Artificiell intelligens har under senare år tagit en allt större roll inom företagsvärlden. Organisationer kan utnyttja AI till att effektivisera rekryteringsprocessen vilket sparar tid och pengar. Studier visar att träning av AI kan leda till diskriminering. Detta är ofta en sidoeffekt till hur AI har tränats, exempelvis genom data innehållandes bias, eller att programmerarens egna fördomar blir del av AI:s beslutsunderlag. Syfte: Syftet med den här studien är att genom en systematisk litteraturstudie skapa en inblick i de konsekvenser som användandet av AI kan ha på rekryteringsprocessen. Rapporten ämnar även att undersöka hur användandet av AI kan kopplas till diskriminering av kandidater. Avslutningsvis önskar studien att ge rekommendationer till hur AI i fortsättningen kan användas i rekryteringsprocessen utan att åsamka skada på organisationer eller individer. Resultat: Resultatet tyder på att rekryterare och kandidater upplever AI som bias. Resultaten visar även vikten av transparens och det fortsatta behovet av människor i rekryteringsprocessen, för att öka förtroendet och undvika diskriminering och partiskt beslutsfattande från AI. Dessutom visar studien att kandidater uppfattar att AI inte kan identifiera unika drag och personliga ansträngningar från kandidater, och därför anser tekniken som orättvis. Den här studien observerar en polariserad syn på AI som å ena sidan mer partisk än människor, och å andra sidan mindre partisk än människor. Detta förmår författarna till den här rapporten att diskutera komplexiteten i ämnet, och att AI liksom människor, kan orsaka partiskhet. Slutsats: Kandidater och rekryterare anser att AI i rekrytering är fördomsfullt. Uppfattningen påverkas av individuella aspekter. AI i rekrytering kan leda till diskriminering av ålder, kön och etnicitet, diskrimineringen kan ofta härledas till hur AI har tränats. AI kan användas i de delar av rekrytering som historiskt inneburit lite kontakt mellan organisation och kandidat, tillexempel CV granskning. Mänsklig närvaro behövs för att öka förtroende hos kandidater. / Artificial intelligence has during recent years taken a significant place in the business world. Organisations benefit from AI by streamlining the recruitment process and thus saving money by reducing cost and time. Studies show how training of AI can cause discrimination. This is often a side effect of how the AI has been trained, using data containing bias, or due to the programmers personal bias being incorporated in the AI decision making. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create insight into the consequences that the use of AI can have on the recruitment process. Furthermore, this study aims to examine how AI can be linked to discrimination against candidates. Lastly, this study wishes to give recommendations on how AI can be used for recruitment in the future, without causing harm to individuals or organisations. This study has analysed contemporary management research concerning the area using a systematic literature review. Results: The literature suggests that AI is perceived by recruiters and candidates as biassed. The results show the importance of transparency and the continued need for humans in the process, to enhance trust and avoid discrimination and biassed decision making from AI. Furthermore, this study shows that candidates perceive that AI is unable to identify uniqueness and personal efforts and thus believe the technology to be unfair. This study observes a polarised view of AI as more biassed than humans on one hand, and less biassed than humans on the other. This induces the authors of this paper to discuss the complexity of the matter and that AI, like humans, can cause bias. Conclusion: Candidates and recruiters believe that AI in recruitment is biassed. The perception is influenced by individual aspects. AI in recruitment can lead to discrimination of age, gender and ethnicity, the discrimination can often be traced to how the AI has been trained. AI can be used in those parts of recruitment that historically involved little contact between organisation and candidate, such as CV scanning. Human presence is needed to increase trust in candidates.

With advancements in AI technology, its application in recruitment has gained prominence due to potential benefits such as increased efficiency, improved candidate selection, and reduced bias. This thesis aims to explore the factors that influence the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the recruitment process and provides insights on how organizations can leverage these factors to optimize recruitment outcomes. However, several factors impact the successful utilization of AI in recruitment processes. By examining these factors through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this research emphasize to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with AI implementation in recruitment. Moreover, this study seeks to provide insights for organizations to effectively leverage these factors to optimize recruitment outcomes. The findings highlights the impact of AI adoption in recruitment and identifies strategies and practices that organizations can employ to optimize recruitment outcomes through AI utilization. This study emphasised to combine these strategies to build trust and ensuring transparency and explainability of AI algorithms, and addressing potential biases and discrimination. By examining the factors that influence AI adoption in recruitment, this research provides valuable insights for HR professionals and organizational leaders to leverage AI effectively in the recruitment process. This thesis emphasizes the importance AI adoption in recruitment and taking measures to maximize benefits and minimize risks. It contributes to the expanding knowledge on AI in recruitment, enabling organizations to make informed decisions and optimize recruitment outcomes in the digital transformation era.

Syfte: Byråkratiska entreprenadorganisationer vill attrahera ung topptalang men anses inte attraktiva arbetsgivare för generation Z. Det beror på att dessa organisationer saknar tydliga arbetssätt för hur och på vilket sätt man ska nå ut till denna målgrupp. Syftet med studien är därför att utveckla arbetssätt för hur entreprenadorganisationer ska gå tillväga för att anses attraktiva samt hur de ska gå tillväga för att rekrytera generation Z. Metod: En explorativ fallstudie genomfördes med ett entreprenad- och generation Z-perspektiv. Totalt genomfördes 30 intervjuer med individer inom 17 olika organisationer. Respondenterna utgjordes av tre kategorier: (1) interna respondenter från case-organisationen, (2) traineer, individer med erfarenhet av traineeprogram och (3) experter med erfarenhet av rekryteringsarbete.  Resultat: Baserat på inhämtad data har ett ramverk utvecklats för hur organisationer kan attrahera topptalang. De olika faserna i ramverket är: identifiera målgrupp, marknadsföra tjänster, aktiv rekrytering, anställning och utvärdering. Dessutom tillkom kontinuerliga aktiviteter som är en process som sker löpande genom hela rekryteringsprocessen. Samtliga stegen beskriver hur organisationer bör gå tillväga för att maximera sin attraktionskraft och genomföra en effektiv rekryteringsprocess. Teoretiskt och praktiskt bidrag: Studien tillhandahåller ett ramverk över hur entreprenadorganisationer kan optimera rekryteringsprocessen för att attrahera topptalang. Detta stärker den existerande litteraturen genom att studien identifierar specifika arbetsgivarkrav hos generation Z. Den har även fastställt strategier för att utveckla attraktionskraften hos byråkratiska organisationer. Vidare betonar studien vikten av att organisationer arbetar med employer branding för att locka topptalang. Slutligen belyser studien vikten av organisationers förmåga att anpassa sig och arbeta med dynamic capabilities för att vara mottagliga för ny arbetskraft och dess krav.  Begränsningar och framtida studier: Studien antar ett fallstudieperspektiv som begränsar generaliserbarheten. Studien tar inte studien i beaktning tidigare anställda, vilket påverkar praktiserbarheten negativt. Vidare har studien begränsad till att enbart undersöka rekryteringsprocessen fram till anställning. Det lämnar utrymme att undersöka senare delar av anställningar och bibehållning av talang till framtida studier. Det kan även kompletteras med att undersöka lönsamheten i de olika delarna av rekryteringsprocessen och olika initiativ. / Purpose: Bureaucratic organizations aim to attract top talent but are considered unattractive employers for Generation Z. There is a lack of clear approaches for organizations to reach the target group. Therefore, the study aims to investigate how organizations should develop approaches to be considered attractive and how they should recruit Generation Z. Method: An exploratory case study was conducted with an entrepreneurial and Generation Z perspective. A total of 30 interviews were conducted with individuals from 17 different organizations. Respondents consisted of three categories: (1) internal respondents from the case organization, (2) trainees, individuals with experience of trainee programs, and (3) experts with experience in recruitment. Findings: Based on the collected data, a framework has been developed for how organizations can attract top talent. The different phases in the framework are: identify target group, branding, active recruitment, hiring, and evaluation. In addition, continuous activities are included, which are a process that occurs continuously throughout the recruitment process. All steps describe how organizations should work to maximize their attractiveness and conduct an effective recruitment process. Theoretical and practical contribution: The study provides a framework for how entrepreneurial organizations can optimize the recruitment process to attract top talent. This strengthens existing literature by identifying specific employer requirements of Generation Z. It has also established strategies to develop the attractiveness of bureaucratic organizations. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of organizations' ability to utilize employer branding to attract top talent. Finally, the study highlights the importance of organizations' ability to adapt and work with dynamic capabilities to be receptive to new workforce and their demands. Limitations and future research: The study was conducted as a single case study which limits generalizability. It does not take into account previous employees, which affects practicability negatively. Furthermore, the study is limited to only examining the recruitment process up to hiring. This leaves room to investigate later parts of employment and talent retention for future studies. It can also be complemented by examining the profitability of the different parts of the recruitment process and various initiatives.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The retention of the right skills in any organisation or industry is always a challenge. There are many causes of the skills shortage and it is also difficult to retain skilled people once they have been found. The literature suggests that retention of skills should ideally be considered from the design and expectation of the requirements of the job through to the recruitment process; and not only once the employee has started working. The literature also explores the different retention strategies that can be applied, such as succession planning, employee engagement, work – life balance, remuneration structuring and career advancement path. This research is limited to Tshikondeni coal mine and attempts to establish which of the following are the biggest contributing factors that cause people to leave and resign from the mine: • Known life of the mine left is till 2014; • Remote location away from essential services; • Leadership; and • Remuneration. From the research that was done, it became clear that the limited life of the mine was the biggest contributing factor that would make employees want to leave Tshikondeni coal mine. Further study is recommended for organisations that operate with finite resources, and mostly in remote areas, to develop further specific retention strategies – over and above those challenges that face all other industries and organisations. This should be done so that the reality of finite resources can be addressed in order to keep employees motivated and energised until the last ton is extracted. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is altyd ‘n uitdaging in enige organisasie of industrie om die regte vaardighede te behou. Daar is baie redes vir die tekort aan vaardighede en dit is moeilik om bekwame mense te behou wanneer hulle wel gevind word. Die literatuur raai aan dat die retensie van vaardighede reeds in die ontwerp van en vereistes vir ‘n betrekking in ag geneem moet word, sowel as tydens die werwingsproses en nie eers na indiensneming van die werknemer nie. Die literatuur ondersoek ook retensie strategië wat toegepas kan word, soos bv. opvolgbeplanning, werknemerbetrokkenheid, balans tussen werk en vrye tyd, vergoedingstrukture en moontlikhede vir bevordering. Hierdie navorsing is beperk tot Tshikondeni steenkoolmyn en poog om vas te stel watter van die volgende die grootste bydraende faktore is waarom mense bedank en weggaan by die myn: • Lewensduur van die myn slegs tot 2014; • Afgesonderde ligging weg van essensële dienste; • Leierskap; en • Vergoeding. Uit die navorsing wat gedoen is, het dit duidelik geword dat die beperkte lewensduur van die myn die grootste bydraende faktor was waarom werknemers wou weggaan van Tshikondeni steenkoolmyn. Verdere navorsing word aanbeveel vir organisasies wat met beperkte hulpbronne, en hoofsaaklik in afgeleë gebiede, werk om verdere spesifieke retensie strategieë te ontwikkel – bo en behalwe dié wat vir ander industrieë en organisasies geld. Hierdeur kan die realiteit van beperkte hulpbronne aangespreek word om sodoende die motivering en aansporing van werknemers te verseker totdat die laaste ton verwerk is.

Organisationer står inför utmaningarna att rekrytera och ge möjligheter till kompetensutveckling. Den som utför rekrytering har en central roll och måste därmed ha rätt kompetens för att kunna arbeta på ett professionellt sätt. Syftet med studien är att undersöka rekryteringsprocessen i offentlig verksamhet och hur chefer med rekryteringsansvar upplever den egna kompetensen i arbetet med rekrytering. Frågeställningarna som besvaras är: Hur beskriver chefer med rekryteringsansvar inom offentlig verksamhet arbetet med rekrytering? Vilken kompetens upplever chefer med rekryteringsansvar efterfrågas respektive krävs vid utförandet av rekrytering? Upplever chefer med rekryteringsansvar inom offentlig verksamhet kompetens i arbetet med rekrytering? Genom en kvalitativ studie har semistrukturerade intervjuer utförts med chefer som innehar rekryteringsansvar i offentlig verksamhet. Resultatet visar att samtliga chefer med rekryteringsansvar tillämpar en gemensam rekryteringsprocess som innehåller skilda steg. De beskriver arbetet med rekrytering på liknande sätt. De upplever att det efterfrågas och krävs formell och reell kompetens och vissa personliga egenskaper vid arbetet med rekrytering. Cheferna upplever kompetens i arbetet med rekrytering, men för fram att det finns utvecklingsmöjligheter. / Organizations face the challenges of recruiting and providing opportunities for competence development. The person who performs recruitment has a central role and must have the right competence to be able to work professionally. The purpose of the study is to investigate the recruitment process in public sector and how managers with recruitment responsibilities experience their own competence in work with recruitment. The questions answered are: How do managers with recruitment responsibilities in public sector describe work with recruitment? What competence do managers with recruitment responsibilities experience as required and demanded in the performance of recruitment? Do managers with recruitment responsibilities in public sector experience competence in work with recruitment? Through a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with managers who hold recruitment responsibilities in public sector. The result shows that managers with recruitment responsibilities apply a common recruitment process with different steps. They describe the work with recruitment in a similar way. They experience that the work with recruitment require and demand formal and actual competence and certain personal characteristics. Managers with recruitment responsibilities experience competencies in work with recruitment, but suggest that there are development opportunities.

The migration to Sweden has increased in the last few years and in order to diminishsegregation and unemployment among the population, it has been a prioritized matterto help the migrants to enter the Swedish labour market. Employers that set languagerequirements when recruiting can reduce the possibility for a person with a differentethnical background to obtain employment. These language requirements can beappropriate and necessary to achieve a legitimate purpose. This study aims toinvestigate in which cases the employer has the right to set a language requirementand in which circumstances setting the requirement is discriminatory on grounds ofethnicity. In order to answer the research question, a legal dogmatic method has beenused.The investigation indicates that the court judge discrimination on grounds of ethnicityvery restrictively and in some cases fails to enforce the law correctly. Employersseem to evade sanctions easily, for example by implying that the decision is based onthe applicant’s personal qualities. This could be a reason why there are only a fewcases taken to the court.

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The purpose of this c-level essay shall try to illustrate how a good leader is formed. We have investigated what influences leadership style, personal characteristics or individual competence have when recruiting a new manager. This study has been carried out with comparative applications because we wanted to study the similarities and differences between the Unemployment Office, the Social Insurance Office and the Social Welfare Administration.</p><p>We have used a qualitative method in interviews both with employers as well as the from the trade union representative’s perspective. Part of our results indicates that the trade union representatives and the employers are not always unanimous and do not request equivalent characteristics and knowledge at recruitment. We have also found certain differences in the recruitment process between the organisations despite the fact that they are all politically governed and have many organisational similarities. We do not claim any empirical generalisations about our results as we have studied only one municipality. Our conclusions establish how certain key factors relate to recruitment of mangers just in this municipality and in these organisations. The results, however, indicates the prominence of some key factors that might be of general importance.</p><p>One of the most important result that we found in this study was that the trade union representatives had more similar opinions with each other than those they had with their respective organisations. Furthermore it became obvious from the study that great significance was given to inter-personal relationships when recruiting a new middle manager. The most significant resemblance between the three organisations was that they requested a management style that inclined towards democratic values.</p>

Rapportens undersökning beskriver de skillnader och likheter mellan kedjeägda och privatägda klädbutiker i Lidköping. En öppen intervju genomfördes med fem butikschefer i kedja och fem butikschefer/ägare i privatägd butik för att beskriva rekryteringsprocessen och kunskapsnivån om anställningsformerna, 4-6 §§ Lag (1982:80) om anställningsskydd (LAS). Personalen i en butik är en resurs som tillsammans med butikschefen/ägaren arbetar för att uppnå lönsamhet. Rätt personal är då betydelsefullt för arbetsgivaren och en felrekrytering kan bli kostsamt för företaget. En effektiv och strukturerad rekryteringsprocess leder till rätt person på rätt plats[1]. Rekryteringsprocessens sista delar innefattar anställningsavtalet där anställningsformen ska beslutas för den nyanställda. Enligt 4-6 §§ LAS, finns sex korrekta anställningsformer. Uppsatsens fråga; Hur anställer butikschefer ny personal och kan de förklara anställningsformerna enligt 4-6 §§ LAS? Underfråga; vilka likheter och skillnader finns beroende på om butikschefen är verksam inom kedja eller privatägd butik? Rapportens slutsats beskriver att rekryteringsprocessen skiljer sig ytterst lite åt varandra i klädföretagen. Både kedjor och privatägda butiker utförde en kortsiktig process vid nyanställning. Kunskapsnivån av anställningsformerna skildes åt tydligare beroende på vart butikschefen arbetade. Butikschefer i kedjor besatt en högre kunskap medan butikschefer/ägare i privat butik saknade generellt kännedomen kring anställningsformernas rättigheter och skyldigheter. Inga av de intervjuade har upplevt konsekvenser av brist på kunskap inom 4-6 §§ LAS. Frågan är om det är nödvändigt för butikschefer att besitta denna kunskap? [1]Danilov &amp; Hellgren, april 2010 / The report's survey describes the differences and similarities between a chain and privately-owned clothing stores in Lidköping. An open interview was conducted with five store managers in a chain store and five store managers / owners of the privately owned shop to describe the recruitment process and knowledge on forms of employment, § § 4-6 Lag (1982:80) om anställningsskydd (LAS). The staff in a store is a resource that together with store manager / owner is working to achieve profitability. Right staff is then important for the employer and a wrong recruitment can be costly for the company. An effective and structured recruitment process leads to the right person at the right place. The recruitment process last part includes the employment contract which the employment status is decided for the new recruits. According to § § 4-6 LAS, there are six regular forms of employment. Essay question: How do the store managers employ new staff and do they know the forms of employment according to § § 4-6 LAS?  Sub query: What similarities and differences exist depending on whether the store manager is active within the chain or privately owned shop? Conclusion of the report describing the recruitment process differs very little about each other clothing companies. Both chains and privately owned shops did a short-term process of hiring new staff. The level of knowledge of forms of employment were separated more clearly dependent on each store manager was working. Store managers in chains possessed a higher knowledge while store managers / owners of private store lacked general awareness about the employment status ‘rights and obligations. None of the interviewees have experienced the consequences of lack of knowledge in § § 4-6 LAS. The question is whether it is necessary for store managers to possess this knowledge?

ABSTRACT The purpose of this c-level essay shall try to illustrate how a good leader is formed. We have investigated what influences leadership style, personal characteristics or individual competence have when recruiting a new manager. This study has been carried out with comparative applications because we wanted to study the similarities and differences between the Unemployment Office, the Social Insurance Office and the Social Welfare Administration. We have used a qualitative method in interviews both with employers as well as the from the trade union representative’s perspective. Part of our results indicates that the trade union representatives and the employers are not always unanimous and do not request equivalent characteristics and knowledge at recruitment. We have also found certain differences in the recruitment process between the organisations despite the fact that they are all politically governed and have many organisational similarities. We do not claim any empirical generalisations about our results as we have studied only one municipality. Our conclusions establish how certain key factors relate to recruitment of mangers just in this municipality and in these organisations. The results, however, indicates the prominence of some key factors that might be of general importance. One of the most important result that we found in this study was that the trade union representatives had more similar opinions with each other than those they had with their respective organisations. Furthermore it became obvious from the study that great significance was given to inter-personal relationships when recruiting a new middle manager. The most significant resemblance between the three organisations was that they requested a management style that inclined towards democratic values.

I den här uppsatsen undersökts det hur rekryteringsprocessen av inköpsassistenter ser ut i teori och praktik och vilka kompetenser yrket efterfrågar. Ämnet är aktuellt då yrkesrollen som inköpsassistent är svår att definiera och teori har påvisat att rekrytering försvåras av det faktum. Det kan i sin tur leda till felrekryteringar som kan ge stora konsekvenser i ett företag. Ämnet är också relevant då förändringar inom modebranschen har påverkat yrkesrollerna inom branschen i hög takt vilket resulterat i att samma yrkesroll har olika innebörd på olika företag. Förändringar ställer högre och delvis helt nya krav på rekryterare inom branschen. Samtidigt har det inte påträffats någon definition av rollen som inköpsassistent. Studiens syfte är därför att klargöra vilka kompetenser som eftersöks för att bli anställd som inköpsassistent. Studien utreder frågeställningen: Vilken kompetens efterfrågas i yrkesrollen som inköpsassistent? Rekryteringsprocessen kommer också undersökas i studien. Utifrån frågeställningen och syftet gjordes en kvalitativ undersökning där rekryterare och inköpare intervjuades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer om rekrytering av inköpsassistenter. Urvalet bestod av sju modeföretag från Sverige och Norge. Data från intervjuerna transkriberades och presenterades i en resultatdel. Studiens resultat presenteras inom följande teman: Rekryteringsprocessen, Social rekrytering, Felrekrytering, Konkret kompetens och Abstrakt kompetens. Sammanfattningsvis tyder studiens resultat på att yrkesrollen skiljer sig mellan olika företag och att det faktum att rollen är odefinierad påverkar rekryteringen och kan delvis bidrar till felrekrytering. Vidare visar resultatet att det finns både abstrakta och konkreta kompetenser som stämmer in på flertalet av företagen och därför kan bidra till en del av definieringen av yrkesrollen som inköpsassistent. / This thesis is investigating how the recruitment process of buying assistants is working in theory and practice, and what competences the profession demands. This issue is currently important since the professional role as a buying assistant is difficult to define and theory has demonstrated that recruitment is aggravated by that. This may therefore lead to misrecruitments that can provide major consequences in a company. The topic is also relevant when changes in the fashion industry have influenced professional roles within the industry at a high rate, resulting in that the same profession has different meanings in different companies. The changes are requiring higher and partly new demands on recruiters in the industry. At the same time, a definition of the role as buying assistant has not been found. The study's purpose is to clarify the competences that are required to be employed as a buying assistant. The study investigates the question: What competences are required for a job as a buying assistant? The recruitment process will also be investigated. Based on the issue and the purpose, a qualitative study was most suitable. In the study, recruiters and buyers were interviewed through semi-structured interviews about the recruitment of buying assistants. The sample consisted of seven fashion companies from Sweden and Norway. Data from the interviews were transcribed and presented in the result chapter. The study’s results are presented in the following themes: Recruitment process, Social recruitment, Misrecruitment, Concrete competences and Abstract competences. In summary, the result of this study indicates that the professional role differs between different companies and that the fact that the role is undefined affects recruitment and may partly contribute to misrecruitment. Furthermore, the results show that there are both abstract and concrete competences that apply to the majority of companies and therefore contribute to the definition of the professional role as a buying assistant.