Pin-up images have played an important role in American culture, in both their illustrated and photographic configurations. The pin-up is viewed as a significant representational cultural artifact of idealistic and aspirational femininity and of consumerism and material wealth, especially reflective of the mid-twentieth century period in America spanning the 1930s to the 1960s. These images not only reflect great shifts in social mores and women’s social status, but also affected changes in both areas in turn. Furthermore, pin-up images internationally circulated in magazines, advertising and promotional material, contributed to the manner in which America was idealized in Europe and beyond. Crucially, they influenced how an eroticized and glamorous, yet unrealistic, example of femininity came to be generalized as a desirous model of femininity. In recent years there has been vital, though limited, scholarly research into the cultural and social impact of pin-up imagery, to which this thesis adds to. This thesis takes a genealogical approach, charting the development of popular female-centric “pin-up” imagery in America since the 1860s and up to the 1960s, and its resurgence since the 1980s onwards. In doing so this thesis aims to provide a social, political and cultural context to the emergence of a specific archetypal sexualized femininity, with the aim of challenging the tendency to dismiss sexualized imagery as “anti-feminist” or as trivial. Toward that end, I examine the complexity of intentions behind the production of “pin-up” images. In taking this revisionist approach I am better able to conclusively analyze the reasons for the resurgence and reappropriation of pin-up imagery in late-twentieth- and early-twenty-first-century popular culture, and consider what the gendered cultural implications may be.

Submitted by Daniel Schmitt (daniel@schmitt.adv.br) on 2017-03-08T14:29:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV - Trabalho de Qualificação da Dissertação (DS) (28-02-17).pdf: 1238374 bytes, checksum: 77427104099be295ae4735e8aae098ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Publicação Direito Rio (publicacao.direitorio@fgv.br) on 2017-03-15T18:39:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV - Trabalho de Qualificação da Dissertação (DS) (28-02-17).pdf: 1238374 bytes, checksum: 77427104099be295ae4735e8aae098ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T13:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV - Trabalho de Qualificação da Dissertação (DS) (28-02-17).pdf: 1238374 bytes, checksum: 77427104099be295ae4735e8aae098ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / This paper deals with the repressive regime in the private insurance market ('MSP'), supervised by SUSEP – Superintendência de Seguros Privados. The research focus is to investigate the structure and the application of the norms that govern SUSEP's regulatory activity, regarding the application of the administrative sanction of fine on the individual offender. The administrative accountability in these cases is analyzed. For that, the theory of sanctioning is dealt with, dealing with the violation and the administrative sanction, especially the administrative penalty of fine. Some of the main principles of administrative sanctioning law are also highlighted, such as due process, lawfulness, characteristics and culpability. It also addresses the issue of relativisation of legality in special compliance regimes. These issues are displayed in an environment of sectoral regulation, therefore, contextualizing the sanctioning power of regulatory agencies. The repressive regime of the MSP is systematized. It identifies the National Council of Private Insurance (CNSP), the Resource Council of the National Private Insurance System (CRSNSP) and SUSEP. The normative archetype of the repressive regime of the MSP is presented, especially CNSP Resolution 243/11. A confrontation between SUSEP's guidelines and decisions of the CRSNSP in the opposite direction is made, regarding the imposition of the administrative penalty of fine on the individual offender, due to its administrative responsibility. At the end, as an outcome of the research, a set of constraints that ensure a more consistent application of the administrative penalty of fines on individuals - when considered as offenders in the MSP – is proposed. / O presente trabalho aborda o regime repressivo no mercado de seguros privados ('MSP'), fiscalizado pela Superintendência de Seguros Privados (SUSEP). O problema de pesquisa é investigar a estrutura e a aplicação das normas que regem a atividade regulatória da SUSEP, no que toca a aplicação da sanção administrativa de multa sobre o infrator pessoa física. Analisa-se a responsabilização administrativa realizada nestes casos. Para tanto, aborda-se a teoria da sanção, tratando do ilícito e da sanção administrativa, em especial da penalidade administrativa de multa. Alguns princípios informadores do direito administrativo sancionador também são destacados, tais como o devido processo legal, a legalidade, a tipicidade e a culpabilidade. Aborda-se, também, a questão da relativização da legalidade nos regimes de sujeição especial. Estas questões são expostas em um ambiente de regulação setorial, portanto, contextualizando-se o poder sancionador dos órgãos reguladores. É realizada a sistematização do regime repressivo do MSP. Identifica-se o Conselho Nacional de Seguros Privados (CNSP), o Conselho de Recursos do Sistema Nacional de Seguros Privados (CRSNSP) e a SUSEP. O arquétipo normativo do regime repressivo do MSP é descrito, destacando-se a Resolução CNSP no 243/11. Realiza-se um confronto entre orientações da SUSEP e decisões do CRSNSP em sentido contrário, a respeito da imposição da sanção administrativa de multa sobre o infrator pessoa física, em razão da sua responsabilização administrativa. Ao final, como resultado de pesquisa, propõe-se um conjunto de condicionantes que asseguram uma aplicação juridicamente mais consistente da penalidade administrativa de multa sobre as pessoas físicas, quando consideradas como infratores no MSP.