to accessing a regulated profession. Obtaining a license from a professional regulatory body is contingent on the candidates meeting various requirements, for example having obtained a recognized diploma, which are made to ensure that candidates are sufficiently qualified to practice the profession in a manner deemed safe for the public. In order to not unduly restrict access to these professions, regulatory bodies are legally obliged to offer foreign-trained candidates the opportunity to show that their qualifications are equivalent to those of locally trained candidates. If the qualifications are not deemed equivalent, compensatory measures, such as a training program, an internship, or qualification exams, are imposed. However, certain admission requirements and procedures for recognition of qualifications are now being challenged, as they are considered inappropriate or discriminatory towards immigrants. As a result, it is timely to examine whether these admission and recognition standards respect the right to equality as guaranteed by the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms (Québec Charter). In this thesis, I conclude that foreign-trained professionals are victims of systemic discrimination when it comes to accessing regulated professions. To arrive at this conclusion, I reviewed the legal framework regulating admission to these professions, and the academic and professional literature relating to the difficulties faced by foreign-trained professionals throughout the admission process. Then, using the traditional legal method, I set out the teachings and principles of anti-discrimination law, and in particular under the Québec Charter. The decisions rendered across Canada in cases brought forward by foreign-trained professionals seeking access to a regulated profession show that, despite some loopholes, immigrants have reasonable chances to prove they are the victims of prima facie discrimination. In addition to the traditional legal method, I conducted a qualitative empirical research that demonstrates that Québec’s professional regulatory bodies misunderstand the meaning of public safety, and what it requires in the specific context of each profession. These observations confirm that, in many cases, norms regarding admission to regulated professions and the recognition of qualifications, whether by themselves or considered as a whole, are not justified, and therefore infringe the provisions of the Québec Charter. I conclude this thesis by proposing various measures, some of which are systemic, that professional regulatory bodies and other actors implicated in the admission processes can put in place in order to ensure that foreign-trained professionals’ equality rights are respected.

The author presents original research findings on the subject of the impact of a youth mentoring program, Fresh Start, on a group of at-risk adolescents in the United States. The article opens with an introduction and overview of the subject of youth mentoring, and proceeds to a review of the literature that describes types of mentoring and the varied outcomes mentoring programs have been documented to have on target populations. The literature also explains the concept of at-risk adolescents, and explains how and why mentoring programs are believed to be effective interventions for working with this population. The author then presents the methodology, research design, and procedures that were used for the study, and identifies the organization that served as the subject of the study. The researcher explained that data were collected from three distinct participant groups: students, teachers, and parents. The researcher documents the data collection and analysis techniques, and reports the results. Based on the study conducted, the researcher concluded that the Fresh Start mentoring intervention influenced statistically significant positive outcomes for participants with respect to the at-risk students’ behaviour and academic performance. Taking this conclusion into consideration, the researcher reflected upon the components of a mentoring program that are most likely to predict academic and social success for students who have been deemed at-risk, and offered recommendations for future research and program development. / Sociology / D. Phil.(Sociology )

The purpose of the thesis is to investigate planning processes for academic library buildings and the outcomes of such processes. This is accomplished through a case study utilising discourse analysis. The main question is: How is a vision of an academic library implemented in and through a building? The case study is retrospective and focused on the building of a newlibrary at Kalmar University, Sweden, at the end of the 1990s. During this period, technological and educational developments and general societal change transformed the context of library planning and made way for renegotiations of the librarian profession.A critical realist approach characterises the study of visions, processes and the analysis of the various functions of the building. Results reveal the proactive nature of the activities of thelibrary director in Kalmar. Early in the process he formulated a vision in which he presents the library as an information resource, a meeting place between different user groups and a workplace intended to promote learning and knowledge. From a professional point of view, the vision implied a dehierarchisation of relations both within the library staff and between library staff and visitors. The vision was based on an interpretation of Swedish national educational policy, and architecturally manifested by an ambition to reduce the physical and psychologicalboundaries between library staff and visitors. The early formulation of the visiontogether with the clients’ use of architectural expertise facilitated the choice of architects.However during the process a need arose to anchor the decision in the library field. Efforts were made to address library expertise and to collect user comments from a broader academic field. Discourses concerning the university library as a workplace and a meeting place wereespecially evident in the strategies of the leading agents. The discourses uncovered in the study correspond to more general discourses which became prominent in society and higher education during the period in question. The library itself has met growing appreciation by users both from within and outside the university.The proactive leadership demonstrated by the library director in Kalmar was based on hegemony rather than coercion. This corresponds to contemporary tendencies. Hegemonic consent may persist even after changes in leadership. In Kalmar however, architectural solutions with insufficient support from the library staff have been reconstructed after changes in leadership.Future research on architectural planning processes may pay further attention to different discursive resources, social fields and the positions within them. / Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten vid Göteborgs universitet för vinnande av doktorsexamen framläggs till offentlig granskning klockan 13.15 fredagen den 4 december 2009 i sal D207, Högskolan i Borås, Allégatan 1

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / INTRODUCTION: For this MPhil research assignment, I have chosen to write an article based on a small scale research project conducted in the Clinical Skills Centre (CSC) at Stellenbosch University. Medical students’ perceptions were gathered in order to evaluate the usefulness and relevance of the Clinical Skills module and the different components thereof as experienced by the students themselves. This in the end led to valuable feedback that were given to the course coordinators which in turn may lead to curricula changes being made to improve the overall teaching and learning experience for future medical students rotating through the CSC.

The central theme of this work is the elucidation of the circumstances that led to the decline of the apothecaries’ assistants. The Apothecaries Act (1815) formerly recognised them as dispensers of medicine and provided an appropriate examination and qualification. Initially, starting in 1850, men were the only candidates for the examination and it was not until 1887 that the first woman qualified. From that time the occupation became increasingly popular among young women, as it provided them with respectable employment dispensing medicines in institutions and doctors’ surgeries. This situation prevailed until The National Insurance Act (1911) transferred almost all the dispensing to the chemists and druggists. This dissertation examines the aspirations of the Pharmaceutical Society, the Society of Apothecaries, the government and the assistants themselves, all of whom were intimately involved in the changes brought about by the Act. While much has been written about medical history in the nineteenth century, little interest has been shown in the apothecaries’ assistants who were the main dispensers of medicines for a period of about 70 years. This thesis advances our understanding on this subject. Additionally, as most of the assistants were women from middle class families, it opens a window on the social and cultural changes that these young women and their families were experiencing in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Opiatberoende är ett allvarligt och svårt tillstånd och narkotikadödligheten i Sverige är mycket hög. Syftet med denna studie är att skaffa kunskap om och belysa hur missbrukshandläggare inom socialtjänsten i Dalarna ser på sitt arbete med personer med opiatberoende i relation till att behandlingsformen LARO ligger hos en annan huvudman. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts där missbrukshandläggare från fem olika kommuner i Dalarna har intervjuats. Det empiriska materialet har sedan analyserats i relation till tidigare forskning inom området samt teorier om domäner och professioner. Slutsatsen av studien visar att missbrukshandläggare i Dalarna upplever en del svårigheter i sitt arbete med opiatberoende klienter utifrån att det är två aktörer inblandade i att hjälpa dessa. Bland annat är långa köer till LARO samt svårigheter att få igenom tvångsvård för klienter som står i kö till eller är inskrivna på LARO problem som kan innebära en risk för klienternas liv. / Opiate addiction is a serious and difficult condition and drug mortality in Sweden is very high. The purpose of this study is to acquire knowledge and illustrate how staff working with drug addiction in social services in Dalarna look at their work with people with opiate addiction in relation to the fact that MAT lies with another operator. A qualitative study has been carried out where social workers who works with drug addiction from five different municipalities in Dalarna have been interviewed. The empirical data were analyzed in relation to previous research on the area and the theories of domains and professions. The conclusion of the study shows that the social workers in Dalarna experiencing some obstacles in their work with clients with opioid dependence since it is two operators involved. For example, the long queues to MAT and difficulties to get through forced addiction care were issues that may be a risk for clients lives.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

1 Annotation This thesis is focused on the issues of burnout syndrome and supervision as a form of prevention. The topic is focused on staff dedicated to the seniors with dementia in day-care centers. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the definition of basic terms related to burnout syndrome, dementia, daily care center and supervision. Results in the practical part come from the research methods used, specifically self-prepared questionnaire and questionnaire prepared by Ch. Maslachová and Ayala Pines "Tedium Measure". Furthermore I expanded the thesis with interview with selected expert. Using open questions the area of supervision and burnout syndrome is being discussed. The primary target of this thesis is to contribute to the prevention of burnout syndrome and also to map, whether supervision is being used in day-care facilities and whether it helps preventing the burnout syndrome.

Depuis le début des années 90, des collectifs d'architectes mettent en avant des démarches alternatives au processus traditionnel d'élaboration du projet architectural ou urbain. Ils privilégient des interventions sur les petites échelles permettant une implication plus importante des habitants sur le projet dans le cadre d'actions engageant peu de moyens. A la fois proches des artistes « activistes » ou de pratiques d'éducation populaire, ces architectes proposent des méthodes alliant pédagogie de la création et participation démocratique. Le militantisme et la coproduction avec le public semblent ainsi dessiner les contours de modèles d'action qui, bien que marginaux, participent au changement des valeurs traditionnelles du champ de l'architecture. Une nouvelle socialisation de l'activité des architectes semble alors être à l'oeuvre à travers ces formes d'engagements professionnels. La thèse est organisée en trois parties. La première présente un état des lieux de la socialisation de l'architecture à travers deux entrées principales : l'histoire sociale de la profession et le mouvement de la démocratisation de l'architecture. La deuxième chapitre vise à expliciter les formes de professionnalités développées par des collectifs à partir d'une description de fonctionnements associatifs et de divers champs d'action (interventions sociales et artistiques ou actions pédagogiques et participatives). Enfin, la troisième partie explore les modalités selon lesquelles des architectes et des artistes façonnent de nouvelles compétences construites à partir de déplacements relatifs à leurs champs de référence / Since the early 1990s, architects' collectives have placed emphasis on alternative approaches to the traditional process used to develop architectural or urban projects. These collectives privilege small scale interventions that permit a greater involvement of local residents in the project through actions requiring few means. Simultaneously close to “activist” artists and community education practices, these architects propose methods that ally the teaching of creativity and democratic participation. As a result, the activism and joint production with the public seems to outline the contours of action models that, although marginal, are contributing to changing traditional values within the field of architecture. A new socialisation of the activity carried out by architects seems to be taking shape through these forms of professional commitment. The thesis is organised into three parts. The first presents an assessment of the socialisation of architecture through two particular aspects: the social history of the profession and the movement towards the democratisation of architecture. The second chapter aims to clarify the forms of professionalism developed by the collectives through a description of the associative operational methods and the various fields of action (social and artistic interventions or educative and participative actions). Finally, the third part explores the methods through which architects and artists develop new skills by expanding their specific fields of reference