Each year approximately 2,000 new detailed development plans are accepted in Sweden. When an area is covered by a new detailed development plan, it is often necessary that land has to be acquired to adjust the property units to the new plan. The owner conditions of the property units can usually be adjusted through negotiations between the seller and the buyer. But in some situations, when no agreements can be reached, it is possible to use coercive measures to purchase the land. Compulsory purchases are only permitted when certain legal criteria’s are met. The legal ability of compulsory purchases also affects voluntary negotiations since they function as "game rules". The compensations that are given in compulsory purchases then functions as a sort of minimum level of the compensations given in voluntary negotiations. The purpose of this thesis is to study the compensation that should be given in different situations when land is being compulsory purchased. Furthermore, the purpose is also to study the motives behind the legislation regarding compulsory purchases. In order to find an answer to the purpose of this thesis, a study has been made with a representative property unit. In the study, land was taken with coercive measures in four different situations from the property unit when a new detailed development plan covered the property unit. The four different situations were chosen to illustrate the differences between the given compensations. In the four different situations two different legal systems were applied. First, the existing legal system in Sweden was applied and then an alternative system based on principles that earlier could be found in the, now no longer existing, Act regarding development cooperation units (SFS 1987:11, lag om exploateringssamverkan) was applied. The result of the study shows that the compensation given depends upon the allowed land use in the new detailed development plan and upon which legal system that is applied. In the current Swedish legal system, the allowed land use for the specific property unit in the detailed development plan had the largest impact on the compensation given. In the alternative system, the total allowed land use in the detailed development plan was of importance for the given compensation together with what the property owner had contributed to the development area. / Varje år antas cirka 2000 detaljplaner i Sverige. När ett område detaljplaneläggs behöver mark vanligtvis förvärvas för att anpassa fastigheterna till de nya förhållandena. Ägarförhållandena kan vanligtvis anpassas via förhandlingar mellan köpare och säljare. Men i vissa situationer, om ingen överenskommelse kan nås, är det tillåtet att använda tvångsregler för att förvärva marken. Tvångsreglerna får bara användas när kriterier uppställda i lagen är uppfyllda. Även vid frivilliga förhandlingar fyller tvångsreglerna en funktion eftersom de då fungerar som spelregler. Lagstiftningens ersättningsbestämmelser utgör en slags miniminivå för ersättningens storlek. Syftet med denna uppsats är dels att studera vilken ersättning som betalas i olika situationer när mark tvångsförvärvas inom detaljplanelagt område och dels att studera de motiv som ligger till grund för lagstiftningens utformning. För att besvara syftet har en typfallsstudie genomförts där mark frångick en typfastighet för fyra olika markåtkomstsituationer när en ny detaljplan blev gällande över området. Situationerna valdes för att tydliggöra att ersättningen som utgår vid olika markåtkomstsituationer kan variera. I studien tillämpades både dagens ersättningssystem samt ett konstruerat ersättningssystem som baserades på den upphävda lagen om exploateringssamverkan (ESL). Framkomna resultat visar att ersättningen kan variera dels beroende av vad marken ska användas till och dels beroende av vilket ersättningssystem som tillämpas. I det nu gällande ersättningssystemet är den största påverkan på ersättningen vad marken får användas till enligt detaljplanen. I det alternativa ersättningssystemet är det detaljplanens totala utformning som styr ersättningsbeloppet tillsammans med vad respektive fastighetsägare bidragit med till planområdet.

Yes / Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of insider trading on subsequent stock returns in the UK, with a specific focus on the impact of the global financial crisis of 2007-2008 on the relation between CEO and CFO stock purchases and returns. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical analysis uses 10,230 purchases executed in 679 UK firms by 1,477 directors during the period from 2000 to 2010. Subsequent market-adjusted stock returns are regressed on a set of firm-specific accounting, market and corporate governance variables as well as the characteristics of CEOs and CFOs. Additionally, the analysis distinguishes between the opportunistic and routine trades. Findings – The findings reveal that the position of the trading director and the nature of their trades are important in determining the impact on returns of insider trades. In particular, CEO purchases are on the whole more informative than CFO purchases and opportunistic purchases. The trades in the post-crisis period have a greater impact on subsequent stock returns. Research limitations/implications – The empirical analysis is limited to the trades made by two executives. Future research should consider inside trades by all directors and distinguish between executive and non-executive directors. Also, a behavioral measure should be developed to test if the financial crisis affected the trading behavior of directors and whether directors use insider trading strategically to signal information to the market. Practical implications – The impact of directors’ dealings on stock returns is not homogeneous. Financial analysts and investors should pay more attention to different types of trades and the identity of trading director. Originality/value – This paper, to the authors’ knowledge, provides the first attempt that combines in the same framework the identity and personal attributes of trading executive directors, firm-level corporate governance features, the nature of purchase transactions and the trading period characteristics. Furthermore the empirical analysis is carried out during a period that also covers the recent global financial crisis period and its immediate aftermath.

In today's dynamic marketplace, understanding consumer behavior has become increasingly complex, especially regarding high-involvement purchases. Nevertheless, it is just as important for both theorists and practitioners to understand. It is known that word-of-mouth (WOM) is one of the most influential factors in consumer behavior during the consumer decision journey (CDJ). Despite this, there is currently a lack of understanding regarding how consumers use WOM during the CDJ and whether different types of WOM are used in different ways. Researchers have asked for more research in the field for over a decade. The research gaps in the literature and the demand for an increased understanding within the literature laid the foundation for this study and the research question: How and why do consumers make use of different types of word-of-mouth during the consumer decision journey within high-involvement purchases? In addition to the research question, the study also aims to expand the understanding of why consumers use WOM during the CDJ. To further investigate the research question and purpose, we performed a qualitative study where we conducted semi-structured interviews with six consumers. The collected data was analyzed through an inductive content analysis which resulted in a data structure consisting of 18 first order concepts, seven second order themes, and four aggregate dimensions. The study's data structure formed the basis for the inductive bottom-up theorizing, which culminated in a theoretical model where consumer's use of WOM is integrated into the CDJ. The model visualizes how it can be assumed a typical consumer uses different types of WOM throughout the different phases of the CDJ, as well as the consumer's motives behind their use of WOM. The empirical findings emphasize that consumers seek different attributes in the type of WOM during various phases of the CDJ, whereupon they use different types of WOM based on various motives. We managed to identify six different motives for consumers' use of WOM, and these motives relate to the different phases in the CDJ. These findings, among others, are included in the model. The study's theoretical model contains several new unique findings that extend today's existing understanding of consumers' use of WOM which has resulted in theoretical, practical and societal contributions. The study contributes to closing the research gaps and enabling further research in the field of literature.

Green purchases are part of a strategy for the application of a sustainable country development, considered as ‘a development that satisfies the people’s current necessities without affecting the ability of future generations to satisfy their own’. (Brundtland Report 1987). In the same way, it is part of a strategy to fight the effects of the weather changes or greenhouse that affect our planet and as a consequence the humanity.The green or ecological purchases are simple practices in the developing countries, in most cases in the European countries, but they are not known in Latin American countries. Just Costa Rica is supporting this practice with public institutions, for that reason they will get considerable benefits in its process.The Peruvian government is conformed by more than two thousand public entities, they are formed as national and regional government entities, town halls, decentralized offices, entities in the scope of FONAFE, business treatment and charitable work. These entities programmed purchases in the year 2008 approximately 58.234 million soles. However, just a few of the purchases had an ecological purpose.The following article has the objective to show the benefits of the green or ecological purchases, and the experience in developed countries to decide its application in Peru. In this way, this study pretends to join a number of experiences of countries in their green purchases and so it is divided in four parts. The first part referrs to the framework of the green purchases and it refers to the different concepts that explain those factors that push the United States to apply this strategy. The second part is about the international experience with the best practices. The third part shows the possibility of the green purchases in the country, and in the fourth part conclusions are presented. / Las compras verdes se convierten en parte de una estrategia para la aplicación del desarrollo sostenible en un país, entendido este como el «desarrollo que satisface a las necesidades actuales de las personas sin comprometer la capacidad de las futuras generaciones para satisfacer las suyas» (Informe Brundtland, 1987). Así, también, es parte de una estrategia que trata de contribuir a combatir los efectos del cambio climático e invernadero que ponen en peligro la existencia de nuestro planeta y, por lo tanto, también de la humanidad.Las compras verdes o ecológicas son prácticas comunes en los países desarrollados, sobre todo europeos; sin embargo, son muy poco conocidas en los países de América Latina. Solo Costa Rica está promocionando esta práctica en sus instituciones públicas y ha obtenido considerables beneficios en su implementación.El Estado peruano está compuesto por más de 2 mil entidades públicas contratantes, las cuales están agrupadas en entidades de gobierno nacional y regional, municipalidades, instancias descentralizadas, entidades bajo el ámbito del FONAFE (Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento de la Actividad Empresarial del Estado), de tratamiento empresarial y sociedades de beneficencia. Estas entidades programaron compras en el año 2008 por la cantidad de 58.234 millones de nuevos soles. Sin embargo, muy pocas de dichas compras tuvieron un criterio ecológico en su proceso de selección.El presente artículo tiene por objetivo mostrar las bondades de las compras verdes o ecológicas y la experiencia en países desarrollados, y plantear su aplicación en nuestro país. Así, este trabajo trata de recopilar una serie de experiencias de países en sus compras verdes y se divide en cuatro partes. La primera parte se refiere al marco conceptual de las compras verdes y abarca, principalmente, los diversos conceptos que explican los factores que impulsan a los Estados a implementar dicha estrategia. La segunda parte presenta la experiencia internacional en la que se describen las mejores prácticas. La tercera parte analiza la posibilidad de la aplicación de las compras verdes en el país y, en la cuarta parte, se presentan las conclusiones del artículo

[pt] A crescente competitividade tem induzido muitas organizações a reestruturar seus processos, tornando-os mais dinâmicos e enxutos, exigindo maior flexibilidade, melhor qualidade e menor custo. Com isso, os temas sustentabilidade e compras têm apresentado crescente interesse acadêmico nos últimos anos. Em relação à sustentabilidade, sua importância se deve principalmente à atenção despertada face às mudanças climáticas causadas pela ação do Homem no meio ambiente. Devido a isso, as empresas passam a se preocupar não apenas com os ganhos, mas também com os fatores ambientais, econômicos e sociais. Em relação a Compras, esta atividade assumiu importante posição estratégica nos últimos anos dentro das empresas principalmente quando se percebeu quanto que o gasto com compras representa no valor do produto final. Aliado a estas questões, percebe-se na literatura poucos estudos referentes ao conceito de sustentabilidade dentro de compras. Este conceito é importante, já que, quanto mais sustentável a empresa for em seus processos, maior sua vantagem competitiva e chance de sobrevivência no mercado. Esta dissertação consiste na identificação dos fatores de sustentabilidade que são tangíveis e necessários ao processo de compras para que ele seja considerado sustentável. A principal contribuição deste estudo é a aplicação e a avaliação de um modelo de portfólio de compras voltado para sustentabilidade. A pergunta central que se objetiva responder é como os elementos da sustentabilidade devem ser aplicados para a obtenção de uma Compra Sustentável? e é complementada através de estudo de caso para diagnóstico de uma categoria de compras, alocada no quadrante alavancagem da matriz de Kraljic, de uma empresa do setor de mineração. O ponto de partida é a identificação dos fatores que caracterizam um processo de contratação como sustentável. Para isso, uma extensa revisão bibliográfica foi realizada. Após a aplicação do modelo, conclui-se que a categoria analisada é classificada como Commodity Estratégica no modelo de Pagell et al. e, como principal característica pode-se citar o risco de fornecimento que o comprador leva de baixo para alto, devido a necessidade de se investir no relacionamento com os fornecedores para mitigar riscos ao Tripple Bottom Line. / [en] The growing global competitiveness has led many organizations to restructure their processes, making them more lean and dynamic, requiring greater flexibility, better quality and lower cost. With that, the sustainability themes and purchases have shown increasing academic interest in recent years. With regard to sustainability, its importance is mainly due to attention aroused face climate change caused by predation of Man on the environment. Because of this, companies are worrying not only with gains, but also with the environmental, economic and social factors. In respect of Purchases, this activity has assumed important strategic position within companies in recent years, especially when the companies noted how much that is spending with purchases and what is the percentage that represents this value in the final product. Allied to these issues, there are very few studies in the literature related to the concept of sustainability within the purchasing process. This concept is important, since the more sustainable the company is in its processes, the greater your competitive advantage.This dissertation presents the identification of sustainability factors which are tangible and required for the purchasing process for it to be considered sustainable. The main contribution of this study is the implementation and evaluation of a model portfolio of purchases aimed at sustainability. The central question that aims to answer is How do the sustainability factors must be applied to obtaining a sustainable Purchase ? and is supplemented using a case study for diagnosis of a shopping category of a company in the mining sector, allocated on the Kraljic matrix leverage quadrant. The starting point is the identification of the factors that characterize a contracting process as sustainable. For this, an extensive literature review was conducted. After applying the template, it appears that the category analyzed is classified as a Strategic Commodity in Pagell model et al. and as main feature can cite the delivery risk the buyer takes from low to high due to the need to invest in the relationship with suppliers to mitigate risks to the Triple Bottom Line.

[pt] Ao final do século XX, a área de Compras era avaliada como necessária e não era valorizada como um componente de valor dentro das organizações. O cenário enfrentado pelas empresas durante o início do século XXI ilustra a inversão desse papel, que hoje absorve funções vitais para as organizações modernas, como a gestão de fornecedores integrados às complexas cadeias de suprimentos e a administração de interfaces dentro e fora das organizações. Muitos trabalhos recentes identificam uma área de Compras que caminha em uma direção mais estratégica; ao mesmo tempo, alguns apontam um hiato no desenvolvimento de competências e de profissionalismo para a área. Percebe-se, na literatura de Compras, um alto interesse no desenvolvimento de suporte gerencial sobre temas associados a como Compras pode cumprir um papel menos reativo e mais estratégico nas organizações. No entanto, uma busca por trabalhos dedicados ao entendimento das capabilidades essenciais da área - conjuntos de políticas internas, processos, ferramentas, conhecimentos e recursos com valor para a empresa – traz como resultado uma literatura proporcionalmente pequena. Esta dissertação propõe um modelo que identifica as principais capabilidades de Compras e como elas auxiliam na gestão das várias interfaces que a área possui. Sua principal contribuição é a definição de um modelo contendo as capabilidades essenciais para a gestão da função de Compras e a sua proposta de uso, permitindo a análise sistêmica da área em diferentes firmas. A pergunta central que se objetiva responder é: Quais são as capabilidades essenciais para a adequada operação de uma área de Compras? A resposta é complementada através de estudo de caso para diagnóstico de uma empresa multinacional do setor de mineração. O ponto de partida para a elaboração do modelo é a identificação das interfaces da área e o entendimento das práticas existentes em seus relacionamentos. Para isso, o modelo é definido a partir de uma revisão da literatura de Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos, com foco em Compras. Cobrindo os questionamentos citados, este trabalho é concluído com a aplicação do modelo desenvolvido, diagnosticando a presença de todas as capabilidades extraídas da literatura atual em diferentes níveis. Por fim, o trabalho sustenta que o equilíbrio entre capabilidades com foco externo e interno deve ser perseguido, visto que são comumente desenvolvidas de forma interdependente. / [en] Until the end of the 20th century, Procurement was a necessary but seldom celebrated component of organizations. It was a necessary supporter of organizations and little value was endorsed to its processes or its strategic role. The scenario faced by companies in the early decades of the 21st century illustrates an extensive upturn on that role, which today absorbs pivotal functions to modern corporations, such as the supervision of stretched lists of contractors merged into one complex supply chain and the administration of internal and external interfaces. While an increasing number of studies perceive the closing gap between Procurement and its strategic role, some point out to the lack of capabilities and proficiency development in the area. The Procurement literature holds a high interest regarding managerial support over subjects related to the ways Procurement can play a more pivotal and less reactive role. However, an inquiry for studies dedicated to the understanding of Procurement key capabilities – specific sets of policies, processes, systems, tools, knowledge and resources whose worth is apparent for the corporation – provides a rather small literature. The goal of this dissertation is to present a framework that explores which are Procurement s corecapabilities and how they can support the correct management of the many interfaces relevant to the area. Its main contribution is the construction of a model covering the key capabilities for the Procurement role and its application arrangement, allowing a systemic analysis of Procurement departments in different organizations. The main inquiry in this study is: What are the key capabilities for the adequate operation of the Procurement function? The answer is presented alongside with a case study shaped to diagnose a multinational mining company. The initial point for this research is the broad visualization of the varied interfaces that dwell within the Procurement routine and the understanding of its core processes. With that in mind, the model is designed after an assessment of the main Supply Chain Management literature, with a leading focus on Procurement. After resolving the main inquiry, this dissertation is concluded with the application of the designed model, detecting the existence of the capabilities at different levels of practice. Finally, this study sustains that companies should balance internal-focused and external-focused capabilities, which are often developed independently.

Background: Internet and smartphones enable people to purchase online independent of time and place, and this have resulted in that impulsive purchases on the internet have increased. Different generations have been described to be more or less susceptible to impulse buying. Generation Y, the first generation that grew up with technology, have generally been described as impulsive, while Generation X, who were introduced to technology later in life, have been described as more rational. Further, consumers’ impulsive buying behavior has shown to be crucial and common, especially within the fashion industry. Purpose: The purpose was to investigate how Gen Y purchase apparel impulsively online compared to the older Gen X. Also, which one of them that make most apparel purchases online, and which one of them who do most web browsing of apparel. Further, the authors wanted to investigate how four different factors affect the generations’ impulsive buying behavior in the case of apparel online. These were based on an adjustment of the Revised CIFE-model. Method:  This research was conducted through a quantitative method, and seven hypotheses were formulated based on the theory. An online survey was constructed and shared through social media, and the final sample consisted of 709 respondents from both Gen X and Gen Y. These responses were analyzed through SPSS, and the hypotheses were tested by combining questions. Conclusion: The results showed that Gen Y are browsing more apparel online than Gen X, and also that they more often purchase apparel impulsively online. However, Gen X buy more apparel online in general. The findings further showed that Gen Y are more affected than Gen X by external trigger cues, normative evaluation, and internal factors when it comes to impulsive e-purchases of apparel. There was no difference between the generations’ impulse buying tendency. Findings from the open-ended questions showed that Gen X often are affected by advertising, while Gen Y are more affected by influencers. Sales and special offers influenced both generations.

A eficiência energética é um objetivo cuja busca, conforme os meios escolhidos, pode trazer muitos benefícios à economia, ao desenvolvimento técnico-científico, ao meio-ambiente e à sociedade em geral. A partir destas considerações, o autor buscou focar o presente trabalho em um instrumento ou mecanismo de busca da eficiência energética que se configurasse como de bom potencial de impactos positivos em termos de resultados individuais do próprio instrumento/mecanismo e de complementação do cenário nacional de busca da eficiência energética, por ser o mecanismo ou instrumento estudado ainda pouco explorado. Para esta seleção, o autor aproveitou uma catalogação anterior de instrumentos em uso em importantes economias nacionais ao redor do mundo. Analisando-se este material foram identificados, dentre os instrumentos estudados no exterior, quatro tipologias mais promissoras, dentre as quais o autor escolheu analisar a viabilidade de adoção e prática no Brasil das Licitações Tecnológicas Catalíticas (LTCs). Estas consistem em licitar junto a fabricantes e desenvolvedores de produtos, processos ou serviços qual oferece o projeto de menor preço e melhor desempenho técnico para desenvolvimento e prototipagem de uma dada tecnologia de eficiência energética, sendo as especificações técnicas de desempenho mínimo elaboradas por redes de envolvidos/interessados de composição variável, incluindo organizações de consumidores, agentes reguladores e organizações de normas técnicas, entre outros agentes, devendo a rede correspondente comprar um lote inicial mínimo capaz de garantir a inserção segura do novo produto ou serviço no mercado. Esta análise de viabilidade se deu a partir do estudo do marco jurídico nacional relacionado (Lei 8.666 de 21 de junho de 1993 e Decreto n° 5.563 de 11 de outubro de 2005), e concluiu pela viabilidade da adoção e prática deste tipo de instrumentos, através de um processo indireto em duas fases. Este processo indireto é descrito nesta Tese sob a denominação de rota Concurso e Convite, e sua viabilidade depende da flexibilização de dois pontos-chave da Lei 8.666, com a abertura de exceções específicas para estes dois pontos, que são: a compulsoriedade da transferência à Administração Pública dos direitos de propriedade intelectual sobre tecnologias desenvolvidas em atendimento a licitações e o teto de preço imposto à execução de licitações do tipo convite. As LTCs são fortes indutoras de desenvolvimento econômico (desenvolvimento do parque tecnológico nacional e aumento da competitividade da indústria) e técnico-científico, sendo que as LTCs voltadas ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias de eficiência energética apresentam o benefício adicional de contribuir para com a proteção ao meio ambiente. Uma vez promulgados e/ou emendados os dispositivos legais necessários para dar provimento às flexibilizações à Lei 8.666 mencionadas supra, a adoção e prática em território nacional de LTCs para desenvolvimento de tecnologias de eficiência energética poderão contribuir de forma significativamente positiva para a proteção ao nosso meio ambiente, o nosso desenvolvimento técnico-científico e o aumento da competitividade da indústria e da economia nacionais. O estudo legislativo e as conclusões ora apresentados são de caráter geral, e a elaboração de um ou mais instrumentos legais e peças de legislação completos para a implementação de LTCs específicas para cada tecnologia ou família de tecnologias promissora(s) ou de suas linhas gerais se apresenta como uma linha de estudos promissora na área do Direito. / The search for energy efficiency is a process potentially entailing a series of economic, social, techno scientific and environmental benefits. On this rationale, the author intended to focus the present work in an energy efficiency fostering instrument/mechanism with substantial potential to bring about positive impacts per se and in terms of complementing the national scenario for its novelty. To proceed with said selection, the author resorted to a previous cataloguing of energy efficiency instruments in important economies around the globe. A thorough analysis of said material discriminated, among those found in use abroad, four promising typologies, among which the author chose to analyze how feasible would be to deploy in the Brazilian scenario the Catalytic Technological Procurement (CTP). As its name suggests, a CTP is a bidding process through which manufacturers and other technology developers compete against each other to provide the cheapest and most energy efficient product, process or service, abiding to minimum technical performance standards provided by a stakeholder network that may comprise consumer organizations, regulatory agencies and technical standard formulating and enforcing agencies, among others. Said network is to purchase this new technology in bulk, so as to provide the winner a safe initial foothold on the market. This feasibility analysis, comprising a study on the correlate legal framework (Law 8666 June 21st, 1993 and Decree 5563 October 11th, 2005), concluded for the feasibility of deploying CTPs in Brazil by means of a two-step indirect route, heretofore called Contest and Invitation. The feasibility of the aforementioned process depends on proper amendments to two key features of Law 8666, by means of enacting new legislation and or amending current legislation. Those key points are the currently compulsory transference of intellectual property rights relative to technologies developed on the course of public bidding processes to the Public Administration and the price caps on invitation type bidding processes. CTPs are powerful tools to foster economic (fostering development of the national industrial park and enhancing the national industrial competitivity) and techno-scientific development. Moreover, energy efficiency CTPs greatly contribute to protecting the environment. As soon as laws are enacted and/or amended as required in order to amend aforesaid features of Law 8666, deployment in the Brazilian scenario of energy efficiency CTPs may greatly contribute to enhance and foster protection of our environment, the national techno-scientific development and improved competitivity of the national industry and economy. Hereby presented studies on law and corresponding conclusions are general in character, and elaboration of one or more legal instruments or laws implementing technology-specific CTPs for promising technologies or technology families, or general lines for said laws and instruments, is a promising field of study for Law post-graduate students and researchers.

A eficiência energética é um objetivo cuja busca, conforme os meios escolhidos, pode trazer muitos benefícios à economia, ao desenvolvimento técnico-científico, ao meio-ambiente e à sociedade em geral. A partir destas considerações, o autor buscou focar o presente trabalho em um instrumento ou mecanismo de busca da eficiência energética que se configurasse como de bom potencial de impactos positivos em termos de resultados individuais do próprio instrumento/mecanismo e de complementação do cenário nacional de busca da eficiência energética, por ser o mecanismo ou instrumento estudado ainda pouco explorado. Para esta seleção, o autor aproveitou uma catalogação anterior de instrumentos em uso em importantes economias nacionais ao redor do mundo. Analisando-se este material foram identificados, dentre os instrumentos estudados no exterior, quatro tipologias mais promissoras, dentre as quais o autor escolheu analisar a viabilidade de adoção e prática no Brasil das Licitações Tecnológicas Catalíticas (LTCs). Estas consistem em licitar junto a fabricantes e desenvolvedores de produtos, processos ou serviços qual oferece o projeto de menor preço e melhor desempenho técnico para desenvolvimento e prototipagem de uma dada tecnologia de eficiência energética, sendo as especificações técnicas de desempenho mínimo elaboradas por redes de envolvidos/interessados de composição variável, incluindo organizações de consumidores, agentes reguladores e organizações de normas técnicas, entre outros agentes, devendo a rede correspondente comprar um lote inicial mínimo capaz de garantir a inserção segura do novo produto ou serviço no mercado. Esta análise de viabilidade se deu a partir do estudo do marco jurídico nacional relacionado (Lei 8.666 de 21 de junho de 1993 e Decreto n° 5.563 de 11 de outubro de 2005), e concluiu pela viabilidade da adoção e prática deste tipo de instrumentos, através de um processo indireto em duas fases. Este processo indireto é descrito nesta Tese sob a denominação de rota Concurso e Convite, e sua viabilidade depende da flexibilização de dois pontos-chave da Lei 8.666, com a abertura de exceções específicas para estes dois pontos, que são: a compulsoriedade da transferência à Administração Pública dos direitos de propriedade intelectual sobre tecnologias desenvolvidas em atendimento a licitações e o teto de preço imposto à execução de licitações do tipo convite. As LTCs são fortes indutoras de desenvolvimento econômico (desenvolvimento do parque tecnológico nacional e aumento da competitividade da indústria) e técnico-científico, sendo que as LTCs voltadas ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias de eficiência energética apresentam o benefício adicional de contribuir para com a proteção ao meio ambiente. Uma vez promulgados e/ou emendados os dispositivos legais necessários para dar provimento às flexibilizações à Lei 8.666 mencionadas supra, a adoção e prática em território nacional de LTCs para desenvolvimento de tecnologias de eficiência energética poderão contribuir de forma significativamente positiva para a proteção ao nosso meio ambiente, o nosso desenvolvimento técnico-científico e o aumento da competitividade da indústria e da economia nacionais. O estudo legislativo e as conclusões ora apresentados são de caráter geral, e a elaboração de um ou mais instrumentos legais e peças de legislação completos para a implementação de LTCs específicas para cada tecnologia ou família de tecnologias promissora(s) ou de suas linhas gerais se apresenta como uma linha de estudos promissora na área do Direito. / The search for energy efficiency is a process potentially entailing a series of economic, social, techno scientific and environmental benefits. On this rationale, the author intended to focus the present work in an energy efficiency fostering instrument/mechanism with substantial potential to bring about positive impacts per se and in terms of complementing the national scenario for its novelty. To proceed with said selection, the author resorted to a previous cataloguing of energy efficiency instruments in important economies around the globe. A thorough analysis of said material discriminated, among those found in use abroad, four promising typologies, among which the author chose to analyze how feasible would be to deploy in the Brazilian scenario the Catalytic Technological Procurement (CTP). As its name suggests, a CTP is a bidding process through which manufacturers and other technology developers compete against each other to provide the cheapest and most energy efficient product, process or service, abiding to minimum technical performance standards provided by a stakeholder network that may comprise consumer organizations, regulatory agencies and technical standard formulating and enforcing agencies, among others. Said network is to purchase this new technology in bulk, so as to provide the winner a safe initial foothold on the market. This feasibility analysis, comprising a study on the correlate legal framework (Law 8666 June 21st, 1993 and Decree 5563 October 11th, 2005), concluded for the feasibility of deploying CTPs in Brazil by means of a two-step indirect route, heretofore called Contest and Invitation. The feasibility of the aforementioned process depends on proper amendments to two key features of Law 8666, by means of enacting new legislation and or amending current legislation. Those key points are the currently compulsory transference of intellectual property rights relative to technologies developed on the course of public bidding processes to the Public Administration and the price caps on invitation type bidding processes. CTPs are powerful tools to foster economic (fostering development of the national industrial park and enhancing the national industrial competitivity) and techno-scientific development. Moreover, energy efficiency CTPs greatly contribute to protecting the environment. As soon as laws are enacted and/or amended as required in order to amend aforesaid features of Law 8666, deployment in the Brazilian scenario of energy efficiency CTPs may greatly contribute to enhance and foster protection of our environment, the national techno-scientific development and improved competitivity of the national industry and economy. Hereby presented studies on law and corresponding conclusions are general in character, and elaboration of one or more legal instruments or laws implementing technology-specific CTPs for promising technologies or technology families, or general lines for said laws and instruments, is a promising field of study for Law post-graduate students and researchers.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto econômico decorrente dos gastos de compras em três hospitais públicos com gestão por Organização Social de Saúde, do interior do estado de São Paulo: Centro de Referenaa da Saúde e da Mulher de Ribeirão Preto - MATER; Hospital Estadual de Ribeirão Preto - HERP e Hospital Estadual de Américo Brasiliense - HEAB. Um estudo retrospectivo dos processos de compras descentralizados realizados em 2012 e 2013, comparado com o modelo utilizado atualmente de compras em conjunto, de forma centralizada, nos anos de 2014 a 2015 / This research project aims to assess the economic impact of the shopping spending in three hospitals in the state of Sao Paulo, and they health reference center and Ribeirao Preto woman - MATER, state hospital in Ribeirao Preto - HERP and State Hospital Americo Brasiliense - HEAB . A retrospective study of procurement processes conducted in 2012 until the end of 2013, individually compared to the model currently used shopping together, which had its beginning in 2014 to May 2015.