Nachtrag 2014 zu: Über das Musikerbe der Sächsischen Staatskapelle Drei Studien zur Geschichte der Dresdner Hofkapelle und Hofoper anhand ihrer Quellenüberlieferung in der SLUB Dresden. Online Ressource Dresden 2009, (2)2010 Der Text stellt die erweiterte Fassung eines Referates dar, das während eines vom 23. bis 25. Juni 2010 in der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden veranstalteten Kolloquiums vorgetragen wurde. Das Kolloquium stand unter dem Titel „Das Instrumentalrepertoire der Dresdner Hofkapelle – Überlieferung und Notisten“. Hiervon befindet sich ein Gesamtbericht in Vorbereitung, zu welchem sich die hier vorgelegte Veröffentlichung als ein digitaler „Vorabdruck“ versteht. Dieser resultiert aus dem inhaltlichen Zusammenhang mit den „Drei Studien“ der Verfasserin und dem Wunsch, deren Nutzern den Zugang zu dieser ergänzenden und weiterführenden Arbeit unmittelbar zu ermöglichen.

Mit Thomas Manns Mittelalterroman Der Erwählte , erschienen 1951, liegt ein literarisches Werk vor, in dem ein Stück der älteren deutschen Dichtung, nämlich Hartmann von Aues mittelhochdeutscher Gregorius , in der Gegenwartsliteratur seine schöpferische Weiterbildung erfahren hat. Um seine Mittelalterfiktion möglichst vielschichtig zu gestalten, griff Thomas Mann neben der stofflichen Rezeption der mittelalterlichen Gregorius -Legende auch sprachlich in der Zeit zurück. Der an sich neuhochdeutsch zu lesende, überwiegend in Prosa abgefasste Text ist mit einer Vielzahl fremder Wörter, Sätze und Dialoge durchsetzt, die älteren und jüngeren europäischen Sprach(ständ)en entnommen sind. Im Mittelpunkt vorliegender Arbeit steht die Rekonstruktion der Mann schen Sprach-, Zitat- und Wortbildungsarbeit anhand der Originalnotizen, -materialien und der im Thomas Mann-Archiv / Zürich aufgestellten Handbibliothek des Dichters. Entstanden ist ein umfangreicher Stellenkommentar mit Sachinformationen, Worterklärungen, Übersetzungen, Quellennachweisen bis hin zu Lesebemerkungen Thomas Manns ein Instrument, das unabhängig vom Rest der Arbeit als Lese- und Interpretationshilfe genutzt werden kann. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ist besagter Stellenkommentar die unerlässliche Voraussetzung zur Beantwortung der Leitfrage nach der poetischen Funktion von Sprache, Zitat und Wortbildung im Rahmen der mittelalterlichen Gesamtfiktion.

Die Geschichte des Radfahrens in der Lausitz um 1900 ist noch nicht auserzählt. Regionale Radfahrer-Bünde sind nur ein Aspekt der Mobilitäts- und Sportgeschichte: LRB, OLRB, SRB, DRB, ARU und „Solidarität“ hießen damals die Radfahrer-Bünde, um nur einige zu nennen. Örtliche Radfahrervereine, die Fahrradproduktion, Handel und Reparaturwerkstätten und darüber hinaus die frühe Verbreitung des Fahrrads in der Ober- und Niederlausitz sind Aspekte, die weiter erforscht werden können. Radrennen und Dauerfahrten in der Oberlausitz sind Inhalt des vorliegenden Artikels, der einerseits einen Einstieg in neue Recherchen bietet und andererseits Quellen und Methoden für diese Art der Spurensuche diskutiert. [... aus dem Artikel]

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Inhibitory control processes have intensively been studied in cognitive science for the past decades. Even though the neural dynamics underlying these processes are increasingly better understood, a critical open question is how the representational dynamics of the inhibitory control processes are modulated when engaging in response inhibition in a relatively automatic or a controlled mode. Against the background of an overarching theory of perception-action integration, we combine temporal and spatial EEG signal decomposition methods with multivariate pattern analysis and source localization to obtain fine-grained insights into the neural dynamics of the representational content of response inhibition. For this purpose, we used a sample of N = 40 healthy adult participants. The behavioural data suggest that response inhibition was better in a more controlled than a more automated response execution mode. Regarding neural dynamics, effects of response inhibition modes relied on a concomitant coding of stimulus-related information and rules of how stimulus information is related to the appropriate motor programme. Crucially, these fractions of information, which are encoded at the same time in the neurophysiological signal, are based on two independent spatial neurophysiological activity patterns, also showing differences in the temporal stability of the representational content. Source localizations revealed that the precuneus and inferior parietal cortex regions are more relevant than prefrontal areas for the representation of stimulus–response selection codes. We provide a blueprint how a concatenation of EEG signal analysis methods, capturing distinct aspects of neural dynamics, can be connected to cognitive science theory on the importance of representations in action control.

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Das IceCube Neutrinoteleskop hat im Jahr 2013 erstmals einen isotropen, quasi-diffusen astrophysikalischen Neutrinoflusses detektiert. Dieser Fluss kann jedoch bisher keiner astrophysikalischen Quellklasse zugeordnet werden. Um nach kurzlebigen Neutrinoquellen zu suchen, wurde 2008 das optische und Röntgen-Nachfolgebeobachtungsprogramm des IceCube Detektors eingerichtet. Es sucht nach zwei oder mehr Neutrinoereignissen, die von einer Punkquelle stammen könnten und innerhalb von 100s detektiert werden. Ein solches Signal wird unter anderem von langen oder kurzen Gammastrahlungsblitzen (GRBs) erwartet oder von verwandten Objekten wie leuchtschwachen GRBs oder Supernovae mit relativistischen Jets. Die Alarmraten des Nachfolgebeobachtungsprogramms sind jedoch niedrig und bieten bisher keine Hinweise für die Existenz von kurzlebigen Neutrinoquellen. Das Nachfolgebeobachungsprogramm hat bisher nur ein einziges Neutrinotriplet detektiert, das der Auslöser für eine umfassende Beobachtungskampagne war. In den optischen, Röntgen- und Gammastrahlungsbeobachtungen wurde keine wahrscheinliche Neutrinoquelle identifiziert und eine Supernova oder ein heller GRB können ausgeschlossen werden. Das Neutrinotriplet kann entweder eine zufällige Koinzidenz von Untergrundereignissen sein (alle 13.7 Jahre erwartet) oder es kann von einer leuchtschwachen oder besonders schnell verblassenden Quelle stammen. Die niedrige Rate von Neutrinomultipletts stellt außerdem eine obere Schranke auf die Helligkeit von kurzlebigen Neutrinoquellen dar. Seltene Quellen mit lokalen Raten von < 3e-8 – 10e-5 Mpc^-3 Jahr^-1 können nicht den gesammten Fluss erzeugen, ohne die detektierte Anzahl Multipletts zu überschreiten. Der Fluss von GRBs ist dadurch auf 5-30% des astrophysikalischen Flusses beschränkt. Falls 1% aller Kernkollaps-Supernovae einen Jet besitzen, der auf die Erde zeigt, so können sie 40-100% des Flusses erzeugen und ihre durchschnittliche Neutrinohelligkeit ist <3e51erg. / The IceCube neutrino observatory first detected and isotropic, quasi-diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux in 2013. However, this flux can so far not be associated with an astrophysical source class. To search for short-lived neutrino sources, the optical and X-ray follow-up program was established in 2008. It searches for two or more neutrino events that might origin from a point source and are detected within 100s. Such a signal is expected from long or short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or from related objects like low-luminosity GRBs or supernovae with choked jets. The alert rates of the follow-up program are however low, such that they do not provide evidence for the existence of short-lived neutrino sources. So far the follow-up program has only detected a one neutrino triplet, which triggered an extensive follow-up campaign. No likely neutrino source was detected in the collected optical, X-ray and gamma-ray observations and the presence of a supernova or a bright GRB can be excluded. The neutrino triplet can either be a chance coincidence of background events (expected every 13.7 years) or is can originate from a faint or quickly fading astrophysical source. The low rate of neutrino multiplets moreover provides an upper limit on the luminosity of short-lived neutrino sources. Rare sources with local rates of < 3e-8 – 10e-5 Mpc^-3 yr^-1 cannot produce the complete fluc without producing too many neutrino multiplets. This limits the contribution of GRBs to 5-30% of the astrophysical flux. If 1% of all core-collapse supernovae have a jet that is pointed at Earth, they can emit up to 40-100% of the flux and their average neutrino luminosity is <3e51erg.

Entity augmentation is a query type in which, given a set of entities and a large corpus of possible data sources, the values of a missing attribute are to be retrieved. State of the art methods return a single result that, to cover all queried entities, is fused from a potentially large set of data sources. We argue that queries on large corpora of heterogeneous sources using information retrieval and automatic schema matching methods can not easily return a single result that the user can trust, especially if the result is composed from a large number of sources that user has to verify manually. We therefore propose to process these queries in a Top-k fashion, in which the system produces multiple minimal consistent solutions from which the user can choose to resolve the uncertainty of the data sources and methods used. In this paper, we introduce and formalize the problem of consistent, multi-solution set covering, and present algorithms based on a greedy and a genetic optimization approach. We then apply these algorithms to Web table-based entity augmentation. The publication further includes a Web table corpus with 100M tables, and a Web table retrieval and matching system in which these algorithms are implemented. Our experiments show that the consistency and minimality of the augmentation results can be improved using our set covering approach, without loss of precision or coverage and while producing multiple alternative query results.

High-intensity, short-pulse laser-solid interactions are of great importance for a number of applications and fundamental research, such as high energy density (HED) physics, laboratory astrophysics, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), particle acceleration, and ultrafast x-ray sources. X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool to investigate the extreme states of matter created by these interactions. This thesis presents the development and application of x-ray spectroscopy in relativistic laser-solid interactions. Two x-ray crystal spectrometers have been developed on the DRACO and European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facilities for the diagnosis of dense plasmas produced by ultrashort relativistic laser pulses. A high-resolution x-ray crystal spectrometer is developed at the DRACO petawatt laser, measuring the K-shell emission spectra of Ti targets ranging from cold Kα to thermal Heα lines. This spectrometer employs a spherically bent quartz crystal and adopts Johann geometry in the dispersive plane. Geometrical analysis and ray-tracing simulations are implemented, respectively, to determine the most suitable configuration and evaluate the performance of the spectrometer, showing an excellent spectral resolution of E/δE≈15000. With the quartz spectrometer, the production and transport of hot electrons as well as the heating state in the proton acceleration Ti targets can be investigated at the DRACO petawatt laser. In addition, a multipurpose imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer is developed for the HED instrument of the European XFEL. This spectrometer is designed to measure x-rays in the energy range of 4 - 10 keV, providing high-resolution, spatially-resolved spectral measurements. A toroidally bent germanium (Ge) crystal is used, allowing x-ray diffraction from the crystal to image along a one-dimensional spatial profile while spectrally resolving along the other. A detailed geometrical analysis is performed to determine the curvature of the crystal. The theoretical performance of the spectrometer in various configurations is calculated by ray-tracing simulations. The key properties of the spectrometer, including the spectral and spatial resolution, are demonstrated experimentally on different platforms. Experimental results prove that this Ge spectrometer is a powerful tool for spatially resolved measurements of x-ray emission, scattering, or absorption spectra in high energy density physics. The enhancement effect of a microstructured surface on laser absorption and characteristic Kα emission has been investigated by measuring K-shell emission from titanium (Ti) targets irradiated with high-intensity (~ 10^20 W/cm^2), sub-picosecond (500 fs) laser pulses. The experimental results indicate a modest enhancement (1.6x) of Kα emission from microstructured targets compared to flat foils, but with similar intensity and profile of Heα and Li-like satellites. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are implemented to further understand the underlying physical processes in the laser interaction with both targets, interpreting the mechanisms responsible for the Kα enhancement. The reasons for the lower-than-expected enhancement of Kα emission are discussed. The rapid heating of the bulk plasma might result in the premature shutdown of Kα emission before the thermalization of hot electrons or even the end of laser pulses, suggesting that the use of Kα emission as a diagnostic of the hot-electron yield or relaxation could lead to a misinterpretation. This work reveals that an optimized microstructured target shows promise to produce high-brightness, quasi-monochromatic laser-driven x-ray sources for many probing applications. While x-ray spectroscopy has been widely used for diagnosing the internal conditions of laser-produced plasmas, it is usually very challenging to extract reliable and accurate physical information from the raw x-ray spectra, especially for time- and space-integrated spectra emitting from a range of plasma conditions. In this thesis, a complex spatio-temporally resolved analysis of time- and space-integrated x-ray emission spectroscopy from the relativistic laser plasmas is presented. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations using the PICLS code are performed to investigate the laser-solid interaction within a picosecond (ps). The subsequent plasma evolution is simulated with the hydrodynamic code FLASH on a larger timescale (hundreds of ps). With the outputs of PIC and hydrodynamic simulations, atomic kinetics-spectroscopy simulations using the FLYCHK, SCFLY, and ATOMIC codes are performed to generate a series of synthetic spectra. These synthetic spectra are used to reconstruct a composite emission spectrum and then compared to the measured integrated spectra. A full-time evolution of electron density, temperature, and ionization state of laser plasmas is thus extracted, and verified by the comparison between the measured and simulated spectra. By this methodology, the dynamics of ultrafast relativistic laser-plasma systems was studied. The combination of x-ray spectroscopy, atomic physics, and multi-scale (i.e. PIC and hydro-) simulations is demonstrated to be a promising method to characterize the evolution of internal conditions of laser-produced plasmas. This method can also be used as an effective benchmark or reference for these numerical simulations.