Introdução: A dor da criança é uma das queixas de maior procura pelos serviços de urgência e de emergência e seu manejo tem sido um motivo de preocupação pelos profissionais de saúde. Para avaliar os cuidados prestados aos pacientes, são utilizados indicadores de qualidade, dentre eles, a satisfação. Objetivo: Compreender a satisfação da criança e de seu familiar acerca do manejo da dor no pronto-socorro infantil. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo exploratório e descritivo. Para a discussão dos dados foi utilizado o modelo de Donabedian. Os participantes deste estudo foram constituídos por crianças entre seis e 12 anos de idade e seus familiares. As entrevistas foram gravadas e os dados analisados à luz da análise temática. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 19 crianças e 19 familiares entre outubro de 2016 a maio de 2017. Os resultados sobre a percepção da satisfação acerca do manejo da dor no pronto-socorro infantil compuseram o Tema 1: A satisfação percebida pelas crianças e familiares, composto por três subtemas: Atendimento prioritário, alívio rápido da dor e Acolhimento pela equipe A satisfação percebida pelas crianças composto por um subtema: Necessidades básicas atendidas. A satisfação percebida pelos familiares, composto por um subtema: Investigação dos sintomas. E a insatisfação percebida acerca do manejo da dor no pronto-socorro infantil compuseram o Tema 2: A insatisfação percebida pelas crianças e familiares, composto por um subtema: Demora em aliviar a dor A insatisfação percebida pelas crianças composto por dois subtemas: Procedimentos dolorosos e Ambiente desconfortável. A insatisfação percebida pelos familiares composto por um subtema: Demora pelos resultados dos exames\". Conclusão: Observou-se que a satisfação da criança e de seus familiares foi muito mais do que o alívio da dor, ou o atendimento prioritário. Englobou também o ambiente e o acolhimento pela equipe. É recomendado que o cuidado do profissional de saúde seja direcionado às singularidades das crianças e de suas famílias. / Introduction: Child pain is one of the most pressing complaints of emergency services and its management has been a cause of concern for health professionals. To assess the care provided to patients, quality indicators are used, among them, the satisfaction. Objective: To understand the satisfaction of the child and his/her family with pain management in the emergency room. Methodology: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study. To discuss our data was used the Donabedian model. The study population consisted of children between six and 12 years age and their family. Interviews were recorded and data analyzed in the light of the thematic analysis. Results: We interviewed 19 children and 19 family members between october 2016 and may 2017. The results on the perception of satisfaction with pain management in the emergency room constituted theme 1: Children\'s and their families perceived satisfaction, composed of three sub-themes: \"Priority in care\", \"quick pain relief\" and \"warm welcome at the hospital\". Children\'s perceived satisfaction, composed of one sub-theme: \"Basic needs met\". Families perceived satisfaction, composed of one sub-theme: \"Investigation of symptoms\". And the results on the perception of dissatisfaction with pain management in the emergency room constituted theme 2: Children\'s and their families perceived satisfaction, composed of one sub-theme: \"Delays in relieving pain\". Children\'s perceived dissatisfaction composed of with two sub-themes: Painful Procedures \"and\" Uncomfortable Environment\". Families perceived dissatisfaction composed of one sub-theme: \"Delays in the results of the exams\". Conclusion: We observed that the satisfaction of the child and his/her family with pain management was beyond pain relief or priority care. Also included the environment and the warm welcome given by the healthcare team. We recommend that the care provided by the health professional be directed to the singularities of each child and their family.

Orientador: Cecília Mary Fischer Rubira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T19:51:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_RomuloJose_M.pdf: 10351473 bytes, checksum: 560e490e6acebcaf56e0a906dd45d0ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Serviços Web são usados como uma das formas de se obter uma Arquitetura Orientada a Serviços (SOA). Com aspectos interoperáveis, dinâmicos e distribuídos, tais serviços agregam valores de negócio, são unidades de software com alta coesão e são utilizados para integração entre aplicações empresariais. Em um contexto de SOA, provedores de serviços devem oferecer garantias de funcionamento de seus serviços. Esta garantia é realizada através de atributos de Quality of Service (QoS) inseridos em contratos do tipo SLA (Service Level Agreement). Atributos de QoS podem ter flutuações ou mudança de estado ao longo do tempo, dado que um serviço opera em um ambiente de alta dinamicidade e alta imprevisibilidade que são propriedades inerentes ao contexto SOA. Diante deste cenário, há uma clara necessidade de se conhecer as variações que ocorrem nos atributos de QoS. Para isso, é fundamental aplicar uma monitoração que possibilite conhecer os valores de atributos de QoS para compreender o contexto geral do ambiente que opera o serviço. Uma boa solução de monitoração deve oferecer meios flexíveis de monitorar diferentes atributos de QoS (e.g. disponibilidade, desempenho e confiabilidade), de diferentes modos de operar, considerando diferentes alvos ligados ao serviço (e.g. servidor, rede e aplicação servidora). Por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura identificamos que as soluções encontradas não apoiam a flexibilidade na monitoração. Face a este contexto, esta dissertação propôs a FlexMonitorWS uma solução de monitoração de serviços Web e de recursos de infraestrutura de TI ligada ao serviço Web. A FlexMonitorWS adota técnicas de Linhas de Produtos de Software para criar uma família de monitores a partir da variabilidade de software existente em sistemas de monitoração de serviços Web. Três estudos de caso foram executados para avaliar a viabilidade da ferramenta, obtendo-se resultados satisfatórios na entrega de valores de atributos de QoS e na compreensão do ambiente que opera o serviço Web. Ao final, apresentamos conclusões, contribuições e direções para trabalhos futuros / Abstract: Web services are used as a way of obtaining a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). With interoperable, dynamic and distributed aspects such services add business values are software units with high cohesion and are used to integrate business applications. In a SOA context, service providers must offer guarantees of the servces operations. This warranty is carried out by attributes Quality of Service (QoS) type contracts entered into SLA (Service Level Agreement). QoS attributes can have fluctuations or changes of state over time, given that a service operates in an environment of high dynamics and high unpredictability inherent in the SOA context properties. Given this scenario, there is a clear need to understand the fluctuations in the QoS attributes. Therefore, it is essential to apply a monitoring which allows to know the QoS attributes values to understand the overall context of the environment that operates the service. A good monitoring solution must offer flexible ways to monitor different QoS attributes (e.g. performance, availability and reliability) in different ways to operate, considering different targets linked to the service (e.g. server, network and server application). By analyzing existing solutions through a Systematic Literature Review identified that solutions do not support the flexibility in monitoring. Against this background, this thesis proposed a solution FlexMonitorWS monitoring of Web services and IT infrastructure resources connected to the Web services. FlexMonitorWS adopts techniques from Software Product Lines to create a monitors family from the existing variability in the Web services monitoring systems. Three case studies were performed to assess the tool feasibility, obtaining satisfactory results in delivering QoS attributes values and understanding to environment that operates the Web service. In the end, conclusions, contributions and directions for future work are presented / Mestrado / Ciência da Computação / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

La investigación realizada es no experimental y de enfoque cualitativo en su mayor parte y cuantitativo en lo que resta, con alcances descriptivos y explicativos. El enfoque principal de nuestra investigación fue el problema del deficiente lanzado de Shotcrete en túneles, producto de una inadecuada gestión de la calidad, teniendo como fundamental objetivo elaborar una propuesta de gestión de calidad con la finalidad de optimizar el proceso de lanzado de Shotcrete en túneles, usando la conocida guía para la gestión de proyectos PMBOK a través de esta podemos deducir que siguiendo el área de conocimiento de gestión de la calidad alinearemos los procedimientos aprobados con el control respectivo en las distintas áreas o frentes de trabajo, además de realizar un continuo seguimiento de estos procesos con auditorías internas y externas. Se adoptó una metodología de recopilación de información, estudio y aplicación del área de conocimiento del PMBoK, determinación de cantidades de Shotcrete usado en el caso de estudio donde se analizó los costos y tiempos, y se evaluó los diferentes procesos que están relacionados con el sistema de Shotcreteado. Concluyéndose que el uso del sistema de gestión de calidad bajo los lineamientos del PMBoK es una guía de gran importancia para la aplicación en procedimientos constructivos debido a que nos señala las pautas adecuadas para la planificación, seguimiento y control de cada proceso con la finalidad de retroalimentarlo continuamente y mejorarlo si fuera el caso necesario. The investigation is a non-experimental research, mostly qualitative and quantitative in the rest with descriptive and explanatory scopes. The main theme of our investigation was the problem of the deficient Shotcrete spraying in tunnels, product of an inadequate management of the quality, having as principal scope the elaboration of a proposal for Quality Management with the purpose of optimizing the process of Shotcrete spraying in tunnels, with the known guide for the project management PMBOK. Using this guide, we can determinate that following the Quality area of knowledge we will align the procedures approved with the respective control in the different areas or fronts of work, moreover, monitoring of these processes with internal and external audits. There was adopted a methodology of summary of information, study and application of the area of knowledge of the PMBoK, determination of Shotcrete quantities used in case of study where the costs and schedules were analyzed, and there were evaluated the different processes that are related to Shotcreting System. Concluding that Quality Management of the PMBoK is a guide of great importance for the application in constructive procedures due to the fact that indicates the guidelines for planning, assurance and control of every process with the purpose of control and improvement if it was necessary.

Arbetet kring mätfrekvenser, alltså hur ofta en producerad detalj ska mätas, inom produktionen på Volvo Cars följer i dagsläget inget standardiserat arbetssätt. Arbetet kring det bygger i stort på tidigare erfarenheter och vad liknande utrustningar har för mätfrekvens. Volvo Cars efterfrågar mer kunskap inom området för att få en mer kostnadseffektiv kvalitetssäkring. Arbetets huvudsyfte har innefattats av identifiering gällande vilka variabler som påverkar mätfrekvensen, samt uppbyggnad av en enklare modell där variablerna applicerats. Intervjuer har även genomförts på ett flertal företag, där några av de viktigaste slutsatserna är: Mätfrekvenser arbetas med retroaktivt, snarare än proaktivt. Duglighet är i dagsläget vanligast att använda vid arbete med mätfrekvenser. Arbete med mätfrekvenser sker inte standardiserat. Förbättring av mätfrekvenser jobbas med i låg grad och när det väl görs är det ofta triggat av en mantidsanalys. Arbetet har resulterat i identifiering av två huvudvariabler; duglighet och kvalitetskostnader. Även om verkligheten är mer komplicerad, kan dessa två variabler ses som huvudkategorier. Under duglighet och kvalitetskostnader finns sedan underkategorier. För duglighet finns verktygsrelaterade egenskaper såsom förslitning och dess material. Även detaljens material och dess termodynamiska egenskaper har inverkan på dugligheten. Slutligen återfinns felintensitet, vibrationer som uppstår och processens stabilitet. Gällande kvalitetsbristkostnader finns felkostnader som uppstår inom företagets väggar, interna felkostnader, och de felkostnader som uppstår när produkt levererats till kund, externa felkostnader. Utöver de två finns även kontrollkostnader och förebyggande kostnader. Arbetet har dessutom mynnat ut i en enklare modell där erfarenhet från intervjuer och data från Volvo Cars tagits i beaktande. Flera av de data som återfinns i modellen har tagits fram genom analysering av tre veckors produktionsdata från Volvo Cars. Data som används i modellen berörande kvalitet är duglighet och den procentuella fördelningen av den aktuella varianten. De data som har inverkan på kvalitetskostnaderna är hur många operationer flödet har och aktuell operations placering i relation till totala antalet. Även råämnets kostnad, allvarlighetsgraden för kvalitetsbristen hos aktuell egenskap och skrotkostnaden används. Modellen har sedan applicerat på en maskinerna som omfattats av arbetet för att kontrollera utfallet. Med data införd baserad på produktionsdata från Volvo Cars har en stickprovsfrekvens på 62 genererats. / Work on measuring frequencies, which is how often a produced detail is to be measured, within Volvo Cars’ production currently does not follow a standardized approach. The work around it basically builds on past experiences and what similar equipment has for measurement frequency. Volvo Cars requests more knowledge in the area to get more cost-effective quality assurance. The main objective of the work has contained identification of the variables that affect the measurement frequency, as well as construction of a simpler model where the variables are applied. Interviews have also been conducted on a number of companies, where some of the key conclusions are: Measuring frequencies are worked retrospectively, rather than proactively. Capability is currently the most common for work with measurement frequencies. Working with measurement frequencies does not occur standardized. Improving measurement frequencies occur to a low extent, and when done, it is often triggered by a man-time analysis. The work has resulted in the identification of two main variables; capability and quality costs. Although the reality is more complicated, these two variables can be seen as main categories. Under capability and quality costs, there are subcategories. For capability, tool-related properties such as wear and its material are available. The material of the detail and its thermodynamic properties also affect the capability. Finally, error intensity, vibrations and stability of the process are found. Regarding quality deficiency there are error costs arising within the company's walls, internal error costs, and the error costs that occur when the product is delivered to the customer, external error costs. In addition to the two, there are also control costs and prevention costs. In addition, the work has resulted in a simpler model, taking into account experience from interviews and data from Volvo Cars. Several of the data contained in the model have been developed by analyzing three-week production data from Volvo Cars. Data used in the model related to quality is the capability and the percentage distribution of the current variant. The data that impact on quality costs is how many operations the flow has and the current operation location in relation to the total number. The cost of the raw material, the severity of the quality lack of the current property and the scrap cost is also used. The model has then been applied to one of the machines covered by the work to check the outcome. With data imported based on production data from Volvo Cars, a sampling rate of 62 has been generated.

There seems to be a lack of synchronisation between the acquisition of skills, knowledge, values, teaching techniques, and so forth from professional learning interventions and the application thereof in practice by teachers in general and language teachers in particular. Those charged with ensuring that teachers‟ development needs, in terms of Collective Agreement 8 of 2003 (DoE, 2003), receive attention, seem to be complying with that prerequisite without establishing whether such interventions really do address the need for development. This study focuses on the quality assurance of workshops meant to address the professional development needs of language teachers. This was explored in terms of learning theories informing methods used when facilitating professional development workshops for teachers and the assessment of teachers during the workshops, including evaluation of the workshops themselves and the quality assurance of those workshops. The study has found, among others, that the methods used during facilitation are not sourced from a variety of professional learning theories, including different learning styles that accommodate teachers who learn differently from others; a variety of assessment methods is not used to assess language teachers during the workshop sessions and quality assurance of the workshops internally and externally scarcely takes place. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / unrestricted

Magister Educationis - MEd / The purpose of the study is to understand the roles, functions and perceived performance of the Tertiary Education Council (TEC) in higher education governance in Botswana. The study describes the relationship between the government, the TEC and higher education institutions in Botswana. The main objectives of the study are to: a) Examine the roles and functions of the TEC in Botswana’s higher education regarding policy formulation, quality assurance and coordination in the planning and development of tertiary education. b) Explore potential tensions between the roles and functions of the TEC and those of some of its stakeholders. c) Establish the performance of the TEC in relation to the three functions of policy formulation, quality assurance and coordination in the planning and development of tertiary education. The study is located within the broader framework of higher education governance. It examines the different models of higher education governance (such as state control, state interference and state supervision models) and the relationship involved between different stakeholders in governance of higher education. Furthermore, the framework focuses on the implications of the dynamics of higher education governance on the roles and functions of buffer bodies. The study adopted a single case study approach and it was designed to allow for the use of multiple sources of evidence. Data was collected through a review of both institutional and policy documents, semi-structured interviews with eight informants from the TEC and the Ministry of Education and Skills Development, as well as a survey targeting institutional heads of higher education institutions in Botswana. The use of qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection provided useful and in-depth data and allowed for triangulation. The data was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings of the study reveal that there are differing conceptions of the TEC’s role in higher education in Botswana. Whereas the TEC sees itself as ‘middleman’ between the government and higher education institutions, the higher education institutions conceptualise the role of the TEC as an extension of government. The differing views on the TEC’s role, as either buffer or agent, result in different expectations of the roles and functions of the TEC. In addition, the study revealed that Botswana’s higher education system is characterised by fragmentation and duplication of roles, which limit the mandate of the TEC, thereby creating tensions between the TEC and other constituencies in the Botswana higher education system. The study thus contributes to the understanding of the roles and functions of the TEC in the governance of higher education in Botswana. It also contributes to the understanding of the relationship between the different stakeholders involved in the governance of higher education and the implications of this relationship on the roles and functions of buffer bodies. Overall, the study shows the complexities involved in the governance of higher education in a young and evolving system of higher education, and in a context in which the roles and functions of the key players are contested and inconsistently understood.

The policy and practice of RPL (Recognition of Prior Learning) remains a contested area in the higher education sector. While a growing body of research on RPL has become available, little is known about the quality assurance dimensions of this policy and its current expression in higher education practice. Accordingly, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive and detailed portrait of the manner in which RPL is implemented in the Faculty of Education at the University of Pretoria. The central question is does the RPL system that is in place at this institution meet national and international requirements for quality and quality assurance? If not, what are the reasons and how can the faculty improve its RPL practice? The research sub-questions addressed are the following: <ul> <li> What is the quality of the inputs used to design the RPL that is in place in the Faculty of Education at the University of Pretoria?</li> <li> How does the Faculty of Education at the University of Pretoria assess RPL candidates for their prior learning? </li> <li> What is the effect of the output of the RPL system on client satisfaction?</li></ul> A mixed methods research design was used for this study. A single Faculty (Education) was selected as the data collection site, to reveal the deeper and nuanced impact of the process of implementation of the RPL programme. A semi-structured interview schedule administered to the senior managers of the faculty was to elicit information on how the RPL system was conceptualised and designed. This process included the Dean (Faculty of Education); Head of Department (Curriculum Studies); Head of Department (Educational Management, Law and Policy Studies); Director (Centre for Evaluation and Assessment) and the Director (Centre for Joint Science, Mathematics and Technology Education). To determine whether there is a link between what the Quality Assurance Unit of the university promotes and application of such principles and procedures at service delivery level, an interview with the Director of the QA Unit was done. Other interviews involved students (undergraduates and postgraduates); the non-academic staff and lecturers within all the departments of the faculty, to determine whether they knew or were aware of RPL related activities in the faculty. An observation tool was constructed to examine the quality of the assessment process, which involved RPL learners, assessors, evidence facilitators, verifiers, moderators and RPL administrators. A questionnaire was administered to RPL learners involved in the assessment process to determine their satisfaction with the output of the RPL programme. Lecturers who participated in the RPL assessment process were interviewed to determine their experiences. Finally, an observational checklist was used to determine quality indicators at macro (administrative) and micro (academic) levels. The data was analysed using pattern matching, discrepancy, content and interpretational analyses methods. The research findings presented are in the form of a “thick” narrative on the quality of RPL implementation, that is, what the faculty should do to improve or strengthen the current system, and a portrayal of how the RPL programme truly operates. The findings indicate that a relatively good system of RPL provisioning is in place in the Faculty of Education, with a few areas of concern (weaknesses). The major problem is that this system is not benefiting the majority of people it was intended for. The system is “selective” and “exclusionary” in nature. There are clear procedures and processes for RPL assessment, which are adhered to strictly by faculty assessors. The RPL system that is currently in place is satisfactory to those who were assessed for prior learning during the period 2003-2006 and unsatisfactory at the level of the lecturers who participated in the assessment process. Most of them indicated that RPL is an add-on activity to their workloads, with very little incentives from management. To those who were not part of the assessment process, but were assumed to have received information from the faculty, the findings indicated that they knew very little about RPL and how it is being assessed in the faculty. From the client’s perspective, most (eighty four percent) said if they knew how this system operates in the faculty, they would want to be assessed for their prior learning. An extensive examination of the RPL practice in the Faculty of Education gave useful insights on the quality of RPL provisioning. Future research needs to concentrate on evaluations on how RPL is implemented in the other faculties of the university. Second to this, is to begin to provide answers as to what causes full-scale implementation of RPL problematic in the higher education sector, to provide empirical data to policy makers for decision-making purposes. Thirdly, to provide solutions towards the sustainability of the RPL system in the higher education sector, there is a need to do studies on the cost-effectiveness of RPL implementation. / Thesis (PhD (Assessment and Quality Assurance in Education and Training))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Curriculum Studies / PhD / unrestricted

This thesis deals with questions regarding quality assurance and software testing. The subject of its theoretical part is the specification of the general concept of quality, description of standards used in the field of software product quality evaluation and finally the evaluation of software development process itself. The thesis intends to introduce the theoretical framework of software quality assurance, especially the detailed analysis of the whole software testing branch. An added value to the theoretical part constitutes the characterization of procedural approach and selected methods used towards the improvement of processes. The practical part of the thesis comprises of the exemplification -- it shows the procedural approach at software quality management, applied to a selected IT company. The main aim of the practical part is to create a purposeful project for optimization of quality assurance and software testing processes. The core of the matter is to accomplish the process analysis of the present condition of software testing methodology. For the purpose of process analysis and optimization project, the models of key processes will be created; these processes will then be depicted based on defined pattern. The description of the state-of-the-art of software product quality assurance processes is further supplemented by the evaluation of such processes maturity. The project for optimization of software testing and quality assurance processes comes from the process analysis of the present condition of software testing methodology, as well as from the evaluation of procedural models maturity. The essence of processes optimization is the incorporation of change requests and innovative intentions of individual processes into the resulting state of methodology draft. For the measurement of selected quality assurance and software testing processes, the configuration of efficiency indicators and their application on particular processes is implemented. The research on the of the state-of-the-art, as well as the elaboration of this whole project for optimization of software testing and quality assurance processes runs in conformity with the principles of DMAIC model of Six Sigma method.

The thesis 'Using of Tools and Methods of Management Accouting in the Management Process of Buying Specific Items (with an example of a specific company)' describes the current process of purchasing specific parts in the company Škoda Auto a.s., focusing on quality assurance and responsibility for term accomplishment. The theoretical part of this thesis introduces the in-house company structure of Škoda Auto a.s., focusing on the Purchasing Department, with the emphasis on the Department of Control of the Purchased Parts and presents in detail the overall process of buying these parts. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the evaluation of the activities of this department by comparing current projects and projects before the establishment of the department. In conclusion, there are recommendations and suggestions for the improvement of the current system

Testing often takes between 35 and 50 percent of the total costs of software development projects. Still, the role of testing tends to be underestimated. High costs that are being spent on software testing make a reason for looking for systematical approaches for making the testing processes efficient. Test process improvement models offer such approaches. These models are subject of this thesis. Implementation of process improvement models can be an expensive, long-term activity. Therefore, reasons need to be found, why is important to use such models. Reasons and motivations for using improvement models are demonstrated in the first part of this thesis. It turned out that software testing has, by its historical development, come to the state, when it contains so much theory that companies have a problem absorbing all the knowledge to make testing processes efficient. Therefore, improvement models offer a solution to this problem. This thesis is primarily focused on Test Maturity Model Integration (TMMi), which is being analyzed thoroughly. The work searches for possibilities and limitation of using the model and it summarizes current experiences with the model. Because the TMMi model does not contain a practical assessment method, such method is proposed in this thesis. The assessment method will help organizations using the model. Beside TMMi, the thesis provides an introduction into three other models: Test Process Improvement (TPI), Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) and Critical Testing Processes (CTP). All four models are subject to a comparison based on specified criteria. Results of the comparison are analyzed to identify for which situations individual models suit best. The comparison will help organizations to choose the right model for their needs.