Essa dissertaÃÃo possui por objetivo analisar, o significado da PolÃtica de AÃÃes Afirmativas â Sistema de Cotas para adolescentes e jovens de ensino mÃdio de Escolas PÃblicas de Fortaleza, que se autodeclaram como negros, a partir das mudanÃas no processo de acesso à universidade pÃblica. A metodologia à de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de Grupo Focal com estudantes de uma das escolas em que os alunos demonstraram maior conhecimento acerca das PolÃticas de AÃÃes Afirmativas, a partir da anÃlise das respostas de um questionÃrio, aplicado em 464 estudantes que participaram da pesquisa âExpectativas de futuro de jovens negros do Ensino MÃdio de escolas pÃblicas de fortaleza: implicaÃÃes da implantaÃÃo do Sistema de Cotas no CearÃâ (2014-2015). O material registrado no grupo focal foi interpretado com base na AnÃlise do Discurso de orientaÃÃo bakhtiniana, teoria proveniente da linguÃstica, e na Teoria HistÃrico Cultural que partem do pressuposto da linguagem como um processo dialÃgico e produtor da subjetividade humana. Valorizou-se a compreensÃo dos significados e sentidos construÃdos pelos sujeitos em relaÃÃo ao seu futuro educacional diante da implantaÃÃo do sistema de cotas, bem como em relaÃÃo Ãs questÃes referentes à identidade Ãtnica. Partiu-se, entÃo, da hipÃtese de que novos significados sÃo produzidos por esses estudantes acerca do ingresso no ensino superior, na medida em que conhecem oportunidades surgidas com a polÃtica de aÃÃes afirmativas voltadas para a ampliaÃÃo do ingresso de estudantes negros no ensino superior. Com o Grupo Focal, concluÃmos que os alunos nÃo demonstraram possuir um conhecimento significativamente diferenciado acerca do Sistema de Cotas, entendendo, de forma superficial como funciona e as mudanÃas que pode trazer para seus ingressos no ensino superior, mas nÃo se empoderando como protagonistas destes direitos, nem compreendendo de forma mais aprofundada os motivos de implementaÃÃo do sistema. Assim, os significados e sentidos produzidos pelos alunos em relaÃÃo Ãs mudanÃas relacionadas ao ingresso no Ensino Superior se assemelham aos do senso comum, isto Ã, nÃo estÃo baseados nos fundamentos que norteiam a elaboraÃÃo da polÃtica de cotas, o que os levam a um posicionamento favorÃvel Ãs cotas sociais e a uma rejeiÃÃo Ãs cotas raciais, por acreditarem promover o acirramento do preconceito, dissociando a questÃo Ãtnico-racial dos fatores histÃricos, econÃmicos e sociais. Vemos, a partir dos resultados, a necessidade de se pensar em formas de divulgaÃÃo e debate sobre as cotas para os alunos de Ensino MÃdio, para que os mesmos compreendam o significado histÃrico e polÃtico de sua implementaÃÃo e possam se empoderar de seus direitos / This dissertation has as objective to analyze the meaning of Affirmative Action Policity â Quota System for adolescents and young people from public schools in Fortaleza, who declared themselves as African descendants, from the changes in access to public university process. The methodology is qualitative approach, using Focus Group with students from a school in which the students have shown greater knowledge about the Affirmative Action Policity, based on the analysis of responses to a questionnaire, applied on 464 students which participated the survey âExpectativas de futuro de jovens negros do Ensino MÃdio de escolas pÃblicas de fortaleza: implicaÃÃes da implantaÃÃo do Sistema de Cotas no CearÃâ (2014-2015). The material registered in the focus group had been interpreted based on the analysis of Bakhtinâs Speech coming from the linguistic theory and the Cultural History that is based on the assumption of language as a dialogical process and producer of human subjectivity. The understanding of the meanings and the sense constructed by subjects in relation to their educational future against of the deployment of the quota system, as well as the regards issues related to ethnic identity had been valorized. Was departed, then the assumption that new meanings was produced by theses students about access to higher education as they know the opportunities arising from the affirmative actionâs policy for expanding the admission of black students in higher education. With the Focus Group, we conclude that students demonstrated do not have a meaningfully differentiated knowledge of the Quota System, understanding superficially how it works and the changes it can bring to your entrances in higher education, but not empowering as protagonists of these rights or understanding more deeply of the system implementation reasons. Thus, the significance and the meanings produced by the students regarding the changes related to entrance to the higher education resemble those of common sense, i.e. they are not based on fundamentals that guide the elaboration of the quota policy, which take them to a favorable position to the social quotas and to a rejection of racial quotas, because they believe that the racial one will promote the intensification of prejudice, dissociating the ethnic-racial issue of historical, economic and social factor. We see based on the results the necessity of thinking ways of dissemination and discussion of quotas for students in high school, order to give them the understanding of the historical and political significance of its implementation and they can empower the rights, not moving away from a policy that is being done to the students themselves.

Este estudo versa sobre os negros das camadas médias paulistanas. Analisa a identidade de classe a partir da autoclassificação e do modo como o conceito de classes sociais é construído pelos interlocutores. A intenção é instituir uma analogia com as categorias elaboradas pelos cientistas sociais. Examina o estilo de vida, utilizando como referência o consumo material e simbólico. Desta forma, busca a especificidade do grupo em relação a gostos e preferências. Problematiza a questão da identidade racial a começar pela auto-identificação quanto à raça e classe, além de analisar quais são os fatores utilizados como referência para a construção da idéia de pertencimento étnico. Investiga as representações sociais dos negros de classe média, isto é, busca compreender como estes percebem a sociedade, a imagem que fazem de si mesmos e como julgam ser avaliados pela sociedade global. / This study is about São Paulos black middle class population. It seeks to analyse class identity from the subjects point of view: focusing, in the one hand, on the way in which the subjects classify themselves and, on the other, on how the class concept is formulated by them, drawing an analogy between this concept and those conceived by social scientists. In order to realise this aim, this study examines the blacks lifestyle, using their material and symbolic consumption as a reference. Along with this analysis, the study also questions the racial identity, as experimented by the subjects, considering both the subjects racial and social self classification and the factors used as a reference to the idea of being part of an ethnic group. This study investigates the black middle class social representation, that is to say, it seeks to understand how this population perceive their society, what is the image the blacks have of themselves and, according to their opinion, which is the opinion the encompassing society have upon them.

Orientador: Lidia Maria Vianna Possas / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como tema central o reconhecimento da negritude feminina por meio do Ensino de Sociologia, em uma perspectiva interseccional entre raça e gênero. Para tanto, considera-se que as dimensões do racismo, a desigualdade de gênero e aos padrões construídos em torno desta, constituem entraves para que o processo de identificação de jovens negras seja tardio. Para melhor problematizar esse fenômeno social, foi realizada a aplicação e análise de entrevistas semiestruturadas com jovens negras estudantes do Ensino Médio relacionadas ao método de pesquisa etnográfica, a fim de analisar como as relações sociais desse público repercute no ambiente escolar. Os dados coletados evidenciaram que, de fato, raça e gênero são marcadores sociais que se correlacionam e produzem problemáticas na construção da identidade étnico-racial de jovens negras em decorrência das opressões que se desdobram na realidade social desse público. No ambiente escolar, essas jovens ainda vivenciam as dimensões do racismo e a desigualdade de gênero, inclusive por parte do senso comum dos(as) educadores(as) que pouco problematizam esses fenômenos sociais e, consequentemente, os naturalizam. Desse modo, interseccionalidade representa um pressuposto primordial para que, por meio do Ensino de Sociologia, o reconhecimento da negritude feminina ocorra de forma menos tardia e as problemáticas de raça e gênero sejam debatidas de forma crítica em sala de aula. Os principais objetivos da pesquisa consisti... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study has as its central theme the recognition of female blackness through the Teaching of Sociology, in an intersectional perspective between race and gender. Therefore, it is considered that the dimensions of racism, gender inequality and the standards built around it, constitute obstacles for the process of identifying young black women to be late. To better problematize this social phenomenon, semi-structured interviews with young black high school students related to the ethnographic research method were applied and analyzed, in order to analyze how the social relations of this public affects the school environment. The data collected showed that, in fact, race and gender are social markers that correlate and produce problems in the construction of the ethnic-racial identity of young black women as a result of the oppressions that unfold in the social reality of this public. In the school environment, these young women still experience the dimensions of racism and gender inequality, including on the part of the common sense of educators who do little to problematize these social phenomena and, consequently, naturalize them. In this way, intersectionality represents a primordial assumption so that, through the Teaching of Sociology, the recognition of female blackness occurs less late and the issues of race and gender are discussed critically in the classroom. The main objectives of the research were to expand the debate on intersectionality with the Teaching of Soci... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The current research recruited 200 college students from the University of North Texas to explore the direct and indirect effects of familial ethnic-racial socialization on selected psychosocial variables (i.e., general self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and psychological distress) via ethnic-racial identity variables: exploration, affirmation, and resolution. The results indicated that cultural socialization from family predicted life satisfaction via exploration and resolution, predicted general self-efficacy via affirmation and resolution, and predicted psychological distress via affirmation. Additionally, patterns between exploration, affirmation, and resolution were explored through cluster analyses, and six ethnic-racial identity clusters were identified. The amount of familial ethnic-socialization and general self-efficacy reported by participants varied significantly among the identified ethnic-racial identity clusters. Implications of the findings for therapeutic interventions, university programs, and ethnic-racial identity measurement as well as limitations and future research directions are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between racial identity development and career thoughts for Black seniors at an urban high school. The available population was 557 Black senior students at a high school in Orange County, Florida. With respect to this population, socioeconomic status, influences on career interest, parental level of education, parental occupations, post-secondary intentions, and plans to take the SAT or ACT were some of the specific demographic variables that were analyzed. Results from a variety of simple regression analyses revealed significant positive relationships between Black seniors' perceptions of their racial identity development and their career thoughts. By way of simple regression analysis, the five variables (domains) of the Black Racial Identity Attitude Scale were analyzed in relation to the three variables (domains) of the Career Thoughts Inventory and demographic variables. With the exception of the internalization stage of Black racial identity development, statistically significant relationships were found between each of the stages of Black racial identity development (preencounter, encounter, and immersion /emersion) and the measures of the Career Thoughts Inventory (decision making confusion, external conflict, commitment anxiety). Results of the data suggest that individuals in the preencounter, encounter, and immersion /emersion stages of Black racial identity development will have moderate to high scores with respect to decision making confusion, external conflict, commitment anxiety, and negative career thoughts overall. In other words, the less developed one's racial identity, the greater the likelihood of a higher degree of negative thoughts about career and career choice. As well, the results, for the most part, supported the proposed hypotheses. This initial investigation should be replicated using a large sample size and other statistical analyses in order to ascertain more and in order to more accurately determine the nature of the relationship between racial identity development and career development for Blacks.

This study investigated how the image of Black criminality in the media affects the racial identity and emotions of Blacks. It also examined how the image of White criminality affects the racial identity and emotions of Whites as a point of comparison. These effects were studied through the lens of self-categorization theory and inter-group emotions theory. SCT posits that a person*s biases are a result of how relevant their social identity is to their self-concept. IET posits that the emotions a person feels are derived from the social group they belong to. This study analyzed 369 responses from participants who were presented with Twitter news pages that presented all Black crime stories, all White crime stories, or negative (no race) stories. Findings showed that both Blacks and Whites decreased self-categorization with their race after viewing same-race criminality news stories. It also found that emotions were affected by content of the newsfeed. Lastly, the study found significant differences in self-categorization based on level of identification.

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