Creator or billboard? An interview study based on influencers’ participation and impact in a clothing company’s campaign. The purpose of this study is to examine six influencers’ experiences of participating in a clothing company's campaign. The aim is to acquire a deeper understanding of what impact the influencers have in the campaign. The method used is qualitative interviews with six of fifteen influencers who participated in a clothing company's campaign in October 2017. The influencers were given the ability to freely interpret what the company’s lifestyle meant for them by creating movies, pictures and text.  The People’s Choice and two-step flow theory are used to mark the influencers’ impact on their networks, where they are working as opinion leaders. The Theory of Practice gives an understanding for how the influencers are positioning themselves with the company and also contributes with the concept of “social capital”. Trust in today's society shows a world which is changing quickly and the importance for companies to create relationships. Impression management helps with an understanding about the creation of oneself, and branding, identity, image and reputation gives an understanding about the creation of the company. The results are that they are given the opportunity to interpret and put their own interpretations on the company’s campaign even though there are implicit power structures who control the campaign. The influencers get to create freely - as long as they make a material that corresponds with the company's impression management, branding, identity, image and reputation.

Background: In recent years, the population has become increasingly sedentary. Studies show that the majority of young people have a sedentary lifestyle and move too little. A sedentary behavior with little PA in everyday life has contributed to a worse health and well-being. Aim: The purpose of the study is to investigate sedentary and opportunities for increased physical activity based on secondary school student’s perspectives. Method: The study uses a qualitative method with semi structured interviews as a method of data collection. The participants in the study consist of a total of six adolescents in secondary school, of which one girl and remaining boys. Two municipal upper secondary schools were chosen in a medium-sized city in Sweden. The analysis consists of a qualitative content analysis. Results: The results of the study show that secondary school student’s have a sedentary everyday life where environmental impact determines the amount of sedentary. To be motivated for more physical activity and reduced sedimentary sessions, an internal driving force, ability to move, and is considered to be fun. Conclusion: The environment has an impact on motivating upper secondary school students to reduce sedentary and increased physical activity. Motivation for more physical activity comes from the desire to improve their health, that physically stressful leisure is considered to be enjoyable or through an external influence.

Syfte och frågeställningar  Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka upplevelser hos vårdnadshavare som har barn i åldrarna 2-17 år med övervikt eller fetma som i övrigt är friska. Frågeställningarna var följande: 1) Vilka strategier har vårdnadshavarna för att jobba med sitt/sina barns vikt? 2) Hur upplever vårdnadshavarna sitt/sina barns psykiska mående kopplat till dess vikt? 3) På vilka sätt kan politiker och barnhälsovården/skolhälsovården hjälpa familjer att främja hälsa? 4) Hur upplever vårdnadshavarna att familj och vänner ser på barnets/barnens vikt? Metod  Studien genomfördes i form av kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer. En intervjuguide arbetades fram och fyra pilotintervjuer genomfördes. Deltagare rekryterades via sociala medier, internetforum och uppsatta lappar på barnavårdscentraler och överviktsenheter. Intervjuerna transkriberades och bearbetades i en induktiv manifest innehållsanalys där meningsbärande enheter plockades ut och sedan kondenserades, kodades och delades in i subkategorier och kategorier.  Resultat  Totalt genomfördes intervjuer med fem deltagare. Analysen resulterade i sju subkategorier som grupperades in i de två kategorierna Nationellt och regionalt ansvar för hälsa och Individens tankar och förutsättningar för en hälsosam livsstil. Vårdnadshavarna hade strategier gällande kost och fysisk aktivitet för att hantera barnens övervikt. Samhällets förbättringsmöjligheter sågs i form av utökad information från barnavårdscentraler, fler gratisaktiviteter och bättre utbud av hälsosam mat. Vikten verkade inte påverka barnens allmänna mående, men snäva kroppsideal sågs som problematiskt och flera barn eftersträvade en muskulös kropp. Flera vårdnadshavare upplevde bristfälligt stöd från släktingar kring förhållningsregler gällande sötsaker. Slutsats Denna studie lyfter vårdnadshavarnas perspektiv för att belysa upplevda utmaningar och utvecklingsområden. De önskade framförallt bättre strukturer i samhället för att underlätta för en hälsosam livsstil samt stöd och förståelse från vänner och familj. Kommande studier bör undersöka familjer till barn med fetma och låg socioekonomisk status.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten experience threats and hate and if these things vary depending on if the affected journalist is a woman or a man. This study also aims to examine how these threats and the hate affect the opinion-forming journalists in both an emotional and a professional way. To strengthen the analysis this study is based on four theoretical frameworks. Strömbäcks theories support analyzes about self-censorship and the opinion-forming journalists' importance for democracy. Butler's theories about hate-speech describe how hate-speech can be expressed and affect the receiver. Lazarus and Folkman contribute with a psychological perspective with coping strategies, how they cope with the threats and hate. The theories from Hanitzsch presents various perspectives about the journalistic cultures and supports analysis connected to the journalistic role. The method used to gather the material was qualitative interviews with six opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. For the analysis meaning condensation was used. The result presents a total of ten themes, sorted in three chapters based on the issues. The result and analysis indicates that threats and hate is common for opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten to be exposed by. At the same time, a majority of the participating opinion-forming journalists state that they feel spared. Furthermore, it is very common for the opinion-forming journalist who receives threats or hate to be affected emotionally, mainly with negative emotions such as fear, sadness and discomfort. The biggest professional effect that threats and hate can lead to is self-censorship. Finally, this study can show that there are differences in threats and hate between female and male opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. The biggest difference is that women receive more threats and hatred based on sexism and containing sexual allusions.

The purpose of this reception study is to increase the understanding of how perceptions correspond between communicators and recipients regarding which feeling is perceived to engage the most in the context of sustainability communication. The theoretical frame stretches from Sara Ahmed's theory about how actions are reactions of feelings, the green gap, living in denial, Tim Jensen’s theory about environmental guilt and theories in politics that include subactivism and Chantal Mouffe's theory about the importance of an “us and them” in opposition political movements. The study also includes theories within semiotic analysis, reception analysis and Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model. The reception study is divided into two methods. The first method is a visual semiotic analysis that made it possible to find the preferred reading of the commercials. The second method is qualitative interviews which made it possible to analyse the way recipients interpret the message of the commercials. Analysing tools within reception analysis were applied to the material from the interviews with the recipients. The study also utilized a comparative analysis of interview responses between the communicators and recipients to locate possible differences in perceptions of sustainability communication.   The study's results show that positive emotions encourage recipients to maintain the already sustainable lifestyle they consider themselves to have but it also make them feel skeptical to the message. The negative emotions encourage them to make a behavior change but it also makes the recipients feel hopeless. The analysis however shows that the target group do not believe that they will make any further changes as they already believe that they are acting sustainably. The study has also identified some of the challenges that communicators face when it comes to sustainability communication. One is that the recipients respond best to the communication that they tend to avoid and another challenge is to find the balance between positive and negative emotions so that the recipient feels that the message is trustworthy. The study has also shown the importance of giving the recipients sustainable tools they feel they can act on. Dissonance between recipients and communicators regarding the sense of community has been located.

Motivational interviewing is a widely used psychosocial intervention, both in general and more specifically in Swedish social services. It was developed within the substance abuse field and has later been adapted to many other fields, for example domestic violence. Up to this point there has been some research about MI in this context, but there is a lack of knowledge about how social workers working with domestic violence use and perceive the method in their practical work. This qualitative interview study explores seven Swedish social workers’ perception of this within the theory of affordances. The results have been thematically analyzed and shows that MI is viewed as a flexible, versatile and useful method within domestic violence. The results also show three themes which are called The learning process of MI as an affordance in itself, MI as a useful method in the work with domestic violence and MI applied partially in relation to contextual circumstances. The results further implicate more extensive future studies with a quantitative approach.

Background: In Sri Lanka, children with disability are being met with discrimination and stigma based on cultural and religious beliefs. Sri Lanka has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child that states that children with disability should enjoy full and decent lives with active participation in the community. Empowerment is the process that makes it possible for these children to experience equality in society. Nurses have a vital role working with health promotion for these children. Aim: to describe how nurses work with empowerment for children with disability in a low-income country. Method: A qualitative and empiric interview study with Sri Lankan nurses from two different rehabilitation teams. Result: The nurse‟s experiences in the subject are explained like; nursing with focus on the child, nursing with focus on the mother, nursing with focus on the interdisciplinary team. Conclusion: By nursing with these focuses, the nursing interventions for children with disability had a holistic approach that covered all aspects of life. / Bakgrund: I Sri Lanka blir barn med funktionsnedsättning mötta med diskriminering och stigma baserat på kulturella och religiösa övertygelser. Sri Lanka har skrivit under barnkonventionen som säger att barn med funktionsnedsättning har rätt till ett fullkomligt och värdigt liv med aktiv delaktighet i samhället. Empowerment syftar till processen som möjliggör jämlikhet i samhället för dessa barn. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll i denna hälsofrämjande process. Syfte: Att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor arbetar med empowerment för barn med funktionsnedsättning ett låginkomstland. Metod: En kvalitativ och empirisk intervjustudie med Sri Lankesiska sjuksköterskor från två rehabiliteringsteam. Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna beskrev sina erfarenheter så här: omvårdnad med fokus på barnet, omvårdnad med fokus på modern och omvårdnad med fokus på tvärprofessionellt team. Slutsats: Genom att ge omvårdnad för barn med funktionsnedsättning med dessa tre fokusområden är sjuksköterskans interventioner holistiska och täcker alla aspekter i livet. / <p>Röda Korsets sjuksköterskeförening stipendium 2012</p>

Bakgrund: På operationssalar samarbetar flera olika kompetenser mot ett gemensamt mål, att ge patienten god och säker vård och omvårdnad. Forskning har visat att det krävs ett gott teamarbete bland personalen för att patientsäkerheten ska kunna säkerställas.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva operationsteamets erfarenheter av vilka faktorer som påverkar teamarbetet på operationssal. Metod: Studien har genomförts med kvalitativ metod och induktiv ansats. Ett strategiskt urval användes som urvalsmetod. Två personer från varje yrkeskategori i teamet; anestesisjuksköterskor, anestesiologer, operationssjuksköterskor, operationsundersköterskor och operatörer handplockades till kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Data har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Studien resulterade i sex huvudkategorier: Att samarbeta och ha en personlig relation till kompetenta kollegor, Att ha en god stämning där alla är inkluderade och känner sig trygga, Att vara väl förberedd, ha ett gemensamt mål och uttalade roller, Att vara fokuserad, engagerad och visa respekt även under stress, Att lyssna på varandra och kommunicera högt och tydligt med closed loop och Att arbeta strukturerat och använda de hjälpmedel och verktyg som finns.  Slutsats: Teamarbetet är viktigt för patientsäkerheten och för en god omvårdnad. Faktorer som samarbete, personliga relationer, en god stämning, gemensamma mål, respekt och kommunikation upplever operationsteamet påverkar teamarbetet. Faktorerna kan kännas självklara, samtidigt påtalar deltagarna den förbättringspotential som finns, vilket belyser det komplexa med teamarbetet.

Laboratory information systems (LIS) are an established IT-support system currently used by clinical laboratories. Traditional methods in clinical laboratories are improved through LIS and automation. Such changes generate more efficient and productive clinical laboratories, allowing faster diagnosis. This study evaluates how a LIS can increase efficiency, ensure patient safety, and improve analytical quality in the laboratory processes. A literature review was made as first-step and used to generate deeper knowledge about the origin of LIS and traditional methods within the clinical laboratories. A qualitative, interview-based investigation with eight interviewees primarily from clinical laboratories was used to evaluate LIS. The study showed that an LIS must support laboratory workflow to ensure patient safety and analytical quality management. During the creation of LIS, present and expected national guidelines must be considered. Economically and socially sustainable LIS should be considered in the transition of an updated or new LIS. Further studies should investigate all clinical laboratories and vendors. / Laboratorieinformationssystem (LIS) är etablerade IT-supportsystem inom dagens kliniska laboratorier. Traditionella metoder i de kliniska laboratoriema forbättras idag med LIS och automatisering. Denna förändring skapar mer effektiva och produktiva laboratorier för att ge patienten en snabb diagnos. Syftet med studien var att utvärdera hur LIS kan öka effektiviteten, siikerstiilla patientsiikerheten och forbiittra den analytiska kvaliteten i laboratorieprocessen. En litteraturstudie gjordes som ett första steg och användes for att skapa djupare kunskaper om LIS ursprung och traditionella metoder inom kliniska laboratorierna. En kvalitativ intervjubaserad utredning gjordes med hjälp av åtta informanter huvudsakligen fran kliniska laboratorier för att utvärdera LIS. Studien visade att LIS ska stödja laboratoriernas arbetsflöde for att säkerstiäla patientsiikerhet och analytisk kvalitetshantering. Under skapandet av LIS maste nuvarande och forviintade nationella riktlinjer overviigas. For ett hallbart LIS bor ekonomisk och social hallbarhet overviigas i overgangen till ett uppdaterad eller nytt LIS. Ytterligare studier bor undersoka alla kliniska laboratorier och leverantorer.

The overall aim of this licentiate thesis was to describe encounters in hospital care from the perspectives of nurses and patients. It focuses specifically on nurses’ views of shortcomings in patient-care encounters in one hospital (I) and the meanings of participation in hospital care as narrated by patients (II). Three focus group discussions with 15 registered nurses were conducted, and data were analyzed using thematic content analysis (I). Narrative interviews were conducted with 15 patients in hospital care, and the interviews were analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutic interpretation (II). This licentiate thesis shows that a shared understanding is considered as central for both the nurses and the patients in the hospital-care encounter. The nurses demonstrate the need to understand, to create space, and also to be available for vulnerable patients. The patients describe the need to be understood and to understand their own situations. This thesis suggests that positive encounters in hospital care imply that nurses need to take responsibility for creating a mutual dialogue where the patient experiences himself or herself as a co-creator in a trustful context. When nurses acknowledge and confirm the vulnerability of their patients, it becomes possible to support them to participate in an active manner. A well-functioning team, as well as a coherent environment, is, in this thesis, understood as a precondition for positive hospitalcare encounters.