Unemployment and/or slow economic growth nationally and in poorer regions are two problems which political decision-makers often refer to when they argue for the need to grant different producer subsidies to firms. Moreover, it is often asserted that the problems are due to different market failures. However, it is not certain that market failures exist and political attempts to correct "market-failures" might easily turn into government failures. In the thesis various industrial and regional policy subsidies are examined. The subsidies, which are studied, have become increasingly important in many countries, not least in the EU, over time.The thesis consists of four essays, which examine different aspects of interventionistic policy and political decision making from the perspective of market failure vs. government failure. The purpose of Essay 1 is to study whether Swedish regional policy, which was introduced around 1970, has significantly affected the process of growth of per capita income in Swedish counties. In Essay 2 characteristics of recipient firms are analysed from an interest-group perspective. In Essay 3, the subsidies effect on total factor productivity growth is studied. In the final essay employment effects are examined. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.

Lietuvoje vyrauja dideli ir augantys tarpregioniniai skirtumai, kurie matomi ne tik tarp pirmaujančių ir atsiliekančių regionų, bet ir tarp regionų lyderių. Todėl iškyla dilema ar regioninė politika suformuluota ir nukreipta taip, kad ateityje bus pajėgi ne tik skatinti regionų plėtrą, bet ir mažinti netolygumus. Regiono plėtra yra sudėtingas procesas, kuriam suprasti ir paaiškinti tikslinga naudoti ekonominius modelius. Iš ekonominių modelių įvairovės darbe pasirinkta naudoti pritaikytą regionų augimui neoklasikinį augimo modelį, nes būtent šis modelis aiškina regionų netolygaus augimo priežastis, vietinių išteklių pagrindu. Darbą sudaro dvi dalys. Pirmoje dalyje „Regioninė plėtra ir regioninė politika: teoriniai ir taikomieji aspektai“ aprašomos regiono ir regioninės plėtros koncepcijos, teorijos, žmogiškųjų išteklių, kapitalo ir technologijų pažangos įtaka regionų vystymuisi. Šioje dalyje pateikiami regioninės politikos pagrindiniai teoriniai aspektai bei aprašomos regioninės politikos priemonės regionų plėtrai skatinti. Antroje darbo dalyje „Vilniaus ir Alytaus regionų plėtros tyrimas“ socialinių-ekonominių rodiklių pagalba įvertinama Vilniaus ir Alytaus regionų sanglauda ir techninės pažangos augimo modelio pagrindu identifikuojamos netolygaus regionų augimo priežastys. Be to, analizuojama Lietuvos regioninė politika, politikos tikslai ir įgyvendinimo priemonių efektyvumas. Šioje darbo dalyje išskiriama Lietuvos regionų augimo skatinimo specifika, analizuojama Europos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Regional development becomes important issue of the European Union and Lithuania regional politics, because only developed region can entrench the secured position in the globalized world. Moreover, regional development is closely related with people and their well-being. In order to achieve this, stable and coordinated regional development is needed. This should be done by integrating effective regional policy instruments. Regional development is complexible process. So, economical models is needed and used to explain regional development. From variety of economical models the neoclassical growth model was chosen to explore the causes of widening regional growth disparities. The work consists of two parts. The first part deals with general theoretical and adaptable aspects of the region, its development as well as the regional growth and development models for regional development. In this part the explanation of impact of human resources, capital and technical progress is given. Also, this part proposes the theoretical overview about regional policy, including the conception of regional policy, the instruments which influence regional development. In the second part economical and social indicators are used for analysis of Vilnius and Alytus regions, the convergence of regions is evaluated and regional growth disparities between Vilnius and Alytus regions is evaluated by using neoclassical growth model. The second part analyzes the regional policy and its goals of... [to full text]

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuota Europos Sąjungos struktūrinių fondų teikiamos paramos reikšmė Lietuvos ekonomikai, iškeltos esminės struktūrinės paramos įsisavinimo problemos ir iššūkiai bei pateiktos rekomendacijos, siekiant efektyvesnio struktūrinių lėšų įsisavinimo. Pirmoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu tiriama ES regioninės politikos turinys, ES struktūrinių fondų sąvoka, jų rūšys, apžvelgiama ES Struktūrinių fondų paramos administravimo sistema Lietuvoje. Antroje dalyje analizuojamas struktūrinės paramos panaudojimas Lietuvoje 2004-2006 m. programavimo laikotarpiu, ir dabartiniu 2007-2013 m. paramos laikotarpiu, pateikiami esminiai struktūrinės paramos panaudojimo Lietuvoje prioritetai naujuoju 2014-2012 m. paramos laikotarpiu. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje nagrinėjama ES struktūrinių fondų įtaka pagrindinių Lietuvos makroekonominių rodiklių kaitai: BVP, biudžeto balansui, infliacijai, užimtumui ir eksportui. / In Master’s final work were analyzed the meaning of the assistance allocated by the European Union Structural Funds for Lithuanian economy, were raised essential problems and challenges of structural assistance reclamation, and recommendations were given on purpose of reaching a more effective reclamation of structural resources. The first part of the work analyzes theoretically the content of EU policy, the correlation of EU Structural Funds and their kinds, one takes into account the system of EU Structural Funds support administration in Lithuania. The second part analyzes the usage of structural assistance in Lithuanian in programming period of 2004-2006 and in present supportive period of 2007-2013, it presents essential priorities of structural support usage in Lithuania in the new supportive period of 2014-2012. The third part analyzes the influence of EU Structural Funds on the fluctuation of main rates of Lithuanian macro-economics: GDP, budget balance, inflation, employment and export.

Research object – economical subjects, which have used SAPARD support in Lithuania. Research aim – to evaluate the usage of the support funds for rural regional development. Objectives: 1. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, to overview the theoretical aspects of the regional politic. 2. Identify the types of the support funds and their principles. 3. To analyse the distribution of the support between the Lithuania regions. 4. To identify the advantages and disadvantages of the support in the region of Panevėžys. Research methods: analysis, synthesis, data analysis, survey research, interview, graphic presentation. Based on the analysis of Lithuanian and foreign scientific literature sources, the review of types of European Union support funds and their principles is presented in the paper. Besides, it is presented the evaluation of the significance of support funds to the rural regional development and analysis of SAPARD funds distribution in Lithuanian regions, paying the biggest attention to the investigation of advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned support.

This thesis consists of four independent essays grouped in two parts. The first part analyzes the possibility and duration of a Pareto-improving pension reform. The second part considers some economic issues related to the tax avoidance activities. The possibility and duration of a Pareto-improving pension reform.Many countries face large problems in supporting current pay-as-you-go pension systems arising from demographic changes leading to the situation when returns on capital exceed population growth. Inefficiency arises from implicit taxation on pension contributions. In a closed economy, it is even more destructive due to its negative impact on savings and capital accumulation. Although the transition to a fully funded system is a great improvement of the economy, its implementation entails several difficulties if Pareto-efficiency is required. The first essay, “The Possibility of a Pareto Improving Pension Reform in a Heterogeneous Economy”, demonstrates that Pareto-improving transitions from pay-as-you-go to fully funded pension systems nearly always exist. To demonstrate this, I classify existing theoretical results according to the type of reformed economy, the form of pension benefits, and the policy instruments used during the transition. Then, I show that intergenerational heterogeneity should no longer be considered as an obstacle when implementing Pareto-improving pension reforms. To maintain redistributive or insurance mechanisms supported by pay-as-you-go systems, I propose to replace inefficient social security with redistributive tax and transfer payments inside one generation. This would save the economy from the inefficiency related to the implicit taxes on pension contributions imposed by pay-as-you-go systems. The second essay, “Designing Optimal Pareto Improving Pension Reforms: A More Distorted Economy Can be Reformed Faster”, investigates the optimal Pareto-improving debt-financed transition from pay-as-you-go to fully funded pension systems. In particular, I examine the relationship between key parameter values characterizing the preferences, the technology and the size of the initial system, and the necessary time for a Pareto-improving transition. My finding is that a more distorted economy can be reformed faster. This result gives an additional explanation to the success of the Chilean reform, where an initial pay-as-you-go system was the largest and, at the same time, the most distorting.An Economy with Clever Tax Avoidance Providers.In the third essay “The Importance of Income Distribution for the Price of the Tax Avoidance Service”, I design a model with a clever tax avoidance provider, who maximizes a profit by setting the price for the tax avoidance services. Therefore, the price for the tax avoidance service is endogenously defined. In that setup, the change in income distribution is not less important than changes in the tax code, which together are responsible for the tax avoidance demand. The model has a wide range of applications. In particular, I analyze the relation between inequality and the collection of tax revenue. The paper shows that tax revenue as a percentage of GDP might grow with inequality when the tax code is not significantly changed. Moreover, higher inequality implies lower marginal cost of additional revenue. This assay also considers tax base broadening, providing examples where this leads to a reduction in tax revenue.In the fourth essay, “ Tax Avoidance as a Reason for Secession”, I provide an additional explanation for the intentions to secede related to expected changes in the tax codes after the ''break down of a nation''. To demonstrate my points, I use a tax avoidance model designed in the third essay, where active tax avoidance providers make a decision about the price and quantity of their services. Secession gives the avoidance provider the option of setting different prices in separate regions.  As a consequence, the price for the tax avoidance service may fall in the poorer region and the elite of this region would be able to avoid the tax, which is impossible in union. Moreover, regional separation may lead to tremendous changes in the shape of income distribution, forcing new governments to change the tax codes. Thus, the government of the richer region may reduce tax rates in order to enlarge the tax revenue collection. To avoid a breakdown of the state, the government should reduce inefficient spending and tax duties. Promoting democracy or increasing the political influence of poor households may reduce the tendency to separate. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2002

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2002.

Diss. Uppsala : Univ., 2002.

The main aim of the thesis "Use of founded resources for infrastructure development of tourism in selected area" is to analyse market area, micro and macro environemnt of an accomodation capacity in Terčino údolí in Novohradské hory, to develop a business plan and find an appropriate financial aid.

The aim of this thesis was to present an overview of the Regional policy of the European Union and of the effects of this policy in relation to selected the town. The main aim was to evaluate the finances resources of the EU funds gained by the town of Písek in the period 2007-2013. Reaching the target was preceded by a theoretical basis, which explains basic terms related to cohesion policy and describes of effects of this policy in connection to the development of regions EU. On the main aim were followed sub-goals, who were achieved accross of the selected methods and procedures in a particular parts of thesis. The main goal and sub-goals were fulfilled. Sub-goals were to describe and analyze implemented projects to town of Písek, to analyze the use of finances from the funds of EU and to assess whether the projects were implemented in accordance with the aims of strategic plan of development town Písek. The last sub-goal of the formulation own proposals for the future of town of Písek were presented at the end of thesis.

The main aim of the thesis is to analyze how the town of Jindrichuv Hradec has used the European Union's financial resources during the program period 2007-2013. The thesis is divided into three parts, i.e. theoretical and practical part, and part of evaluation of outcomes of the thesis. The first goal of the thesis is a description of projects realized by the town of Jindrichuv Hradec, and funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds. These projects are compared to the strategic document of development of the town of Jindrichuv Hradec. The last part of the thesis fulfills its goals by giving recommendations for further development of the town of Jindrichuv Hradec.