Dagens informationssamhälle, erbjuder nya sätt att interagera, att etablera relationer och att bibehålla kontakten mellan människor.Teknologi och terapi blir ett sätt att upprätthålla en terapeutisk relation med hjälp av Skype som informationsteknologiskt hjälpmedel. Syftet med studien är att undersöka psykoterapeuters upplevelser avden terapeutiska relationen inom psykodynamisk psykoterapi via videokommunikation. Frågeställningarna fokuserar på terapeuternas användning av de psykodynamiska teorierna, beskrivning av den terapeutiska relationen samt hur den terapeutiska alliansen byggs vid videokommunikation. Studien hade en kvalitativ forskningsansats med en hermeneutisk metod. Sex terapeuter som bedrev terapi på Skype harintervjuats. Resultaten visar att terapeuterna upplevde att det fanns en distans i relationen som kunde användas positivt för att utreda något djupare i terapin. Terapierna blev mer ordrika då överföringaroch motöverföringar inte kunde identifieras lika lätt som vid ett fysiskt möte. Den terapeutiska alliansen upplevdes skörare på Skype. Slutsatser av studien var att bedriva en psykodynamisk psykoterapi på Skype behövde terapeuterna anpassa teorin till teknologin. Distansen irelationen användes som ett hjälpmedel för att terapin skulle utvecklas till en insiktsterapi men kunde även verka till att försvaren förstärktes. / Today's information society, is offering new ways to interact, to establish relationships and maintain contact between people.Technology and therapy is a way to maintain a therapeutic relationship with the help of Skype as an information technology tools. The purpose of the study is to examine psychotherapist’s experiences of the therapeutic relationship in psychodynamic psychotherapy via videocommunication. Research questions focuses on the psychotherapists' use of psychodynamic theories, the description of the therapeutic relationship and how the therapeutic alliance is being built in videocommunications. The study was a qualitative research approach with a hermeneutic method. Six therapists who pursued therapy via Skype were interviewed. The results show that therapists felt that there was a distance in the relationship which could be used positively to investigate deeper into the therapy. The therapies became wordier as transferense and countertrancferences could not be identified as easily as in a physical meeting. The therapeutic alliance felt more fragile on Skype. Discussions from the study shows in order to pursue a psychodynamic psychotherapy on Skype the therapists needed to adapt the theory to the technology. The distance in the relationship was used as a means of therapy to be developed into insight therapy but could also seem to strengthen the defenses.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:22:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KASSIA KELY GOMES SILVA.pdf: 21870608 bytes, checksum: 6330fefebf04e6a0a3a8ecd27ac46345 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-12 / Soccer is the greatest social phenomenon in Brazil, in that it is admired and played by many people, permeated for peculiar ideologies and fleeting waves, a reason that took us to research its workers, the players. So, this paper has seeked to learn how the professional athletes of soccer experience their work for the Team X? What are the feelings that they attribute to their work as professional athletes for Team X? The labor reported experiences were systematized and analyzed, having as substrate three macro-categories that group the established categories a priori from the Psychodynamic approach in the paper, which are: Category 1 Professional Journey and Identity; Category 2 Work Management Work conditions, Work Organization and Work Relations; and Category 3 Subjective Mobilization Work Objectives, Experiences of Pleasure and Suffering in the work and Facing Strategies. So that it was possible, we decided to do a study of case of descriptive and exploratory character, in a soccer team, using for technique of collecting data, semi-structured interview and documental analyses, we interviewed 21 players, we used as inclusive criteria: being athlete of professional soccer, male sex, hired by the X Team and taking part in the daily activities like training and preparing. The interview guide was a leading axe having questions that encompassed the three macro categories. The discursive analysis was used to treat the generated data from the interview. Results showed that the history of these players have been permeated by many fallacious discourses as their representation the society holds over their profession, they live in a context very competitive, this characteristic of their Sport insert them in an alienating logic, peculiar of the system instrumental logic of production, in which subordination, denial and self-overcoming consist in conditions sine qua nom for staying in the market. The work for the athletes still consist in recognizing source, pleasure and social accession, which provides them with pleasurable experiences. The athletes in the execution of their work provide happiness for the supporters, making them to forget the daily maladies, this is important, because it justifies in many aspects the everyday work, besides contributing in the forge of the resignification of suffering inherent to that one. Reinforced by the media work, the athletes are considered idols, examples and myths. Like this, it was possible to understand the meaning of the work for the Professional soccer players, from three aspects: personal, social accession and promising career; the professional aspects, for they are considered idols, promoters of entertainment, subjects without culture that get rich and finally the popularity aspects, for playing soccer is a different profession, better paid, although, the media sells a twisted image, which does not represent the reality lived by them. But, even if the reality be contradictory, the pleasure of being a professional athlete for these professional overcome the suffering. / O futebol consiste no maior fenômeno social do Brasil, sendo admirado e praticado por muitas pessoas, permeado por ideologias e modismos peculiares, motivo que nos levou a optar por pesquisar os trabalhadores - atletas profissionais de futebol. Assim, esta dissertação buscou apreender como os atletas profissionais de futebol vivenciam seu trabalho no Clube X? E quais os sentidos que atribuem ao seu trabalho como atleta profissional no clube X? As experiências laborais relatadas foram sistematizadas e analisadas, tendo como substrato três macro categorias que agruparam as categorias estabelecidas a priori da abordagem Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, que são: Categoria 1 - Identidade e Trajetória profissionais; Categoria 2 - Gestão do Trabalho - Condições de Trabalho, Organização do Trabalho e Relações de Trabalho; e Categoria 3 - Mobilização Subjetiva Sentidos do Trabalho, Vivências de Prazer e Sofrimento no Trabalho e Estratégias de Enfrentamento. Para que isto fosse possível, optamos por realizar um estudo de caso de caráter descritivo e exploratório, em um clube de futebol, utilizamos como técnica de coleta de dados, entrevistas semi estruturadas e análise documental, entrevistamos 21 atletas, utilizamos como critérios de inclusão: ser atleta de futebol profissional, do sexo masculino, contratado pelo clube X e estar participando das práticas cotidianas do clube como treinamentos e concentrações. O roteiro de entrevista foi um eixo norteador contendo perguntas que contemplaram as três macro categorias. Os dados gerados pelas entrevistas foram tratados a partir de análise discursiva. Os resultados mostraram que a trajetória destes jogadores foi permeada por muitos discursos falaciosos quanto à representação que a sociedade possui a respeito da profissão deles, vivem num contexto muito competitivo, esta característica do esporte insere-os numa lógica alienante, própria da lógica instrumental do sistema de produção, onde subordinação, negação e auto-superação consistem em condições sine qua nom de permanência no mercado. O trabalho para os atletas consiste ainda em fonte de reconhecimento, prazer e ascensão social, o que proporciona a eles vivências de prazer. Os atletas na execução de seu trabalho proporcionam alegria aos torcedores, fazendo-os esquecer as mazelas do dia a dia, e isto é importante, pois justifica em muitos aspectos o cotidiano do trabalho, além de contribuir no fomento da ressignificação do sofrimento inerente a este. Reforçados pela atuação da mídia, os atletas, são considerados ídolos, exemplos e mitos. Sendo assim, foi possível entender o significado do trabalho para o atleta profissional de futebol, a partir de três aspectos: os pessoais, de ascensão social e de carreira promissora; os aspectos profissionais, pois são considerados ídolos, promotores de diversão às pessoas, sujeitos sem cultura que enriqueceram; e finalmente os aspectos de popularidade, pois jogar futebol é uma profissão diferente, melhor remunerada, porém, a mídia vende uma imagem distorcida, que não condiz com a realidade vivida por eles. Todavia, ainda que a realidade seja contraditória, o prazer em ser atleta profissional de futebol para estes profissionais, prevalece sobre o sofrimento.

The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of the social unconscious on organizational learning in Kazakhstan. Organizational learning is presented as a social process, and interpreted as happening in the interplay between social and unconscious emotions and organizational power relations (Vince and Gabriel, 2011; Vince, 2001). Psychodynamic theory is used to study organizational learning. This approach supports an analysis of the interplay between unconscious emotions and power relations that affect organizational learning processes. The study pinpoints how individuals in organizations are bound to organizational power relations, which both define the learning possibilities of its members, and, at the same time, reproduce those power relations. I focus on the unconscious elements of the reproduction of power relations that harbour and steer individual and collective relations (Frosh, 2001). Particular attention is paid to how power relations, which are influenced by the social unconscious (Weinberg, 2007) regulate individuals’ inner worlds and underlie their social interactions. The empirical part of the thesis presents the fieldwork in five organisations where semi-structured interviews were carried out using elements of photo-elicitation, with records kept in my reflexive diary notes. The work is grounded in my empirical data, and designed to address the research questions by iterative movement between the captured data and the theoretical framework. The research contributes to scholarship pertaining to emotion, politics and organizational learning with the key contribution being the insights gained from probing the role of individuals and their emotions in their efforts to learn in post-Soviet organizations. Elements of the old (Soviet) regime linger in the new organizations that form Kazakhstan's free market economy and the tension between these regimes provides an environment that is rich both in emotion and power/politics. This offers an opportunity to shed light on the interplay between emotion as well as power during individual and organizational attempts to learn. More specifically, emotions and organizational power relations are discussed through five aspects of the social unconscious identified from the empirical data. Subsequently, four sets of emotions pertaining to the five aspects are refined from these findings and discussed in terms of the impact that emotions have on learning processes.

A maior parte das empresas do mundo tem origem histórica vinculada à família e assim permanecem por toda a sua existência. Neste tipo de empreendimento os sistemas família, propriedade e negócio encontram-se sobrepostos e tanto abordagens econômicas quanto psicológicas são importantes para a o entendimento. Esta pesquisa, realizada em uma empresa familiar, buscou compreender as relações entre a dinâmica de liderança da família dirigente e dimensões da cultura organizacional. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso com delineamento qualitativo analisado sob a ótica sistêmica e psicodinâmica. A triangulação de dados provenientes de diferentes fontes foi utilizada para articular a visão dos participantes da pesquisa. Os instrumentos para a coleta de dados foram: levantamento de informações sobre a organização utilizando o Questionário de Caracterização da Empresa e Diário de Campo; a dinâmica familiar relacionada à liderança foi avaliada por meio da Entrevista Organizacional Estruturada (EOE) e para identificarmos a cultura organizacional foi utilizada a Escala de Cultura Organizacional - ECO a fim de medir sete variáveis da cultura organizacional. A dinâmica de liderança encontrada nos membros da família indica tendência à liderança autocrática, situacional, diferenciada e inadequada. Foram identificados vários mitos permeando a dinâmica da família e seu relacionamento com a empresa. A cultura organizacional apresentou-se como pouco flexível, centralizadora, burocrática e com baixo reconhecimento da qualidade do trabalho executado pelos profissionais. As dimensões de CO analisadas apresentaram sinergia com práticas e políticas gerenciais praticadas pelo fundador da empresa ao longo de sua história. Os resultados deste estudo também apontam para a relevância dos instrumentos de avaliação de grupos sob a ótica psicodinâmica e sistêmica na pesquisa qualitativa. A Entrevista Organizacional Estruturada mostrou ser um rico material para análise psicodinâmica de empresas familiares. Sugere-se aplicação futura tanto da entrevista (EOE) como da escala (ECO) em avaliações de saúde e desempenho organizacional. / Most of firms in the world has a historical origin linked to the family and remain so throughout its existence. In this type of enterprise systems family, property and business are overlapping and both economic and psychological approaches are important for the understanding. This research, performed in a family business, sought to understand the relationships between the dynamics of family leadership and leadership dimensions of organizational culture. The method used was the case study with qualitative design analysis from a systemic and psychodynamic perspective. The triangulation of data from different sources was used to articulate the vision of the research participants. The instruments for data collection were: gathering information about the organization using the Company\' Questionnaire Characterization, Field Diary; family dynamics related to leadership was assessed by Organizational Structured Interview (EOE) and to identify the organizational culture was used to Scale Organizational Culture (ECO) to measure seven variables of organizational culture. The dynamics of leadership found in the family members was autocratic, situational, differentiated and inadequate. Several myths permeating the dynamics of the operation of the company were also identified. Organizational culture was presented as inflexible, centralized, bureaucratic and low recognition of the quality of work performed by professionals. The dimensions of CO analyzed showed synergy with managerial practices and policies adopted by the founder of the company throughout its history. The results of this study also point to the validity of the use of assessment tools from the perspective of groups psychodynamic and systemic in qualitative research. The Organizational Structured Interview proved to be a rich material for analysis of psychodynamic family businesses. Future implementation of both the interview (EOE) and scale (ECO) in health assessments and organizational performance is suggested.

Permission has been gained from Children’s Rehabilitation Centre, Minsk and from the relevant authorities in Belarus to use the name of the Centre in this thesis. This research explores the principal meeting points and tensions, for practitioners at Children’s Rehabilitation Centre Minsk, between Winnicott’s theories of the holding environment (1960) and play (1971), and current classroom practice with children with complex needs based on Vygotsky’s theory of defectology. It considers whether and in what ways those practitioners are able to assimilate Winnicott’s theories, and their usefulness in supporting classroom-based work with children with complex needs. Finally, the research explores perceived changes in relationships between staff and children arising from this experience, in accordance with CRC’s self-identified need for support in this area. A mixed-methods design was adopted, employing qualitative and quantitative research methods. Winnicott’s theories provide the framework for the development of a new evaluation instrument. This gives the theoretical structure for a specifically designed staff development programme, integrating teaching, experiential work and practice-based sessions, which was central to the fieldwork at CRC. Eight staff participants evaluated their usual musical interaction with a child with complex needs (pre-intervention). Following engagement with the staff development programme (intervention), participants undertook ten individual music sessions with the same child (post-intervention). Sessions were filmed, and two self-chosen extracts pre- and post-intervention were self-rated against the descriptors of the evaluation instrument. Participants then reflected on the experience with the child in interviews. To provide triangulation, the same 16 video extracts were randomised, and then rated in the same way by 16 UK music therapists in an online study. Thematic analysis of data shows that the experience of Winnicott’s ‘holding’ in the learning process enabled participants to attune to, and empathise with the child. Quantitative analysis shows consequent adaptation to the child. It is concluded that Winnicott’s theories are accessible, relevant and applicable within classroom practice at CRC, to support the establishment and development of positive relationships between staff and children.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-10-02T11:57:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANA EVANGELISTA BRASILEIRO.pdf: 1369266 bytes, checksum: 8203f876cc5d809c9e6da485f5a7ae9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T11:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANA EVANGELISTA BRASILEIRO.pdf: 1369266 bytes, checksum: 8203f876cc5d809c9e6da485f5a7ae9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-18 / The present study is the result of research carried out in an organization that Works in the field entertainment and leisure. It is a descriptive exploratory case study whose main objective was to investigate the perception of the workers in the circus in relation to their work environment based on the speech of the circus workers. The specific objectives of the study are: to understand the work environment of the circus workers and investigate the meanings that they attribute to their work, The theoretic base of the research is a psychodynamic approach to the work that includes the following categories: work organization, work conditions, inter-subjective relationships established within the organization, experiences of pleasure and suffering as well as strategies used by the workers in order to minimize the suffering. For the collection of data, semi-structured individual interviews with sixteen circus workers were used. After the literal transcription, the interviews were analyzed in accordance with the discourse analysis. The data indicate that the work organization, the work conditions and the work relations have similar characteristics to other organizations, forming, in this study, a category called administration of the work. The relationship and the liberty in the work are perceived as much as advantages as disadvantages to the circus workers. The workers consider the relationship with colleagues and bosses satisfactory, however the living and working together with the people from the job became a difficulty. There is a liberty/autonomy in relation to the presentation and rehearsals, however, it is necessary to the rules and norms, in addition to the need to be at the disposal of the circus most of the day, weekends and holidays. The working conditions are satisfactory, taking into consideration the adaptation during the trips (climate, noise, etc.). Working for a well-known name in the market, having your work card signed (for some) and satisfactory salaries were factories to represent security for the circus workers studied. The name of the company and the demands of the public, on the other hand, cause pressure and overwork. A variety of tasks which produce satisfaction by accumulating new functions and better salaries also cause overwork. The experiences of pleasure, those of suffering, the defensive strategies and the meaning of work, formed the second category denominate as subjective aspects of work. There is great satisfaction for those who participate in the work of the circus, for they consider the work to be gratifying and permits them to reach their objectives, fulfillment and survival, as well as bringing about a great deal of pleasure and being the pride of the family. The recognition of the public and the press, and the appreciation of their own work also brings pleasure to the circus worker. On the other hand the workers claim physical and mental fatigue with the work. There is also dissatisfaction in relation to the salary, rights and benefits, besides the lack of recognition of the circus as culture and art, by society and the government which, for example, result in difficulties to install themselves in cities. The defensive strategies used indicate denial an/or rationalization represented by certain behaviours, such as: the search for a close relationship with colleagues and bosses, taking into consideration their daily living; the conformity in relation to the work environment, accidents, etc. Considering all of the previous categories, the meaning that the workers attribute to their work have factors in common with other organizations, such as: security and stability of tasks, pleasure and pride in the work and recognition of the work. However, there are the meanings that are specific to the circus in virtue of their life style. The family’s relationships established in the circus plays a central role in the life of circus workers, which guide the forms of work, of living, of learning, of values and traditions acquired by family inheritance. / O presente estudo é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada em uma organização que atua no ramo de entretenimento e lazer. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de caráter descritivoexploratório com o objetivo geral de investigar a percepção dos trabalhadores do circo em relação ao seu contexto de trabalho com base em seu discurso. Tem como objetivos específicos: apreender o contexto de trabalho dos trabalhadores do circo e investigar os sentidos que os trabalhadores circenses atribuem ao seu trabalho. O embasamento teórico da pesquisa é a abordagem psicodinâmica do trabalho que abrange as seguintes categorias: organização do trabalho, condições de trabalho, relações intersubjetivas estabelecidas no interior da organização, vivências de prazer e sofrimento e estratégias utilizadas pelos trabalhadores para enfrentar o sofrimento. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas individuais com dezesseis trabalhadores de um circo. Após transcrição literal, elas foram analisadas conforme a análise de discurso. Os dados indicam que a organização do trabalho, as condições de trabalho e as relações de trabalho abarcam características semelhantes a outras organizações, foram aglutinadas em uma categoria denominada nesta pesquisa de gestão do trabalho. O relacionamento e a liberdade no trabalho são percebidos tanto como vantagens como desvantagens para os trabalhadores do circo. Consideram o relacionamento com colegas e chefes satisfatório, porém a convivência (morar e trabalhar) com as pessoas do trabalho torna-se uma dificuldade. Existe uma liberdade/autonomia em relação à realização de números e aos ensaios, porém, é necessário o cumprimento de regras e de normas, além da necessidade de estar à disposição do circo a maior parte do dia, aos finais de semana e feriados. As condições de trabalho são satisfatórias, apesar de exigir uma constante adaptação durante as viagens (clima, barulho, etc.). Trabalhar em uma empresa de renome no mercado, ter carteira assinada (para alguns) e salários satisfatórios, geram segurança aos trabalhadores do circo pesquisado. O nome da empresa e as exigências do público, por outro lado, provocam pressão e sobrecarga, além da variedade de tarefas que produz tanto satisfação por agregar novas funções e salários como sobrecarga no trabalho. As vivências de prazer, as de sofrimento, as estratégias defensivas e os sentidos do trabalho, formaram a segunda grande categoria denominada de aspectos subjetivos do trabalho. Há uma grande satisfação dos participantes por trabalharem no circo, pois consideram o trabalho gratificante e que proporciona o alcance de objetivos, conquista e sobrevivência, além de provocar prazer e ser um orgulho para a família circense. O reconhecimento do público e da empresa, e a valorização do seu próprio trabalho também são indicadores de prazer ao trabalhador circense. Por outro lado, os participantes relataram cansaço físico e mental no trabalho. Existe também relatos de insatisfação em relação ao salário, direitos e benefícios, além da falta de reconhecimento do circo como cultura e arte por parte da sociedade e do governo, o que resulta em dificuldades de instalarem-se nas cidades, por exemplo. As estratégias defensivas utilizadas indicam a negação e/ou a racionalização representadas por determinados comportamentos, tais como: a busca de bom relacionamento com colegas e chefes, levando em consideração a convivência diária com eles; o conformismo relativo ao ambiente de trabalho e outros, também se caracterizam como estratégias defensivas. Abordando todas as categorias anteriores, os sentidos que os trabalhadores atribuem ao seu trabalho possuem fatores em comum com outras organizações, tais como: segurança e estabilidade, variedade de tarefas, prazer e orgulho no trabalho e reconhecimento do trabalho. Porém, existem sentidos específicos do circo, em virtude do estilo de vida circense. As relações familiares estabelecidas no circo encontram lugar central na vida dos circenses o que norteia as formas de trabalho, de vida, de aprendizagem, de valores e tradições adquiridos por herança familiar.

Vad är avgörande vändpunkter i psykoterapi? Detta är en kvalitativ studie av konfidenters upplevelser av avgörande ögonblick/vändpunkter. Studien utgår från konfidenternas upplevelser och beskrivning av dessa vändpunkter. Metoden är fenomenologisk och utgår ifrån EPP- metoden. Samtliga sex informanter har gått i terapi över 25 timmar och alla har gått i en psykodynamisk terapi. Resultatet visade inte på några avgörande ögonblick/vändpunkter i form av aha-upplevelser. Konfidenterna lyfte istället fram vändpunkter i form av insikter över tid. Två gemensamma drag trädde fram i materialet. Konfidenterna framhöll hur de med terapins hjälp fick syn på hur de suttit fast i mönster och försvar i sina tidiga objektrelationer. Konfidenterna framhöll också vikten av ett "eget rum" att möta sig själv tillsammans med terapeuten. / What is the crucial turning point in psychotherapy? This is a qualitative study of patients' experiences of the crucial moments/ turning points in their psychotherapy. This study examined patients' experiences and their description of these. The method is phenomenological and is called the EPP- method. The six informants have all attended more than 25 hours of therapy they have all attended psychodynamic therapy. The results revealed no crucial moments/ turning points such as "aha moment". Instead the patients emphasized turning points and insights over time. Two common features emerged in the material. The patients emphasized how they due to the therapy became aware of how they have been stuck in patterns and defense systems due to their early object relations. The patients also emphasized the importance of a "private room" of their own where they could meet themselves together with the therapist.

Unga vuxna är en grupp som i allt större utsträckning söker stöd för sina psykiska svårigheter. Att hitta samtalsformer som är verksamma är därför av stor vikt för målgruppen. På S:t Lukas Stockholmsmottagning har man valt att erbjuda unga i åldrarna 18-29 år ”Upp till fyra samtal” – en form av problemformulerande samtal eller counselling. Genom att sätta sig mer in i hur terapeutens arbete gestaltar sig i den här typen av kortare samtalskontakt, kan stödet till målgruppen förhoppningsvis utvecklas ytterligare. Frågeställningar: Hur arbetar terapeuterna på S:t Lukas Stockholmsmottagning i counselling med målgruppen unga vuxna? Hur upplever terapeuterna arbetet med metoden och målgruppen? Metod: I undersökningen tillämpades en kvalitativ, deskriptiv metod där data samlades in med hjälp av bandinspelade, kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer. En tematisk analys användes som bearbetningsmetod. Resultat: Studien visar att terapeuternas arbetssätt till viss del skiljer sig åt, främst när det gäller hur de hanterar ramen och inriktningen på interventioner. I upplevelsen är terapeuterna eniga i att motöverföringen är stark och ofta konfliktfylld, men de uppger inget behov av handledning. Skillnader från den ursprungliga metoden framkom även i den yttre ramen, främst i avsaknaden av handledning. Diskussion: Terapeuternas olika arbetssätt diskuterades samt avvikelser från metodens ursprungliga form. Orsaker till terapeuternas avsaknad av behov av handledning diskuterades utifrån arbetet med den komplexa målgruppen och organisatoriska aspekter. / Young adults seek help for their psychological problems to an increasing extent. Finding effective forms of therapy is of great importance for this group. At the S:t Lukas office in Stockholm, young adults aged 18-29 are offered “Up to four sessions” – a problem focused form of counselling. By learning more about how the therapist works with and experiences this counselling, the support for the target group might be further improved. Research questions: How do the therapists at S:t Lukas office in Stockholm work in counselling with young adults? What are their experiences from working with the method and the target group? Method: A qualitative, descriptive method was used, where data was collected through recorded semi-structured interviews. When processing the data a thematic analysis was applied. Results: The study shows that the therapists’ ways of working differ in how they handle the frame and what kind of interventions they use. The therapists all experience a strong countertransference, often conflictual, but they do not express any need for supervision. Deviations from the original method were also found in the outer frame, mainly in the lack of supervision. Discussion: The therapists’ different ways of working were discussed and also how the method seems to have changed from its original model. The reasons why the therapists do not express any need for supervision were discussed in relation to the complex target group and organizational factors.

Inledning: Människans gudsbilder avslöjar något om de möjligheter och problemområden hon står inför. Att öka kunskapen kring hur gudsföreställningar kan bemötas i psykoterapin är viktigt för forskningen, i synnerhet i mångfaldssamhället. Syftet med studien var att undersöka patienters erfarenheter av om, och i så fall hur, psykoterapin påverkade deras föreställningar om Gud. Frågeställningarna fokuserade patienternas upplevelser av vad som skedde med deras gudsföreställningar under en psykoterapi och erfarenheterna kring vilka faktorer som eventuellt bidrog till en påverkan på dessa. Metod: Fem patienter som avslutat en psykoterapeutisk behandling intervjuades. Studien hade en kvalitativ forskningsansats och tillämpade en fenomenologisk–hermeneutisk analysmetod. Resultat: Studien visar att gudsbilderna förändras genom psykoterapi. Stränga föreställningar blir friare och nyanseras. Metaforer framträder, vilket bidrar till en ny livssyn. Patientens utveckling hör ihop med gudsbildernas utveckling och vice versa. Bearbetningen leder till ökad känsla av ansvar, intresse för den egna utvecklingen och ökade möjligheter att relatera till andra. Förändringsfaktorer beror framför allt på terapeutens sätt att vara och intervenera. Diskussion: Resultaten visar möjlighet att arbeta fruktbart med fundamentalistiskt orienterade patienter. Gud som övergångsobjekt uppfattas som falsk trygghet och den ökade känslan av ansvar lindrar depressiva drag. Terapeutens interveneringar har betydelse för gudsbildernas och livstydningens utveckling, liksom terapeutens förkunskap gällande religiös livsvärld. Bearbetning av gudsbilder förändrar självuppfattningen och ökar skapandeförmågan.

In home support is now being provided to not only people with disabilities but also to those who are ageing or have a psychological impairment. It is preferred by both government and support recipients as a viable alternative to the more costly and disruptive institutional support. This study looks at the various parties that are involved in managing the boundaries when providing support in unconventional workplaces; workplaces that are also homes; homes that are controlled and managed by the person receiving the support, not the person supervising the worker. The distance the home is from the organisation, the place from which the employee is supervised becomes a physical boundary. Boundaries are also psychological; a home is a space that forms a safe refuge from the world, a home is comforting and secure; a space that contains precious possessions. The workers are working within someone's intimate space. This creates difficulties for both the workers and their supervisors. The study takes a psychodynamic approach. What is happening at an unconscious level influences the behaviour of the various parties and can change and distort the desired outcomes for the client. The material for the study was gathered from interviews, Murray's Thematic Apperception Techniques (TAT) (Teglasi 2001) style exercises and drawings from eight clients, five coordinators and five support workers. Two workplaces were observed and seven case studies collected. A survey of 389 support workers was conducted and analysed. The results highlight the preoccupation of organisations and through them service coordinators, with controlling risk in the workplace. This puts them at odds with clients who feel they have control over their own homes. Both clients and coordinators vigorously defend what they see as their territory. The coordinators are left feeling envious of the support workers who have a close relationship with their clients, a relationship about which, they as former support workers have personal knowledge. The support worker's role is to support. They are only able to do this by defending and smothering their own emotional responses through a veil of niceness. They are unable to express many of their own feelings, which might not only be regarded as shameful but also condemned by their employer. Most staff, both support workers and coordinators lack the skills to manage and understand their own emotional responses. Although there is no easy answer to the dilemma raised within this context. I hope by identifying what is happening organisations might be able to at least understand the origins of individual carers', clients' and coordinators' behaviours and take steps to provide a safe container in which these feelings can be explored and discussed. The in-home care industry has difficulty in recruiting and retaining staff. Organisations therefore need to invest in supporting staff who work in these situations.