Le texte ne pouvant s'achever doit être détruit par le cinéma : tel est notamment l'un des grands principes créateurs de l'œuvre durassienne. Aussi, notre dessein est-il d’étudier l’œuvre de la destruction dans les romans de Marguerite Duras à travers un corpus choisi relativement à des critères explicités, allant de 1943 à 1991 : Moderato Cantabile, Détruire, dit-elle, Le Square, Le Vice-consul… D'abord, nous chercherons s'il existe une véritable entreprise de destruction dans la fiction en déterminant les caractéristiques stylistiques du texte, les grands traits du personnage semblant condamné à la douleur ou au désastre. Mais nous montrerons que la couleur du texte durassien n'est pas aussi sombre qu'elle paraît l'être : le personnage - vu à travers un prisme kojévien et Kierkegaardien - se hissant jusqu'à une certaine transcendance. Puis nous examinerons si l'écriture durassienne est métaphorique de la destruction car accidentée, traversée par la trace pascalienne, très marquée par la répétition, révélant une large empreinte de la perte et du doute. Cela nous interrogera quant à l'écrit durassien qui attenterait à toute littérarité. Enfin, nous étudierons comment s'est opéré le passage du texte au cinéma, en quoi ce texte est métaphorique de la technique cinématographique en général, du signifiant filmique durassien en particulier ; s'il est représentatif du signifié cinématographique durassien et en quoi la fiction est allégorique de l'écriture selon Marguerite Duras. Nous achèverons en questionnant la véritable nature de cette écriture : une simple destruction ? Une œuvre élevant au niveau de l'art un texte que son auteur a voulu "massacrer" ? / The text cannot be completed must be destroyed by the cinema: this is notably one of the great creators of the work durassian principles. Also, it is our intention to study the work of destruction in the novels of Marguerite Duras through a corpus chosen in relation to explicit criteria, ranging from 1943 to 1991: Moderato Cantabile, Destroy, she said, The Square , The Vice-consul ... First, we look for signs of a real extermination will in fiction by determining the stylistic features of the text, the main features of semblance character condemned to pain or disaster. But we will show that the color of durassian text is not as bleak as it seems to be: the character - seen through a prism kojévien and Kierkegaardien - moving up to a certain transcendence. Then we will examine whether the durassian writing is metaphorical destruction as rugged, crossed by Pascal's trace, very marked by repetition, revealing a wide footprint of loss and doubt. This will question us about the writing that durassian attenterait any literariness. Finally, we will study how the transition took place in the cinema of text, how this text is metaphorical film technique in general, the film durassian meaning in particular; it is representative of durassian film meant and what fiction is allegorical writing by Marguerite Duras. We will finish by questioning the true nature of this writing: a simple destruction? A work raising to the level of art a text that the author wanted to "kill" ?

While the Left Behind Corpus may be commended for being an effective tool for evangelism, the question arises of whether or not its themes engender a theology of extermination, indeed a creeping crusade; “creeping” in the sense of it being a movement of stealth and not one of high visibility – “crusade” in the sense of a militaristic movement, similar to that of the medieval crusades. I span my research across three artefacts in the LB Corpus in terms of its embedded interpretation, discourse and ideology; in fact three separate entities for explanatory purposes, but in effect they form a single entity of interaction and cross-production. I am therefore extending many niches of research and critical discourse to what I envisage as the wider context of the LB Corpus: its potential for social construction, and its enigmatic connections with other apocalyptic-driven and crusade-like movements. Based as it is on “consistent literalism,” the LB Corpus can only be countered by an exegetical approach that situates the foundational text for the Left Behind phenomenon, Revelation 7, in its historical setting, while taking cognisance of the particularities of early Christianity, with its Jewish heritage lived out in a Graeco-Roman environment. In offering an alternative reading, I take some cues from Vernon Robbins‟ socio-rhetorical approach and draw from perspectives of theorists across several disciplinary fields in pointing out anomalies in a consistent literalism driven interpretation of Revelation 7. / New Testament / Thesis (D.Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies))

This thesis explores how the Rapture fiction and popular prophecy of modern American premillennial dispensationalism shapes the eschatological beliefs of its readership. This will be accomplished through a text-based critical analysis of the anxiety narratives of the Bible study and exegetical guides of the Tim LaHaye Prophecy Library, and its counterpart, the Left Behind fiction series. This thesis represents the first scholarly analysis of the Tim LaHaye Prophecy Library, and the first situation of Left Behind fiction within its theological context. It will be proposed that these two sets of texts shape the eschatological beliefs of their readers through a discursive ‘streamlining’ that is performed in several ways. Firstly, the historical development of the movement will be examined, exploring the evolution of a specific premillennial dispensationalist hermeneutic and its ‘channelling’ through particular cultural institutions. Secondly, an analysis of the Tim LaHaye Prophecy Library and Left Behind fiction will demonstrate that this premillennial dispensationalist hermeneutic is almost exclusively communicated through anxiety narratives which focus on expressions of horror, isolation, powerlessness and paranoia. It will be argued that these narratives serve to explore ‘abjective’ elements of premillennial dispensationalist belief, re-integrating them into the fabric of the faith. Particular attention will be paid to these abjective elements, which include the role of the eschatological body, the nature of individual salvation, and the perpetual deferment of the Rapture. As such, the popular media of premillennial dispensationalism serves as a further channel for the discursive streamlining of the movement’s prophetic scheme. Finally, this thesis proposes that the ‘deprivation’ theory of millennial appeal does not adequately explain the appeal and success of premillennial dispensationalism. As such, the following analysis will suggest that an alternate critical analysis of the movement, concentrating on its tropes of anxiety, serves to better explain the continued appeal of this ideology.

While the Left Behind Corpus may be commended for being an effective tool for evangelism, the question arises of whether or not its themes engender a theology of extermination, indeed a creeping crusade; “creeping” in the sense of it being a movement of stealth and not one of high visibility – “crusade” in the sense of a militaristic movement, similar to that of the medieval crusades. I span my research across three artefacts in the LB Corpus in terms of its embedded interpretation, discourse and ideology; in fact three separate entities for explanatory purposes, but in effect they form a single entity of interaction and cross-production. I am therefore extending many niches of research and critical discourse to what I envisage as the wider context of the LB Corpus: its potential for social construction, and its enigmatic connections with other apocalyptic-driven and crusade-like movements. Based as it is on “consistent literalism,” the LB Corpus can only be countered by an exegetical approach that situates the foundational text for the Left Behind phenomenon, Revelation 7, in its historical setting, while taking cognisance of the particularities of early Christianity, with its Jewish heritage lived out in a Graeco-Roman environment. In offering an alternative reading, I take some cues from Vernon Robbins‟ socio-rhetorical approach and draw from perspectives of theorists across several disciplinary fields in pointing out anomalies in a consistent literalism driven interpretation of Revelation 7. / New Testament / Thesis (D.Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies))

L’écriture de Clarice Lispector est habitée par une profonde tension vers le ravissement. Ce terme, qui peut correspondre aux mots brésiliens êxtase, enlevo, n’est pas courant au sein du lexique lispectorien ; cependant nous avons choisi de bâtir une problématique à partir des multiples occurrences et figures de marque extatique qui parsèment son œuvre. D’abord le ravissement se déploie en tant que fracture du réel sur le plan de la temporalité : instant qui déchire l’opacité du quotidien en exposant les protagonistes féminines des récits et des romans lispectoriens à un ordre différent du sens et du réel, au-delà du domaine même de la compréhension. La tension déclenchée par la rupture, le (des)encontro, conduit la parole toujours dans un espace qui se situe, dans les termes de Lispector, derrière la pensée. Ce travail explore la possibilité d’aborder certains lieux textuels lispectoriens afin de mettre en lumière la portée et la profonde tension du ravissement, en poursuivant la puissance éminemment non-pensante de l’écriture de Clarice Lispector : son caractère hiéroglyphique. À la lumière de cela, l’œuvre lispectorienne pourra être (re)pensée en tant que tension vers le ne pas savoir, que l’écrivaine désigne dans son texte Água viva (1973) comme « pensée derrière la pensée ». / The writing of Clarice Lispector is inhabited by a deep tension to rapture. This term, which may correspond to the Brazilian words êxtase, enlevo, is not common in the lexicon of Lispector; however, we chose to build a question observing the multiple occurrences of ecstatic figures which belong to her work. First, the rapture unfolds as a fracture in the temporality plan: it tears the opacity of the daily life, exposing the female protagonists of Lispector’s stories and novels to a different order of meaning and of reality, placing them outside the scope of understanding. The tension triggered by this rupture, the (des)encontro, leads the speech into a space that is, in Lispector’s terms, behind the thought. This work explores the possibility of addressing some of Clarice Lispector’s texts to highlight the range and depth of the tension which characterizes rapture, pursuing the highly non-thinking power of the writing of Clarice Lispector: its hieroglyphic character. In this perspective, the work of the Brazilian writer can be (re)thought as a struggle toward the not knowing, to which the writer refers in her text Água Viva (1973) as « thought behind the thought ».

This thesis is an investigation into the discrepancies that exist in textual interpretations within Pentacostalism, in view of the ongoing search for a viable hermeneutic model unique to Pentecostalism. Since its birth, the modern Pentecostal movement has been influenced by many other theological traditions, especially Covenant theology and Dispensationalism. Nevertheless, from this research it becomes clear that Pentecostalists themselves have contributed to the discrepancies by failing to distinguish between biblical passages related to national Israel and those related to the church. It is factual that cultural differences and theological backgrounds influence the interpretations ascribed to Scripture. Yet, this research found that scriptural interpretive discrepancies exist amongst Pentecostalists belonging to the same cultural group and same denomination. This study presents a new perspective on biblical interpretation for Pentecostalism, namely the Mediatorial View, which when consistently applied to all tectual interpretations, most certainly will reduce the number of discrepancies that exist. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)

This thesis is an investigation into the discrepancies that exist in textual interpretations within Pentacostalism, in view of the ongoing search for a viable hermeneutic model unique to Pentecostalism. Since its birth, the modern Pentecostal movement has been influenced by many other theological traditions, especially Covenant theology and Dispensationalism. Nevertheless, from this research it becomes clear that Pentecostalists themselves have contributed to the discrepancies by failing to distinguish between biblical passages related to national Israel and those related to the church. It is factual that cultural differences and theological backgrounds influence the interpretations ascribed to Scripture. Yet, this research found that scriptural interpretive discrepancies exist amongst Pentecostalists belonging to the same cultural group and same denomination. This study presents a new perspective on biblical interpretation for Pentecostalism, namely the Mediatorial View, which when consistently applied to all tectual interpretations, most certainly will reduce the number of discrepancies that exist. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea.pdf: 2250624 bytes, checksum: 33dd44c7d63479272ceb3b537a60e4a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The belief in the rapture of the church is part of a fundamentalist eschatological system that is often called premillennial dispensationalism. Its appearance is noted to start in the XIX century through the teachings of Jonh Nelson Darby, a british evangelical preacher founder of the Plymouth Brethren. His teaching incompass the coming of Christ in two steps. One in secret for the church, taking it to heaven and saving it from seven years of tribulation that will follow, the second, a glorious return at the end of seven years for establishment the millennial kingdom on earth, the teaching of Darby were popularized in the footnotes of the Scofield Reference Bible published in 1909 by Cyrus I. Scofield, and it is still set in the eschatological beliefs of the majority of the evangelical fundamentalist churches, both in the EUA and Brazil. In 2002, the film was produced: Left Behind for portraying this belief as well as its update to recent times. However, further study of this belief exposes its doctrinal construct character in which biblical texts from different perspectives of the old and New Testaments are united to form an eschatological framework about to be fulfilled.(AU) / A crença no arrebatamento da Igreja faz parte de um sistema escatológico fundamentalista que costuma ser chamado de dispensacionalismo pré-milenista. Seu surgimento se dá a partir do século XIX, pelo ensino de John Nelson Darby, um pregador evangélico britânico, fundador dos Irmãos de Plymouth. Seu ensino aguarda a vinda de Cristo em duas etapas: uma, em secreto para a Igreja, há de levá-la ao Céu e poupá-la dos sete anos de tribulação que se seguirão; e outra, num aparecimento glorioso, ao final dos sete anos há de instaurar o reino milenial sobre a terra. O ensino de Darby foi popularizado nas notas de rodapé da Bíblia de Referência Scofield, publicada em 1909 por Cyrus I. Scofield, e ainda hoje se configura na crença escatológica da maioria das igrejas evangélicas fundamentalistas, tanto nos EUA quanto no Brasil. Em 2002 foi produzido o filme: Deixados para Trás que retrata esta crença bem como sua atualização para épocas recentes. Contudo, um estudo mais aprofundado desta crença expõe seu caráter de construto doutrinário, em que textos bíblicos de perspectivas diferentes, do Antigo e do Novo Testamento, são unidos para formar um quadro escatológico em vias de se cumprir.(AU)

L’objet de cette thèse est de montrer, dans un corpus français compris entre 1601 et 1675, que l’extase est employée comme la condition du sens de ces discours. La première partie, qui porte sur la fin de l’extase mystique, vise à répondre aux besoins préliminaires d’une définition de l’extase au XVIIe siècle, afin de disposer des outils lexicaux, notionnels et historiques pour mener à bien la recherche poétique. Sont précisés le lexique de l’extase, les conséquences induites par la transformation d’un principe métaphysique en un phénomène humain, et la situation de l’extase face au discernement spirituel qui a abouti à sa faillite. La deuxième partie, qui est consacrée aux récits d’extases, permet de mesurer les conséquences poétiques des premières conclusions, en distinguant la poétique narrative de deux objets qui se trouvent à l’un et l’autre bout des mutations de l’extase au cours du siècle, à savoir l’extase visionnaire dans la Vie de Thérèse d’Avila et l’extase devenue invisible dans les relations spirituelles de Claudine Moine. Ces deux extases sont traitées comme des objets sémiotiques, dont les procédures narratives posent à la narration un problème d’ordre temporel qui a pour effet de faire échec au récit de sainteté que Thérèse d’Avila entend mener, et de rendre impossible dans les écrits de Claudine Moine la conjonction du sujet de l’histoire racontée avec le sujet de la narration. Enfin, la troisième partie traite de l’énonciation de l’extase dans un corpus principalement poétique. Elle isole les figures historiques employées pour représenter une telle énonciation, précise la façon dont l’affectivité extatique s’articule à la parole, et éclaire l’incidence de l’économie affective de sujet extasié sur les modes de figuration objective de l’extase. / This dissertation aims to show, through an analysis of a French corpus dating from 1601 to 1675, that ecstasy is used as the condition of the meaning of these speeches. The first part, which focuses on the end of mystical ecstasy, seeks to meet the primary needs of a definition of ecstasy in the 17th century, in order to gather the lexical, notional and historical tools for poetical research. It clarifies the lexicon of ecstasy, shows the results of the transformation of a metaphysical principle into a human phenomenon, and explains the situation of mystical ecstasy facing the discernment of spirits that led to its fall. The second part, which focuses on the narratives of ecstasy, allows to evaluate the poetical consequences of the previous conclusions. It distinguishes indeed between the narrative poetics of two objects located on both ends of the mutations of ecstasy during the century: the visionary ecstasy in the Life of Teresa of Avila, and the invisible ecstasy in the spiritual relations of Claudine Moine. These two kinds of ecstasies are considered as semiotic objects, whose procedures result in a temporal problem: ecstasy stymies the narrative of holiness that Teresa of Avila intends to tell, and hinders the identification between the subject of the story and the subject of the narration in Claudine Moine’s writings. Finally, the third part deals with the enunciation of ecstasy in a corpus that is mainly poetical. It isolates the historical figures that are used to represent this enunciation, specifies how the ecstatic emotions are linked to verbal expression, and determines the impact of the ecstatic subject’s emotional economy on the objective modes of figuration of ecstasy.

À travers l’analyse d’une quinzaine de pièces issues du répertoire contemporain (1991-2017), cette étude vise à penser la dynamique du ravissement à l’œuvre dans les écritures dramatiques pour rendre compte d’un réel catastrophique. Plutôt que déplier des situations par le biais d’outils de distanciation critiques, elles opèrent un mouvement qui suspend le sens des gestes des protagonistes, ravit la possibilité de leur compréhension pour mieux enchanter le réel. L’échappée s’opère par le négatif pour faire surgir l’espoir à partir du désespoir. Ce mouvement paradoxal qui fait de la défaite la brèche par laquelle inquiéter la tyrannie de la réalité peut se penser comme passage d’une situation de sidération à une fascination qui dessine une ligne de fuite vers un point d’utopie. Le ravissement, à partir notamment de la pensée de Maurice Blanchot, Georges Didi-Huberman et Roland Barthes, peut être conçu comme échappée d’un réel insaisissable qui fait de l’ignorance le site d’une réinvention du réel par le poétique. Dans les œuvres de Marguerite Duras et Didier-Georges Gabily, la ravissante opère une suspension de toute herméneutique et de toute résolution dramatique. Dans les œuvres d’Ivana Sajko, Dorothée Zumstein, Claudine Galea et Marie Ndiaye, la fascination implique une mise en crise du sujet fasciné. Dans une deuxième partie est explorée l’échappée du réel à partir du négatif. Les œuvres de Sarah Kane servent d’appui pour penser la tension vers un centre utopique, puis l’étude est étendue à des pièces du répertoire français contemporain, de Samuel Gallet, Magali Mougel, Lancelot Hamelin, Mariette Navarro et Philippe Malone. / Through the analysis of about fifteen contemporary plays (1991-2017), this thesis opens a reflexion on the dynamic of rapture in dramatic plays and how it reflects a catastrophic reality. Rather than developing dramatic situations by critical and distancing means, they procede in a movement that suspends the meaning of the gestures of the characters, and rapts the possibility of their comprehension to better enchant reality. Escape is depicted in a negative way to let merge hope from despair. This paradoxal movement transforms defeat into a breach through which the tyranny of reality is troubled, and is raised from a situation of sideration to one of fascination, thus pointing towards utopia. The notion of rapture is based in particular on the works of Maurice Blanchot, Georges Didi-Huberman and Roland Barthes. It can be seen as an escape from an elusive reality that transforms ignorance into the site of a reinvention of reality by poetic means. In the works of Marguerite Duras and Didier-Georges Gabily, the ravishing figure suspends hermeneutics and dramatic resolution. This study is extended to plays by Ivana Sajko, Dorothée Zumstein, Claudine Galea and Marie Ndiaye where fascination implies a situation of crisis for the fascinated subject. The second part is an exploration of how negativity can lead to escaping from reality. Sarah Kane plays are a support to consider the tension towards an utopic centre, and the study is developed to contemporary french plays by Samuel Gallet, Magali Mougel, Lancelot Hamelin, Mariette Navarro and Philippe Malone.