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This thesis examines decision optimization of product recalls. Product recalls in recent years have shown unprecedented impact on both immediate economic and reputational damage to the company and long-lasting impact on the brand and industry. Admittedly, imperfect product quality makes recalls inevitable. Thus, we explore from three perspectives to elicit business insights regarding better management and risk control. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of product recall management optimization and its real-world motivation. Chapter 2 views the decision making of "when to initiate a product recall" as a dynamic process and takes the feedback of customer returns to update the product defect rate. Updating is simplified by the conjugate properties of beta distribution and Bernoulli trials. We develop the optimal stopping model to find the thresholds of total product returns above which initiating recall is optimal. We implement dynamic programming to solve the model optimally. For large-size problems, we propose a simulation method to balance computation time with solution quality. Chapter 3 allows the company to control the recall risk by investing in quality. We adopt the one-stage stochastic newsvendor model and add quality-dependent recall risk. The resulting model is not concave in production quantity and quality levels. The parametric analysis reveals several interesting features such as the optimal ordering quantity and quality level have a conflicting relationship. We further extend our model from internal supply to external supply from multiple sources. Chapter 4 examines managing product recalls from the closed-loop supply chain management and disruption management perspectives. We model the location and allocation decisions of both manufacturing plants and reprocessing facilities where facilities are built after the recalls. Numerical experiments show the costs of overlooking potential recalls vary greatly, indicating the necessity of considering recalls in initial designs and the importance of accurate recall probability prediction. Chapter 5 summarizes. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The effect of major or minor mode in music on the free recall of materials presented in a multimedia setting was investigated. Seventy-seven students from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University voluntarily participated in the experiment. The experiment consisted of three Hypercard stacks, identical except for the introduction where participants heard either a major or a minor melody line or no music. Participants read an identical text passage and recalled as much information as they could about the passage afterwards. The results showed no significant difference between groups. / Master of Arts

Romaine lettuce and leafy greens have been at the center of food safety concerns over the last several years. More specifically, romaine lettuce has been directly linked to seven(7) foodborne illness outbreaks and resulted in five(5) recalls over the eight(8) years period of January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. This paper estimates the effects that these food safety events have had on the price returns of romaine lettuce utilizing a series of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. Importantly, the GARCH models allowed us to capture the effects of the recall and illness outbreaks on both the returns and volatility of the romaine price series. We find that three (3) of the seven (7) illness outbreaks resulted in marked increases in the price returns - between 4.1% and 9.6%. Conversely, three (3) of the five (5) recalls reduced price returns - between 30% and 57%. However, the volatility is not found to be significantly nor to affect the price volatility significantly. We conclude that recalls serve as a market correction in the romaine lettuce market. Consequently, a continued focus on increasing traceability with in the romaine lettuce market will help to reduce price fluctuation and limit the number of illnesses resulting from outbreaks. / Master of Science / Romaine lettuce and leafy greens have been at the center of food safety concerns over the last several years. More specifically, romaine lettuce has been directly linked to 7 foodborne illness outbreaks and resulted in 5 recalls over the eight years, January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. This paper estimates the effects that these food safety events have had on the price returns of romaine lettuce. It was found that 3 of the seven illness outbreaks resulted in marked increases in the price returns - between 4.1% and 9.6% while, 3 of the 5 recalls reduced price returns - between 30% and 57%. However, the volatility is not found to be significantly nor to affect the price volatility significantly. It is concluded that recalls serve as a market correction in the romaine lettuce market. A continued focus on increasing traceability with in the romaine lettuce market will help to reduce price fluctuation and limit the number of illnesses resulting from outbreaks.

Föreliggande studie har som syfte att undersöka barns lärandepraktiker och meningsskapande samspel när de spelar digitala spel tillsammans. Barn i årskurs två har delats in i fyra grupper. Två av grupperna har spelat datorspelet Labyrint och de båda andra grupperna har spelat datorspelet Bloxorz. Data samlades in i två steg: först genom videoobservation av spelsituationerna i ett första skede och sedan genom ett påföljande stimulated recall-samtal där den inspelade spelsituationen diskuterades tillsammans med barnen. Data har sedan analyserats med en interaktionsanalytisk metod som undersöker hur barnen använder verbal och ickeverbal kommunikation i samspel med varandra, kontexter och teknologier för att lösa olika typer av uppgifter i spelen. Studien leder till slutsatsen att olika former av samspel äger rum mellan spelare och åskådare, man skapar gemensamt strategier för problemlösning. Strategierna realiseras genom arbetsfördelning mellan barnen, där fördelningen kan vara större eller mindre. En relevant parameter är utsträckningen i vilken spelaren antingen är en fullt agerande spelare med eget initiativtagande, eller som motsats intar rollen av utförare av åskådarnas instruktioner. En annan parameter relevant för samtliga strategier är huruvida barnet utgår från ett situerat avatar-perspektiv eller ett mer holistiskt nivå-perspektiv vid val av strategi. Spel har en enorm motiverande kraft och barn samlas gärna kring datorn och spelar dataspel. Där kan de använda sina samlade kunskaper och inre motivation för att prova olika strategier vid problemlösning. Flera olika fenomen känns igen från tidigare forskning; flow, inre motivation, utforskande spelstrategier och målsökande spelstrategier. Den aktuella studien bidrar med en metod, en analysmodell samt begrepp för ökad förståelse av gemensamt lärande.

abstract: An emerging literature on the relation between memory and importance has shown that people are able to selectively remember information that is more, relative to less important. Researchers in this field have operationalized importance by assigning value to the different information that participants are asked to study and remember. In the present investigation I developed two experiments, using a slightly altered value-directed-remembering (VDR) paradigm, to investigate whether and how value modifies the dynamics of memory organization and search. Moreover, I asked participants to perform a surprise final free recall task in order to examine the effects of value in the recall dynamics of final free recall. In Experiment 1, I compared the recall dynamics of delayed and final free recall between a control and a value condition, in the latter of which numbers appeared next to words, in random order, denoting the value of remembering each word during recall. In Experiment 2, I manipulated the order of presentation of the values by adding an ascending and a descending condition where values were presented in either an ascending or a descending order, respectively. Overall, my results indicated that value affected several measures of delayed and final free recall, without, in most cases, taking away the serial position effects on those same measures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2015

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This study was concerned with the capability of food processors to conduct a product recall, when necessary, with the least time and cost expenditures. An evaluation was made of the effectiveness of the procedures, policies, and organization by which food processors have conducted or would conduct a product recall. Based upon this assessment, a model product recall program was designed to enhance the ability of food processors to conduct product recalls more efficiently. The study concludes that product recalls are very costly to conduct, and, therefore, every effort should be undertaken to prevent situations from occurring which require product recalls. The use of stringent quality control procedures and packaging improvements are thus recommended. Food processors are encouraged to adopt product recall programs in order to reduce the cost of conducting a product recall. If food processors do not take the initiative in these areas, consumerists will likely continue to pressure Congress for more stringent federal regulation of the food industry.

This thesis measures college students' attitudes toward, and the effectiveness of, brand placement in the genre of reality television. Surveys were used to discover the level of brand recall for the products and brands displayed in reality television programming and to discover viewers' reported reasons for paying attention to these brands. The study found that viewers tended to have positive attitudes toward brand placement in reality television and that focus on a brand was a major reason for recall. Furthermore, the study found no significant difference in the recall scores of reality television viewers versus non-viewers and no significant difference based on the perceived level of the reality of the programming.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1987 / Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California / The Telemetry Systems Operation (TSO) of CSC in Lompoc, California, has been developing telemetry systems since October 1981. Three major turnkey systems have been developed as well as several smaller derivative systems. Each system, built for a different end-user, was custom fit to support unique requirements and often represented several different techniques for accommodating similar problems within different system architectures. This paper describes the evolution of TM system architectures developed by TSO Lompoc, and the special engineering problems solved in the course of their development to provide the user with accommodating telemetry systems that are responsive, expandable, and cost-effective.