A presente dissertação busca entender as razões do insucesso dos pequenos partidos políticos em Cabo Verde e o seu fraco desempenho eleitoral ao longo da história política cabo verdiana. O modelo do financiamento público tem sido apontado como a causa principal deste resultado. Questionamos essa explicação, buscando mostrar que a razão que está por trás do insucesso dos pequenos partidos não se deve unicamente à dificuldade de acesso ao financiamento público, mas também a outras variáveis, nem todas elas institucionais. Através da análise dos dados do Afrobarómetro é possível inferir que os pequenos partidos não têm apoio da população. As pessoas não transferem as suas preferências numa terceira força partidária, favorecendo assim os dois grandes partidos, fomentando ainda mais o bipartidarismo. / This work seeks to understand the reasons for the failure of small political parties in Cape Verde and its weak electoral performance throughout the political history Cape Verdean . Public funding model has been suggested as the main cause of this result. We question this explanation, seeking to show that the reason behind the failure of small parties is not due solely to the difficulty of access to public funding, but also to other variables, not all of them institutional. By analyzing the Afrobarometer data we can infer that the small parties have no popular support. People do not transfer their preferences in a third party force, favoring the two major parties, encouraging even more bipartisanship.

À partir de la première décennie du XXe siècle, tous les pays de l’Europe occidentale sont intervenus dans le secteur du cinéma pour poursuivre des objectifs publics, à la fois culturels et économiques, qui ont évolué au rythme des régimes politiques successifs. Le droit public du cinéma s’est donc développé autour de trois formes d’intervention étatique : le contrôle des œuvres, la promotion de l’industrie et de l’art cinématographiques et la régulation du marché du cinéma. À l’heure actuelle, le cinéma vit des transformations économiques et technologiques importantes, qui perturbent le droit public du cinéma au point d’en remettre en discussion la nécessité. Notre travail de recherche vise à démontrer qu’une fois qu’un État considère que la protection de la diversité et de la liberté de la création, la garantie d’une offre cinématographique plurielle et la protection de la sensibilité des mineurs sont essentiels pour le développement de la société démocratique, l’intervention publique dans le domaine du cinéma s’impose. La France et l’Italie sont à cet égard deux pays emblématiques. Parmi les premiers à élaborer un droit public du cinéma fort et étendu, les deux pays passent de la construction d’un modèle normatif commun à une divergence radicale de leurs législations en matière de cinéma. La comparaison entre la France et l’Italie montre, tout d’abord, la nécessité constante du droit public du cinéma pour la promotion de la diversité cinématographique et la protection des mineurs. Ensuite, elle met en valeur à quel point l’efficacité du droit public du cinéma dépend de la capacité du législateur d’interpréter les transformations du marché et de la technologie et de les traduire en droit. Enfin, la confrontation des deux droits indique qu’à l’ère du numérique, l’axe d’intervention publique le plus important devient la régulation de la concurrence du marché interne au cinéma et du marché de ses moyens de diffusion. / In the cinema industry, since the early twentieth century, all the Western European countries pursued different objectives within their respective cultural and economical policies. These were based accordingly to their varying systems of government.European cinema public law developed according to three public intervention modalities. These modalities are the following key aspects; film censorship, the promotion of the art and industry of the cinema, and finally cinema market regulation.Currently the cinema is going through important economic and technological transformations. These changes cloud over the law of cinema to such an extent that the necessity of which is being questioned.This thesis means to prove the necessity of state intervention in film to protect cultural diversity, freedom of expression, and underage sensibility in the virtual vehicle of film. This thesis proposes that if State considers these concepts important for a democratic society then it is vitally essential to intervene. In this light, Italy and France are two emblematic countries that are among the first to elaborate a strong articulated public law of cinema. France and Italy have moved from the construction of a common normative model to a framework of radically diverging laws. The comparison between these two countries demonstrates some principal dynamics. The most imperative of these is the permanent need for a common cinema law oriented to the promotion of cinema diversity and the protection of the underage population. Furthermore, this comparison underlines how much the efficacy of public cinema law depends on the legislator’s capacity to interpret the market of cinema and relevant technological transformations and thus, how they are integration into the law. Finally, this Franco-Italian comparison points out that in today’s digital era, the most important public intervention becomes the regulation of the following two base concepts. Regulating the cinema’s market competition is essential in this public intervention. It is equally critical for cinema law to allow equal access to the diffusion of cinematic works in the varying media outlets such as television and the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SSO - Rosemeire Scatena.pdf: 2111235 bytes, checksum: 44b0877f73988dfdaa2e3338e8856d41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study has as main purpose to analyse how the budget works on financing the Social Assistance Policy in city governments, of the same region, based in the laws which determine the political content about Social Assistance from the Federal Constitution of 1988. The main argument is that the social assistant services demand has improved, the financial resources are defficient, and the city governments argue that they might not support these services by themselves. The real causes of the reducement of public financing on Social Assistance are hidden by a series of elements which has practical, conceptual, cultural and political nature. As basis, this work used the experimental examination of main instruments on public tax management planning, specifically in Social Assistance area at Campinas Metropolitan Region, from the analysis of the behaviorism and the allocated preferences on budget cycles on financing the Social Assistance at local governments. The results of this analysis pointed a lot of elements at the process of financing this policy that needed to be faced and surpassed to reach the consolidation of financing of Social Assistance at the same stage on other public social cut policies, pointing as a great challenge the joint of a new political culture which be able to embrace theoric, conceptual and technical qualification, and, also, the joint of the nature of these rights / Apoiado em marcos legais, que definem os conteúdos políticos da Assistência Social a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo identificar as condições pré-instaladas no campo do financiamento da Assistência Social em governos locais de uma mesma região para adesão ao SUAS, desenvolvendo o argumento de que os insuficientes recursos destinados ao financiamento da Política Pública de Assistência Social, não se reduzem apenas a incapacidade financeira dos municípios para atender ao aumento da demanda por serviços sócio-assistenciais. Um conjunto de elementos de natureza técnica, conceitual, cultural e política cercam o campo do financiamento público dessa política, obscurecendo os motivos concretos da minimilização dos recursos destinados a ela. Centrado nessa análise, este estudo baseia-se no exame empírico dos principais instrumentos de planejamento de gestão fiscal pública, particularmente os da área da Assistência Social em municípios da Região Metropolitana de Campinas, a partir de um grande eixo investigativo: o comportamento e as preferências alocativas no ciclo orçamentário do financiamento da Assistência Social em governos locais. Os resultados dessa investigação apontam para vários elementos presentes no processo de financiamentos dessa política, que precisam ser enfrentados e superados para se alcançar sua consolidação no mesmo patamar de prioridade que outras políticas públicas de corte social, colocando como o maior desafio, a incorporação de uma nova cultura política capaz de conciliar capacitação teórica, conceitual e técnica e da natureza desses direitos

This dissertation examines the role of public investments in inducing small firms to develop risky, early-stage technologies. It contributes to expanding our understanding of the consequences of research, innovation, and entrepreneurship policies and programs by investigating in more depth the effect of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program on the innovation effort, ability to attract external capital, and other metrics of post-entry performance of small business start-ups using a new sample and estimation approach. Unlike prior R&D subsidy studies that concentrated almost exclusively on European countries, this dissertation focused on small business start-ups in the United States using a new scientific survey of new firms. It integrated the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) from the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation with the SBIR recipient dataset from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) and used advances in statistical matching to achieve better comparability between the treated and control groups of small business start-ups. The integrated KFS-SBA dataset, which contains both recipient and non-recipient small firms, and statistical matching allowed us to empirically construct the counterfactual outcomes of SBIR recipients. This dissertation balanced the pre-treatment characteristics of SBIR recipients and non-recipients through propensity score matching (PSM). It constructed the comparison sample by identifying non-recipients with nearly identical propensity scores as those of SBIR recipients. Consistent with the propensity score theorem, observations with the same distribution of propensity scores have the same distribution of observable characteristics. PSM made the comparison and treatment samples homogenous except in SBIR program exposure, making the fundamental assumption of ignorability of treatment assignment more plausible. Using the realized outcomes of observationally similar non-recipient start-ups as the counterfactual outcomes of SBIR recipients, we found empirical evidence of the input additionality effect of the SBIR program. Had they not applied for and granted SBIR R&D subsidies, recipient start-ups would have spent only $185,000 in R&D, but with SBIR their R&D effort was significantly increased to $663,000, on average. The treatment effects analyses also found a significant positive effect of SBIR on innovation propensity and employment. However, it appears that public co-financing of commercial R&D has crowded-out privately financed R&D of small business start-ups in the United States. A dollar of SBIR subsidy decreased firm-financed R&D by about $0.16. Contrary to prior SBIR studies, we did not find any significant "halo effect" or "certification effect" of receiving an SBIR award on attracting external capital. However, we discovered a different certification effect of the SBIR program: SBIR grantees are more likely to attract external patents. This finding also confirms that innovation requires a portfolio of internal and external knowledge assets as theorized by David Teece and his colleagues. This dissertation's empirical results may be relevant to the Small Business Administration, SBIR participating agencies, the U.S. Congress, other federal, state and local policymakers, small high-tech start-ups, and scholars in the field of science, technology, and innovation policy.

This dissertation examines the role of public investments in inducing small firms to develop risky, early-stage technologies. It contributes to expanding our understanding of the consequences of research, innovation, and entrepreneurship policies and programs by investigating in more depth the effect of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program on the innovation effort, ability to attract external capital, and other metrics of post-entry performance of small business start-ups using a new sample and estimation approach. This study integrated the Kauffman Firm Survey from the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation with the SBIR recipient dataset from the U.S. Small Business Administration and used advances in the micro-econometrics of program evaluation to empirically construct the counterfactual outcomes of SBIR recipients. We found empirical evidence of the input additionality effect of the SBIR program. The treatment effects analyses also found a significant positive effect of SBIR on innovation propensity and employment. However, it appears that public co-financing of commercial R&D has crowded-out privately financed R&D of small business start-ups in the United States. A dollar of SBIR subsidy decreased firm-financed R&D by about $0.16. Contrary to prior SBIR studies, we did not find any significant “halo effect” or “certification effect” of receiving an SBIR award on attracting external capital. What we discovered is a different certification effect of the SBIR program: SBIR grantees are more likely to attract external patents. This finding confirms that innovation requires a portfolio of internal and external knowledge assets as theorized by David Teece and his colleagues.

Cette recherche porte sur le financement public de l’enseignement supérieur au Pérou et ses impacts dans une perspective longitudinale couvant la période 1993-2003. Cette période est importante parce qu’elle a été témoin, dans ce pays, de changements majeurs aux plans du financement public et de la configuration du système d’enseignement supérieur. La recherche consiste principalement dans des analyses secondaires de données pertinentes publiées par des organismes nationaux et internationaux. Les analyses sont structurées à partir d’un schéma d’inputs et outputs. On considère comme inputs les ressources financières et les ressources humaines, lesquelles comprennent les professeurs et les étudiants, et comme outputs les taux de diplomation (efficacité interne) et la demande de diplômés par le marché du travail (efficacité externe). La théorie de la dépendance de ressources sert de cadre pour interpréter les rapports entre le financement public et ses incidences sur les réponses institutionnels et ses conséquences. Dans la période retenue, le financement du secteur public a décru de 32% en raison d’un désengagement progressif de l’État. Une conséquence majeure de la diminution du financement public a été la croissance rapide du secteur privé de l’enseignement supérieur. En effet, alors qu’en 1993 il y avait 24 institutions privées d’enseignement supérieur, il y en avait, en 2003, 46 institutions. La baisse du financement public et la croissance du secteur privé d’enseignement supérieur ont eu des incidences sur la sélectivité des étudiants, sur le statut des professeurs, sur l’implication des universités en recherche et sur les taux de diplomation. Le taux de sélectivité dans le secteur public a augmenté entre 1993 et 2003, alors que ce taux a diminué, dans la même période, dans le secteur privé. Ainsi, le secteur public répond à la diminution du financement en restreignant l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur. Le secteur privé, par contre, diminue sa sélectivité compensant ainsi l’augmentation de la sélectivité dans le secteur public et, par le fait même, augmente sa part de marché. Également, tant dans le secteur public que dans le secteur privé, les professeurs sont engagés principalement sur une base temporaire, ce qui se traduit, particulièrement dans le secteur privé, dans un moindre engagement institutionnel. Enfin, les universités publiques et privées du Pérou font peu de recherche, car elles favorisent, pour balancer leurs budgets, la consultation et les contrats au détriment de la recherche fondamentale. Paradoxalement, alors que, dans le secteur privé, les taux de sélectivité des étudiants diminuent, leurs taux de diplomation augmentent plus que dans le secteur public. Enfin, les formations avec plus d’étudiants inscrits, tant dans le secteur public que privé, sont les moins coûteuses en infrastructure et équipements. Dès lors, la pertinence de la production universitaire devient problématique. Cette recherche révèle que les organisations universitaires, face à un environnement où les ressources financières deviennent de plus en plus rares, développent des stratégies de survie qui peuvent avoir des incidences sur la qualité et la pertinence de l’enseignement supérieur. / This research deals with public financing of higher education in Peru and its impacts in a longitudinal perspective. It covers a ten-year period from 1993 to 2003. This period is important since this country witnessed major changes in public financing of higher education and in the configuration of its higher education system. The research is based mainly in secondary analyses of relevant data published by national as well as international agencies. Analyses are conducted within an input-output scheme. Financial and human resources (professors and students) are considered inputs, and graduation rates (internal effectiveness) and market labour demands as outputs (external effectiveness). Dependency theory is used as framework for the interpretation of the relationships between public financing and institutional responses and its consequences. In the period considered, public financing diminished by 32% resulting from a progressive disengagement of the State. A major consequence of this disengagement was the rapid growth of the private sector of higher education. While in 1993 there were 24 private institutions of higher education, ten years later there were 46 institutions. The decline in public financing and the growth of the private sector of higher education had measurable consequences on selectivity rates, professorial status, research involvement, and graduation rates. Selectivity rates in the period considered increased in public institutions but decreased in the private ones. Thus the public sector reacted to the decline in financing by becoming more selective; the private sector responded to the increase in selectivity in the public sector by decreasing its rates which translates into a higher student market share. Also, in both sectors, professors are hired on a part-time basis which impacts on participation to academic life and on research production. Moreover, universities, both public and private, favoured applied contractual research as a means of gaining alternative funding to compensate for scarce financial resources. Paradoxically, whereas in the private sector selectivity rates diminished in the decade considered, graduation rates increased and so more than in the public sector. Finally, training programs with higher enrolments in both public and private sectors are those which require less investment in infrastructure and equipments without consideration of societal relevancy. This research reveals that higher education organisations which face an environment with diminishing financial resources devise survival strategies which might have a negative impact on the quality and relevance of higher education.

Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-16T17:51:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVSMO.pdf: 2202608 bytes, checksum: 3f3994f6bb7475fe8efe901977cf4775 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (producaointelectual.bco@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-31T12:13:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVSMO.pdf: 2202608 bytes, checksum: 3f3994f6bb7475fe8efe901977cf4775 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (producaointelectual.bco@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-31T12:13:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVSMO.pdf: 2202608 bytes, checksum: 3f3994f6bb7475fe8efe901977cf4775 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T12:18:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVSMO.pdf: 2202608 bytes, checksum: 3f3994f6bb7475fe8efe901977cf4775 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-20 / Não recebi financiamento / In face of the changes in the financing parameters of the Open University of Brazil System (UAB) over the course of ten years of its implementation, we established a diagnosis along with the UAB System in the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) – which is composed of five undergraduate courses, two specialization courses and improvement courses in the Distance Education modality – comparing the percentage of resources for the financing of UAB-UFSCar and the percentages of resources destined to the UAB System and the total resource for the same period, destined to the Ministry of Education (MEC) for Higher Education. The objective is to indicate to what extent, in the last 10 years, the resources destined to UAB-UFSCar are proportional to the resources received to finance the UAB and the MEC, making it possible to minimize gaps and to promote a greater vision for the use and planning of the resources destined to Distant Education. For this purpose, data collection was done from information available on government websites and official documents. Subsequently statistical tests were applied to compare the volume and progress of values of the institutions. A change in the volume of resources allocated to UAB-UFSCar in relation to the UAB System and to MEC was noted in the analyzed period, a downward trend was identified over the last two years and the same drop was presented in the amount of MEC's investment resources for the UAB System since the year 2012. / Frente às mudanças nos parâmetros de financiamento do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) no decorrer dos dez anos de sua implantação, estabeleceu-se um diagnóstico junto ao Sistema UAB na Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), a qual possui cinco cursos de graduação, dois cursos de especialização e cursos de aperfeiçoamento na modalidade a Distância, comparando o percentual de recursos para o financiamento da UAB-UFSCar e os percentuais destinados ao Sistema UAB e o montante total para o mesmo período, destinado ao Ministério da Educação (MEC) para o Ensino Superior. O objetivo é sinalizar em que medida, nos últimos 10 anos, os valores destinados à UAB-UFSCar são proporcionais aos recebidos para financiamento da UAB e do MEC, possibilitando minimizar lacunas e promover uma maior visão para utilização e planejamento do montante destinados à EaD. Para tanto, foi realizada coleta de dados a partir de informações disponíveis em sites governamentais e documentos oficiais. Posteriormente, foram aplicados testes estatísticos para comparar o volume e evolução de valores das instituições. Verificou-se alteração do volume de valores destinados à UAB-UFSCar em relação ao Sistema UAB e ao MEC no período analisado, sendo identificada tendência de queda ao longo dos últimos dois anos. A mesma queda foi apresentada no montante de recursos de investimento do MEC para o Sistema UAB desde o ano de 2012.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta dissertaÃÃo consigna uma avaliaÃÃo do programa do MinistÃrio do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE), que se insere no Ãmbito da polÃtica pÃblica do trabalho direcionada para a geraÃÃo de trabalho e renda nas Ãreas urbanas, em curso no paÃs nos Ãltimos quinze anos. Esse programa tem como principal objetivo reduzir os efeitos do aumento do desemprego e do trabalho precÃrio, decorrente dos processos de mundializaÃÃo do capital e da reestruturaÃÃo produtiva. Tomando-se como eixo as teorizaÃÃes de Robert Castell e de analistas do mundo do trabalho no cenÃrio brasileiro, foi possÃvel traÃar as bases analÃticas sobre a os impactos das transformaÃÃes no Ãmbito do trabalho, enfocando mudanÃas e seus reflexos sobre a paisagem metropolitana no Brasil na dÃcada de 1990 e inÃcio dos anos 2000. Outro eixo de estudos incidiu nas produÃÃes acerca da avaliaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas. Na articulaÃÃo entre esses dois eixos, foram construÃdas as bases teÃricas que possibilitaram a construÃÃo de um objeto de estudo, centrado na discussÃo das possibilidades de inserÃÃo no mercado de trabalho via polÃticas pÃblicas para geraÃÃo de emprego e renda, tomando-se como fenÃmeno de investigaÃÃo o PROGER Urbano, operacionalizado pelo Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S/A, no municÃpio de Fortaleza, no perÃodo 1995-2002. Na anÃlise desse objeto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa avaliativa de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, trabalhando dados secundÃrios, a partir de documentos do PROGER Urbano, e dados primÃrios levantados mediante aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios e realizaÃÃo de entrevistas. O estudo avaliativo do PROGER Urbano, consubstanciado nesta dissertaÃÃo, mostrou a sua relevÃncia no universo de um segmento de trabalhadores que encontrou na informalidade a alternativa de trabalho. A grande maioria dos participantes do referido programa reconhece a sua importÃncia como apoio ao seu pequeno negÃcio. Assim, uma parte significativa dos negÃcios apoiados pelo PROGER Urbano conseguiu sustentabilidade ao longo do tempo. Entretanto, o estudo revelou tambÃm limites no alcance do programa, por falhas no monitoramento dos crÃditos e dos negÃcios. Outro elemento de restriÃÃo foi a falta de integraÃÃo com outras polÃticas pÃblicas, sobretudo na Ãrea de qualificaÃÃo. Como resultado do estudo, configuram-se sugestÃes no Ãmbito do monitoramento e ampliaÃÃo do foco do programa, assim como apresenta-se uma proposta de metodologia de avaliaÃÃo para programas de crÃdito voltados para o setor informal. / This dissertation works consists in an avaluation of the work public policy, implanted in Brazil in the decade of 1990. Such policy had the objective of reduce the unemployment raise and precarious work effects, caused by the worldwide funds globalization and the productive restructuration processes. From an analisis of Castell contributions and national scientific production, it was possible to fix the analytic basis about the work centralization and its transformations, relating them with other productions about public policy avaluations. Such studies made the clees identification and questions formulations possible about the research problem, that consisted in enquirements about how far the work public policy was enough to supply the demands of the work market. Next to this bibliographic study, it was elaborated an exploratory and descriptive research whose datas was coleted from primary and secondary sources, having the PROGER Urbano as if a phenomenon of study, executed by Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S/A, in the city of Fortaleza, on the period between 1995-2002. It is suggested that the work public policy, developed by the PROGER Urbano, achieved, in part, the objectives for whom it was made, once the precarious conditions of the informal occupations remained, the financed business had low support rate and execution errors compromised the program results. As a contribution to the public policies avaluation theme, it concludes the study proposing an avaluation methodology to credit programs to informal sector.

A presente dissertação busca entender as razões do insucesso dos pequenos partidos políticos em Cabo Verde e o seu fraco desempenho eleitoral ao longo da história política cabo verdiana. O modelo do financiamento público tem sido apontado como a causa principal deste resultado. Questionamos essa explicação, buscando mostrar que a razão que está por trás do insucesso dos pequenos partidos não se deve unicamente à dificuldade de acesso ao financiamento público, mas também a outras variáveis, nem todas elas institucionais. Através da análise dos dados do Afrobarómetro é possível inferir que os pequenos partidos não têm apoio da população. As pessoas não transferem as suas preferências numa terceira força partidária, favorecendo assim os dois grandes partidos, fomentando ainda mais o bipartidarismo. / This work seeks to understand the reasons for the failure of small political parties in Cape Verde and its weak electoral performance throughout the political history Cape Verdean . Public funding model has been suggested as the main cause of this result. We question this explanation, seeking to show that the reason behind the failure of small parties is not due solely to the difficulty of access to public funding, but also to other variables, not all of them institutional. By analyzing the Afrobarometer data we can infer that the small parties have no popular support. People do not transfer their preferences in a third party force, favoring the two major parties, encouraging even more bipartisanship.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The Ideology of Stadium Construction seeks to define the application of community power in the process of building sports stadiums. Using data culled from a literature review, this project examines the recent construction of sports venues and the political, economic, and social ideas driving their proliferation. A three dimensional approach to applied power provides a theoretical tool to illustrate and analyze the blueprint of stadium construction. Taking a more broad view of the culture of business in the United States suggests the public funding of stadium construction arching towards Antonio Gramsci’s sense of hegemony. Beyond attempting to merely define the political process driving stadium construction as a significant social problem, this project introduces potential alternatives to the organizational method currently in place.