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This dissertation traces the emergence of the air raid shelter as the paradigmatic architecture of air defense under the Nationalist Party government in China during the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–1945). More broadly, it explores how air defense in general became an integral technology for the Nationalists’ “war of resistance and reconstruction” (kangzhan jianguo), a fascist project derived from total war, the globally circulating military-political idea that modern wars would enlist the entire populations and economies of nations in warfare while subjecting national populations and infrastructures to equally comprehensive violence. The Nationalists joined the world in confronting aerial bombing after the Empire of Japan bombed Shanghai in 1932. In response, the government and its military constructed air defense, a political and technological complex combining mass mobilization, through air raid drills and air defense organizations, with material technologies, like searchlights, anti-aircraft guns, and bomb shelters. The Nationalists found in air defense more than a military technology. To them, it also offered a set of tools and resources for fortifying their flailing attempts to unite China in a common national project, and even recasting the substance of that project. Air defense could forge a new society that invested all Chinese people in war as a necessary precondition for overcoming China’s colonial subjection. Where democratic institutions collapsed and appeals to common heritage and customs failed, the Nationalists used air defense to turn survival (shengcun) into the bedrock value of the national community. Meanwhile, a group of young architects associated with the journal Xin jianzhu in Canton identified air defense as an organizing problem for the nascent professional field of architecture. Rather than the stale historicism endorsed in Nanjing, and against China’s craft building traditions, the group championed modernist architecture, especially the International Style, whose principles of simplicity, functionalism, and rationality they saw as necessary for building modern, industrial, and hygienic Chinese cities capable of enhancing human life. Moreover, they argued that the technological instrumentality informing modernism made it the only style capable of preserving Chinese cities and people from modern threats like bombing. After the fall of Canton in 1938, members of the group took their mission to Chongqing, where they joined the Nationalist government in building air defenses in the wartime capital. In particular, this dissertation argues that the air raid shelter and air defense focused contradictions in the Nationalists’ fascist project for uniting and revolutionizing China as it traveled to Chongqing following the Nationalist escape from Japan’s invasion of the coast. Over the course of the War of Resistance, the principal technology of air defense shifted away from mass mobilization, as the Nationalists came to administer refugees and displaced people they had never governed before, and became located in infrastructure like city plans and air raid shelters. Air defense served to exclude surplus populations like women and the elderly, rendered redundant according to the state’s wartime needs for industrial production and conscripts, by dispersing them in satellite settlements outside the city, from which they constantly returned in search of work or material goods. Shoddy air raid shelters, in the meantime, revealed the fragile biology of real bodies beneath the fascist fantasy of the heroic political subject, as shelters failed to provide for basic needs like respiration. Over time, these two problems collided, as the state closed shelters in the city to dispersed people, exposing surplus populations to bombing, while civilians also languished in shelters that could still kill them. The goal of building national unity through survival collapsed into a confusion of inclusion and exclusion, life and death, with disastrous results, like the asphyxiation of around one thousand people in Chongqing’s largest public air raid shelter in June 1941. In these circumstances, professionals like the Cantonese architects and new state regulatory bodies produced proposals and standards for building better shelters, offering a technological resolution of air defense’s political contradictions and consolidating the transformation of air defense into a technical expertise.

This dissertation traces the emergence of the air raid shelter as the paradigmatic architecture of air defense under the Nationalist Party government in China during the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–1945). More broadly, it explores how air defense in general became an integral part of the Nationalists’ “war of resistance and reconstruction” (kangzhan jianguo), a fascist project derived from total war, the globally circulating military-political idea holding that modern warfare would enlist entire nations and their economies in war while also subjecting them to comprehensive enemy violence. The Nationalists joined the world in confronting aerial bombing after the Empire of Japan bombed Shanghai in 1932. In response, the government and its military constructed air defense, a political and technological complex combining mass mobilization, through air raid drills and air defense organizations, with material technologies, like searchlights, anti-aircraft guns, and bomb shelters. The Nationalists found in air defense more than a military technology. To them, it also offered a set of tools and resources for fortifying their flailing attempts to unite China in a common national project, and even recasting the substance of that project. Air defense could forge a new society that invested all Chinese people in war as a necessary precondition for overcoming China’s colonial subjection. Where democratic institutions collapsed and appeals to common heritage and customs failed, the Nationalists used air defense to turn survival (shengcun) into the bedrock value of the national community. Meanwhile, a group of young architects associated with the journal Xin jianzhu in Canton identified air defense as an organizing problem for the nascent professional field of architecture. Rather than the stale historicism endorsed in Nanjing, and against China’s craft building traditions, the group championed modernist architecture, especially the International Style, whose principles of simplicity, functionalism, and rationality they saw as necessary for building modern, industrial, and hygienic Chinese cities capable of enhancing human life. Moreover, they argued that the technological instrumentality informing modernism made it the only style capable of preserving Chinese cities and people from modern threats like bombing. After the fall of Canton in 1938, members of the group took their mission to Chongqing, where they joined the Nationalist government in building air defenses in the wartime capital. In particular, this dissertation argues that the air raid shelter and air defense focused contradictions in the Nationalists’ fascist project for uniting and revolutionizing China as it traveled to Chongqing following the Nationalist escape from Japan’s invasion of the coast. Over the course of the war, the principal technology of air defense shifted away from mass mobilization, as the Nationalists came to administer refugees and displaced people they had never governed before, and became located in infrastructure like city plans and air raid shelters. Air defense served to exclude surplus populations like women and the elderly, rendered redundant according to the state’s wartime needs for industrial production and conscripts, by dispersing them in satellite settlements outside the city, from which they constantly returned in search of work or material goods. Shoddy air raid shelters, in the meantime, revealed the fragile biology of real bodies beneath the fascist fantasy of the heroic political subject, as shelters failed to provide for basic needs like respiration. Over time, these two problems collided, as the state closed shelters in the city to dispersed people, exposing surplus populations to bombing, while civilians also languished in shelters that could still kill them. The goal of building national unity through survival collapsed into a confusion of inclusion and exclusion, life and death, with disastrous results, like the asphyxiation of around one thousand people in Chongqing’s largest public air raid shelter in June 1941. In these circumstances, professionals like the Cantonese architects and new state regulatory bodies produced proposals and standards for building better shelters, attempting a technical resolution of air defense’s political contradictions and consolidating the transformation of air defense into a primarily technological discipline.

Due to the usage of complicated platforms and current high-performance space computing technology, onboard processing in small satellites is expanding. Space-cloud payload processors with Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components, that are required to be radiation-tolerant, are used to perform the onboard processing. In this thesis, the research will aim to increase the dependability of a generic space-cloud payload processor through its Solid State Drive (SSD) storage unit. To achieve this, a more dependable NAND-flash-based SSD Redundant Array of Independent Disc (RAID) storage system is designed and tested. The reliability of NAND-flash-based SSDs can suffer wear-outs due to increased Program/Erase (P/E) cycles, making them more prone to radiation effects. These radiation effects are considered non-destructive events in the form of bit errors (both single bit-flip and multiple bit-flips). Therefore, making the storage system more dependable involves increasing its reliability against non-destructive events and developing analytical models that account for the considered dynamic of the SSD RAID. The challenge that comes with achieving the aim of this thesis is twofold. First, to explore different RAID levels such that a combination of RAID levels can be incorporated into one SSD for better reliability than a RAID-1 setup. Hence, in this thesis, a RAID array of several SSDs is not considered. Furthermore, the combinations of RAID levels need to account for mixed-critical data. Second, to demonstrate, via simulation and analytical models, the impact on the reliability of the storage system. A comparison study is also undertaken due to the support that the Fourth Extended (Ext4) file system or Zettabyte File System (ZFS) may give to enhance the storage system, and since little research exists that compares the file systems in some feature categories. The solution is a RAID-5 + 6 storage system that is Error Detection And Correction (EDAC) protected by Hamming codes and Reed Solomon (RS) codes. Low-critical data is stored using RAID-5 whereas high-critical data is stored using RAID-6. The simulation of the storage system proves that low-critical stripes of data achieve single fault tolerance whereas high-critical stripes of data tolerate a maximum of 5-bit burst errors. In parallel, several Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC) models are analysed, which show that the proposed solution is indeed highly reliable. The comparison study is carried out in a systematic way, and the findings are established as substantial,i.e., ZFS provides greater storage system support. In summary, the results of creating the storage system and analysing it suggest that incorporating RAID-5 and RAID-6 offers better SSD RAID reliability than RAID-1. / Användningen av komplicerade plattformar och aktuell högpresterande rymdberäkningsteknik expanderar onboard-processing i små satelliter. Space-Cloud lösningar med kommersiellt tillgängliga komponenter som är toleranta mot strålningar i rymden används för att utföra onboard-processing. I detta examensarbete syftar forskningen till att förbättra tillförlitligheten hos en generisk rymd dator genom dess SSD-lagringsenhet. För att uppnå detta har ett mer tillförlitligt lagringssystem bestående av NAND-flash och RAID designats och testats. Tillförlitligheten hos NAND-flash-baserade SSD:er kan försämras då dessa kan drabbas av slitage på grund av ökade P/E cykler, vilket gör dem mer benägna för strålningseffekter. Dessa strålningseffekter anses vara icke-destruktiva i form av bit-fel (både enskilda bit-flippar och flera bit-flippar). Med denna anledning görs lagringssystemet mer tillförlitligt för att tolerera icke-destruktiva händelser. Utöver detta, utvecklas analytiska modeller som tar hänsyn till den betraktade dynamiken i SSD RAID. Utmaningen som följer med att uppnå syftet med denna avhandling är tvådelad. För det första, för att utforska olika RAID-nivåer så att en kombination av RAID-nivåer kan inkorporeras i en SSD för bättre tillförlitlighet än RAID-1. Således övervägs inte en RAID-array av flera SSD:er i denna avhandling. Dessutom måste kombinationerna av RAID-nivåer ta hänsyn till data av olika kritikalitet. För det andra, för att genom simulering och analytiska modeller indikera påverkan på lagringssystemets tillförlitlighet. En jämförelsestudie genomförs också på grund av stödet som filsystemen Ext4 eller ZFS kan ge för att förbättra lagringssystemet och eftersom det finns lite forskning som jämför filsystemen i några funktionella kategorier. Lösningen baseras på ett RAID-5+6 lagringssystem som är skyddat av Hamming-koder och RS koder för att upptäcka fel och korrigera dem. Lågkritisk data lagras med RAID-5 medan högkritisk data lagras med RAID-6. Simuleringen av lagringssystemet visar att lågkritiska datasektioner uppnår en fel tolerans mot enskilda bit-flippar medan högkritiska datasektioner kan tåla maximalt 5 bit-flippar. Samtidigt analyseras flera CTMC modeller som visar att den föreslagna lösningen verkligen är mycket tillförlitlig. Jämförelsestudien utförs på ett systematiskt sätt och resultaten fastställs som betydande, det vill säga att ZFS ger större stöd för lagringssystemet. Sammanfattningsvis antyder resultaten av att skapa lagringssystemet och analysera det att inkorporering av RAID-5 och RAID-6 erbjuder bättre tillförlitlighet för SSD RAID än RAID-1.

Gen. John Adams Dix, the Union commander of the Department of Maryland, wrote in an 1861 letter to Francis Blair of President Lincoln's administration that "we are in the most danger on the Eastern Shore [of Virginia]." Dix did not exaggerate when he implied that Accomac and Northampton County embodied secessionist sentiment on the Delmarva Peninsula in 1861. Dix knew that the Eastern Shore of Virginia, the most southern region of Delmarva, heavily influenced its neighbors to the north. If it made a strong demonstration in favor of the Confederacy, the Eastern Shore of Maryland might go spiraling toward secession. It could also decrease Union sentiment and progress in lower Delaware. With this in mind, Dix decided to make a preemptive strike on the Eastern Shore of Virginia in late 1861. Although this campaign describes only part of the question that this thesis entails it embodies the overarching importance of what occurred in the area.¹ 1. Delmarva is a modern connotation denoting the peninsula made up by parts of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. Susie M. Ames, "Federal Policy Toward the Eastern Shore of Virginia." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 69 (1961) : 432-459. / Master of Arts

多人角色扮演線上遊戲內是否有領導力？若有，這種能力如何培養、展現與有效實踐？本研究期待藉由探索魔獸世界公會團隊隊長(Raid Leader，簡稱RL)的遊戲歷程，探究線上遊戲如何可能成為形塑領導能力的場域，並分析此領導力應用於現實世界的機會與限制。 / 以線上遊戲「魔獸世界」為觀察環境，從RL在遊戲裡的日常工作、與他人相處、副本經歷到追求集體目標的過程，了解RL如何帶領玩家獲得成就感及形成影響力。擁有深遠故事背景、明確角色定位、任務導向及短中長期目標的「魔獸世界」正好提供良好的虛擬試煉空間，讓玩家組隊挑戰副本空間，讓玩家在自由組隊及各種征戰練習中，以團隊的力量尋找解答與達成擊敗魔王的目標。投入條件不斷變化的副本環境獲得利益與經驗等級，此過程所產生的情感與經濟的交換，使玩家間的關係變得複雜，也增加玩家對遊戲的黏著度，線上遊戲不但塑造出新的交友管道，更可能追引出新的管理模式與領袖培養機制。 / 本研究透過不同年齡與社會歷練之RL深度訪談，加上公會論壇的內容分析，察知在管理公會事務與副本征戰過程中的RL，將會於實踐遊戲目標之際建立自信與玩家間的信賴關係，並逐步形塑其領導力。此歷程中發現之策略運用、資源交換等遊戲技能；風險承擔與情緒管理等服務態度與合作分享等人格特質，與Drucker與Senge提出的領導力特質不謀而合，玩家將遊戲裡所獲得的心得分析、重組、整合，並把遊戲中與朋友相處的法則與解決問題的方式轉化及複製為現實社會裡的應用知識，線上遊戲除了可形塑創造願景、審時度勢、協調利益、嘗試創新、激勵賦能等領導者能力，可轉換至現實社會或不適宜轉換但可引以為戒的反向思考與限制也將一併於本研究中呈現。 / Is leadership really existent amongst on-line games? If so, how can those players develop, display or effectively practice their leadership when playing games? Then what will this capability affect or contribute to the virtual environment and our physical social context after players possess it? In order to answer these questions, this research has examined the character Raid leader or RL in on-line game, the World of Warcraft, investigated the forming process of his leadership and explored the ways in which an on-line game has become an arena to train leadership. Based on the World of Warcraft, we have observed RL’s daily routines in the game, the interaction with other players and the process from the dungeon (also called instance) experience to achieve team’s goal pursuit in attempts in order to realize the model of interaction in on-line game as well as the ways in which RL has led all the team member to attain achievements and form their influence. MMORPG with a long storyline, clear role position, mission orientation and different term goals offers an on-line gaming world where designed a series of quizzes and a dungeon for different player communities to challenge. Player can team up with the others, match with one another and conquer difference practices to find the resolution and defeat the monsters (also called Boss) in the dungeon. After campaigning with team members in different personalities and joining continuously changing dungeon environments to gain different bonus and experience levels, players may form a close bond with one another and exchange treasures or information on hand in terms of their economic profit during the game. Furthermore, after having some intensive interviews with RLs who are at different ages and having their own social experience in the real society as well as the analysis of the context in the guild forum, this research has discovered that RLs who manage guild affairs and conquer dungeon will establish their self-confidence and dependence with the other players when achieving the goals in games, and extend his leadership to those players. Those findings from this forming procedure not only agree with the rules to hone leadership asserted by Drucker and Senge in recent years and the characteristics but also drew forth a team dynamics force to on-line player communities and a new mass movement that may influence the social impression or educational direction in the future. By means of daily play of on-line games, players analyzed, re-organized and integrated their own feedback from the games, and involuntarily transferred the ways to get along with friends in games and to solve questions to tacit knowledge to manage the real society. In addition to the search for the vision formed in on-line games and the characteristics of leadership as consideration of the situation, co-ordination of the profits on hand, attempt to innovate and ability to stimulate talents, some changeable key points, mechanism or limitation to the real society or unchangeable but referring points will also be presented in this research.

<p>Угледна грађанска породица Ћирић из Сремских Карловаца изнедрила је неколико изузетних интелектуалаца. Они су својом делатношћу &ndash; духовном, политичком и културном &ndash; оставили значајног трага у историји српског народа у другој половини 19. и првој половини 20. века. Њени најистакнутији представници били су: др Исидор Ћирић (1844-1983), народно-црквени и патријаршијски секретар, Милан Ћирић (1845-1931), новосадски окружни протопрезвитер, затим Иринеј<br />Ћирић (1884-1955), епископ тимочки и бачки, и Стеван Ћирић (1886-1955), министар просвете и председник Народне скупштине Краљевине Југославије.<br />У раду је представљена делатност најзначајнијих чланова породице који су, поред широког образовања, имали и различита интересовања. Исидор Ћирић је преко две деценије био на највишем чиновничком положају у Карловачкој митрополији, али је истовремено био и члан Српског народно-црквеног сабора, као и посланик на Хрватском и Угарском сабору. Био је активан на књижевном пољу и, захваљујући томе, изабран је за члана Књижевног одељења Матице српске. Његов брат Милан је био дугогодишњи прота Саборне цркве и окружни протопрезвитер новосадски. Истовремено је био катихета и члан Патроната Новосадске гимназије, као и члан бројних епархијских тела. Највише простора у раду посвећено је епископу тимочком и бачком Иринеју, чија је делатност у међународним црквеним покретима, као представника Српске православне цркве у периоду између два светска рата, од изузетног значаја и до сада готово неистражена. Његова улога током Другог светског рата, када је покренуо и водио акцију спасавања више хиљада деце, мајки са одојчадима и старијих из логора Шарвар, као и у отварању Дечје болнице у Новом Саду, била је од пресудног значаја. Стеван Ћирић је активно учествовао у политичком животу Краљевине Југославије у периоду од 1934. до 1939, као министар просвете и председник Народне скупштине. Био је изузетно ангажован у раду Интерпарламентарне уније и Интерпарламентарне Мале Антанте. Истовремено је био председник Југословенског шаховског савеза, члан Матице српске, Ротари клуба и многих других удружења.<br />Кроз историју породице Ћирић може се сагледати и друштво у целини у одређеном историјском периоду. Породица Ћирић је добар пример угледне грађанске породице која је изнедрила неколико значајних личности које су заузимале важне положаје у друштву.</p> / <p>Ugledna građanska porodica Ćirić iz Sremskih Karlovaca iznedrila je nekoliko izuzetnih intelektualaca. Oni su svojom delatnošću &ndash; duhovnom, političkom i kulturnom &ndash; ostavili značajnog traga u istoriji srpskog naroda u drugoj polovini 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka. NJeni najistaknutiji predstavnici bili su: dr Isidor Ćirić (1844-1983), narodno-crkveni i patrijaršijski sekretar, Milan Ćirić (1845-1931), novosadski okružni protoprezviter, zatim Irinej<br />Ćirić (1884-1955), episkop timočki i bački, i Stevan Ćirić (1886-1955), ministar prosvete i predsednik Narodne skupštine Kraljevine Jugoslavije.<br />U radu je predstavljena delatnost najznačajnijih članova porodice koji su, pored širokog obrazovanja, imali i različita interesovanja. Isidor Ćirić je preko dve decenije bio na najvišem činovničkom položaju u Karlovačkoj mitropoliji, ali je istovremeno bio i član Srpskog narodno-crkvenog sabora, kao i poslanik na Hrvatskom i Ugarskom saboru. Bio je aktivan na književnom polju i, zahvaljujući tome, izabran je za člana Književnog odeljenja Matice srpske. NJegov brat Milan je bio dugogodišnji prota Saborne crkve i okružni protoprezviter novosadski. Istovremeno je bio katiheta i član Patronata Novosadske gimnazije, kao i član brojnih eparhijskih tela. Najviše prostora u radu posvećeno je episkopu timočkom i bačkom Irineju, čija je delatnost u međunarodnim crkvenim pokretima, kao predstavnika Srpske pravoslavne crkve u periodu između dva svetska rata, od izuzetnog značaja i do sada gotovo neistražena. NJegova uloga tokom Drugog svetskog rata, kada je pokrenuo i vodio akciju spasavanja više hiljada dece, majki sa odojčadima i starijih iz logora Šarvar, kao i u otvaranju Dečje bolnice u Novom Sadu, bila je od presudnog značaja. Stevan Ćirić je aktivno učestvovao u političkom životu Kraljevine Jugoslavije u periodu od 1934. do 1939, kao ministar prosvete i predsednik Narodne skupštine. Bio je izuzetno angažovan u radu Interparlamentarne unije i Interparlamentarne Male Antante. Istovremeno je bio predsednik Jugoslovenskog šahovskog saveza, član Matice srpske, Rotari kluba i mnogih drugih udruženja.<br />Kroz istoriju porodice Ćirić može se sagledati i društvo u celini u određenom istorijskom periodu. Porodica Ćirić je dobar primer ugledne građanske porodice koja je iznedrila nekoliko značajnih ličnosti koje su zauzimale važne položaje u društvu.</p> / <p>Notable urban family Ćirić from Sremski Karlovci has given several outstanding intellectuals. With their spiritual, political and cultural activities, they left a significant mark in the history of the Serbian people in the second half of 19th century and the first half of 20th century. Its most prominent members were: dr Isidor Ćirić (1844-1893), the Secretary of Patriarchate and the National Church Secretary, Milan Ćirić (1845-1931), Novi Sad county presbyter, Irinej&nbsp; Ćirić (1884-1955), Bishop of Timok and Bishop of Bačka, and Stevan Ćirić (1886-1955), the Minister of Education and the President of the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.<br />This thesis deals with the activities of the most prominent members of the Ćirić family who had shared a variety of interests along with their comprehensive education. Isidor Ćirić held the highest administrative positions in the Metropolitanate of Sremski Karlovci for over two decades, and at the same time, he was a member of the Serbian National and Church Assembly, as well as a member of Croatian and Hungarian Parliament. He was active in the literary field, and for this reason he was chosen to become a member of the Literary Department of Matica Srpska. His brother Milan was a long-term priest of the Assembly Church and Novi Sad county presbyter. At the same time, he was a catechist and a member of the Patronage of Novi Sad Grammar School, as well as a member of numerous eparchial administrative bodies. The biggest section of the thesis is dedicated to Bishop of Timok and Bishop of Bačka, Irinej, whose activity in the international church movements, as the representative of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the period between the two world wars, was immensely important and has been barely investigated so far. He had a key role in the World War Two, when he organized and led the action of saving several thousand children, mothers with infants and the elderly from the concentration camp S&aacute;rv&aacute;r and when he helped the opening of the Children&rsquo;s Hospital Ward in Novi Sad. Stevan Ćirić actively participated in the political life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the period from 1934 to 1939, as the Minister of Education and the President of the National Assembly. He was extremely active in the work of Inter-parliamentary Union and Inter-parliamentary Little Entente. At the same time, he was the president of the Yugoslav Chess Association, a member of Matica Srpska, Rotary Club and many other societies.&nbsp;<br />Throughout the history of the Ćirić family we can get an insight into the life of a society as a whole in a certain historic period. The Ćirić family is a good example of a notable urban family which gave several prominent figures who assumed high positions in the society.</p>

L'analyse quantitative a été réalisée en cotutelle avec Rémi Boivin et Pierre Tremblay et publiée dans la Revue de Criminologie: Boivin, R., Lamige, C,. Tremblay, P. (2009) La police devrait-elle cibler les taudis malfamés? Criminologie, (42)1, 225-266. / Les modèles de police de résolution de problèmes et de police communautaire sont souvent présentés en opposition l’un de l’autre. Ce mémoire présente l’évaluation d’une intervention policière réunissant des éléments des modèles mentionnés précédemment et ayant pour objectif de mettre fin au foyer de désordre causé par la présence d’un immeuble de location de chambres. Les analyses reposent à la fois sur une évaluation qualitative et quantitative des interventions communautaires et policières réalisées dans cet édifice surnommé le « Motel ». Les résultats des entretiens réalisés auprès d’organismes communautaires, de policiers et de citoyens du quartier ont permis de mieux comprendre les étapes de cette opération policière et communautaire. Ils ont également permis de connaître le mode de fonctionnement relatif au rachat d’un immeuble par une administration municipale de même que d’en mesurer l’impact d’un point de vue préventif. Les résultats obtenus ont également permis de saisir l’importance des maisons de chambres pour certains locataires « démunis » de ce quartier, mais aussi la réputation qui en découle. La méthode de gestion de ce genre d’immeubles possède une étroite corrélation avec le type de locataires présents. Une analyse de terrain effectuée trois ans après l’opération a rendu possible l’identification du type de problèmes dont souffrent la majorité des locataires de maisons de chambres à gestion privée. Dans ce cas-ci, il s’agit de problèmes reliés à la santé mentale. Les résultats de l’évaluation quantitative ont quant à eux révélé qu’un régime de patrouille intensive favorise la stimulation de la fréquence des appels logés au 9-1-1 par les citoyens et que la stratégie de profiler un taudis de mauvaise réputation pour faire diminuer les désordres dans l’ensemble du quartier n’a pas été, dans le site observé, particulièrement concluante. / Models of problem-oriented policing and community policing are often shown in opposition to each other. This thesis presents an evaluation of a police crackdown, combining elements of the above mentioned models and aimed at ending disorder outbreaks caused by tenants of a troublesome flophouse. Analyses are based on both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of community and police interventions conducted in a building known as the "Motel". Results obtained through discussions with community organizations, police and neighbourhood residents have lead to better understanding the phases of this police and community operation. They also provided the operation mode on property buyback by a municipal administration and assessed its impact by means of a preventive perspective. The results also helped to acknowledge the importance of flophouses for a number of helpless tenants in this district, but also the reputation that follows. The management process for this category of building is in close correlation with the type of tenants who live there. A field analysis, conducted three years after the operation, has made it possible to identify the type of problems afflicting the majority of tenants living in flophouses that are privately managed. In this case, the problems are linked to mental health. Results of the quantitative evaluation have demonstrated that intensive patrol surveillance increases residents’ propensity to place 9-1-1 calls and the strategy to reduce disorder in the general neighbourhood by targeting notorious slums has not been particularly conclusive on the site observed.

Im Fokus der vorliegenden Studie steht die Position zweier historischer Ereignisse der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus in der lokalen Erinnerungskultur Dresdens: zum einen die Novemberpogrome des Jahres 1938, zum anderen der alliierte Luftkrieg gegen deutsche Städte. Für den Untersuchungszeitraum von 1945 bis 1990 werden dabei das gesamte Spektrum der staatlichen, kirchlichen und unabhängigen Erinnerungsakteure, deren jeweilige Praxis und ihr Verhältnis zueinander auf Basis lokaler und regionaler Archivalien und Presseerzeugnisse vermessen.

Les modèles de police de résolution de problèmes et de police communautaire sont souvent présentés en opposition l’un de l’autre. Ce mémoire présente l’évaluation d’une intervention policière réunissant des éléments des modèles mentionnés précédemment et ayant pour objectif de mettre fin au foyer de désordre causé par la présence d’un immeuble de location de chambres. Les analyses reposent à la fois sur une évaluation qualitative et quantitative des interventions communautaires et policières réalisées dans cet édifice surnommé le « Motel ». Les résultats des entretiens réalisés auprès d’organismes communautaires, de policiers et de citoyens du quartier ont permis de mieux comprendre les étapes de cette opération policière et communautaire. Ils ont également permis de connaître le mode de fonctionnement relatif au rachat d’un immeuble par une administration municipale de même que d’en mesurer l’impact d’un point de vue préventif. Les résultats obtenus ont également permis de saisir l’importance des maisons de chambres pour certains locataires « démunis » de ce quartier, mais aussi la réputation qui en découle. La méthode de gestion de ce genre d’immeubles possède une étroite corrélation avec le type de locataires présents. Une analyse de terrain effectuée trois ans après l’opération a rendu possible l’identification du type de problèmes dont souffrent la majorité des locataires de maisons de chambres à gestion privée. Dans ce cas-ci, il s’agit de problèmes reliés à la santé mentale. Les résultats de l’évaluation quantitative ont quant à eux révélé qu’un régime de patrouille intensive favorise la stimulation de la fréquence des appels logés au 9-1-1 par les citoyens et que la stratégie de profiler un taudis de mauvaise réputation pour faire diminuer les désordres dans l’ensemble du quartier n’a pas été, dans le site observé, particulièrement concluante. / Models of problem-oriented policing and community policing are often shown in opposition to each other. This thesis presents an evaluation of a police crackdown, combining elements of the above mentioned models and aimed at ending disorder outbreaks caused by tenants of a troublesome flophouse. Analyses are based on both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of community and police interventions conducted in a building known as the "Motel". Results obtained through discussions with community organizations, police and neighbourhood residents have lead to better understanding the phases of this police and community operation. They also provided the operation mode on property buyback by a municipal administration and assessed its impact by means of a preventive perspective. The results also helped to acknowledge the importance of flophouses for a number of helpless tenants in this district, but also the reputation that follows. The management process for this category of building is in close correlation with the type of tenants who live there. A field analysis, conducted three years after the operation, has made it possible to identify the type of problems afflicting the majority of tenants living in flophouses that are privately managed. In this case, the problems are linked to mental health. Results of the quantitative evaluation have demonstrated that intensive patrol surveillance increases residents’ propensity to place 9-1-1 calls and the strategy to reduce disorder in the general neighbourhood by targeting notorious slums has not been particularly conclusive on the site observed. / L'analyse quantitative a été réalisée en cotutelle avec Rémi Boivin et Pierre Tremblay et publiée dans la Revue de Criminologie: Boivin, R., Lamige, C,. Tremblay, P. (2009) La police devrait-elle cibler les taudis malfamés? Criminologie, (42)1, 225-266.