[ES] La ingeniería de requisitos es fundamental para el desarrollo de software ya que se encarga de obtener, analizar, especificar, validar y gestionar los requisitos del software. La definición incorrecta de los requisitos puede causar retrasos y sobrecostes. Además, es importante identificar los requisitos más relevantes y cuáles deberían implementarse primero considerando las limitaciones de recursos y teniendo cuenta distintos puntos de vista. Los modelos de objetivos destacan para obtener y modelar requisitos de alto nivel ya que se centran en los objetivos de los stakeholders y las relaciones entre ellos. Estos modelos ayudan a identificar los requisitos ya que capturan las motivaciones e intenciones de los stakeholders con respecto al software. Si bien existen diversas técnicas de análisis de modelos de objetivos, la mayoría se centran en la satisfacibilidad, identificando la compatibilidad entre objetivos gestionando así un problema importante de la ingeniería de requisitos. Las técnicas de modelos de objetivos adoptan un enfoque neutral con respecto al valor, considerando todos los objetivos igual de importantes. Si bien existen técnicas que utilizan la priorización de importancia junto con satisfacción, el enfoque principal es la satisfacción, haciendo que la importancia para los stakeholders quede relegado a un segundo plano. En consecuencia, los resultados pueden ayudar con la compatibilidad de los requisitos, pero no a identificar los más relevantes. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es definir y evaluar una técnica de análisis de modelos de objetivos que priorice los objetivos de un modelo de objetivos en función del valor que aportan según las preferencias de los stakeholders y las relaciones entre los objetivos, permitiendo identificar qué objetivos aportan más valor a los stakeholders. Esta técnica no pretende sustituir a las ya existentes sino complementarlas ya que no identifica la compatibilidad entre los objetivos sino cuáles proporcionan más valor. La técnica propuesta (VeGAn) hace uso de la lógica difusa para tratar la incertidumbre en la asignación de importancia relativa y de una técnica de toma de decisiones multicriterio ampliamente utilizada en la industria (TOPSIS) para calcular el valor, la cual se ve enriquecida por una técnica de propagación sistemática que provee información adicional sobre la interacción entre los objetivos en base a las relaciones del modelo de objetivos. Además, se ha desarrollado una herramienta que da soporte tecnológico a VeGAn automatizando la técnica y proporcionado una serie de funciones: i) importar modelos de objetivos de otras herramientas; ii) realizar validaciones sobre los datos introducidos; iii) ordenar los resultados según varios; y iv) almacenar información sobre distintos análisis de un modelo de objetivos para realizar comparaciones del valor obtenido. VeGAn se evaluó mediante un estudio de caso y una familia de experimentos. El estudio de caso verificó la aplicabilidad sistemática y consistente de la técnica, obteniendo retroalimentación para mejoras. La familia de experimentos involucró a 172 sujetos, estudiantes de ingeniería en informática y másteres en ingeniería del software donde se analizó la precisión de la priorización, tiempo de priorización, satisfacción percibida, facilidad de uso percibida, utilidad percibida e intención de uso percibida de los participantes aplicando VeGAn en oposición a GRL-Quant. El análisis estadístico indicó que ambas técnicas son similares salvo para la satisfacción percibida a favor de VeGAn. Esta tesis doctoral contribuye al ámbito de la ingeniería de requisitos y en especial a la elicitación temprana de requisitos mediante el uso de modelos de objetivos proporcionando una técnica de análisis que complementa a las ya existentes ayudando a priorizar aquellos objetivos que proporcionan más valor teniendo en cuenta el punto de vista de diversos stakeholders. / [CA] L'enginyeria de requisits és fonamental per al desenvolupament de programari ja que s'encarrega d'obtindre, analitzar, especificar, validar i gestionar els requisits del programari. La definició incorrecta dels requisits pot causar retards i sobrecostos. A més, és important identificar els requisits més rellevants i quins haurien d'implementar-se primer considerant les limitacions de recursos i tenint compte diferents punts de vista. Els models d'objectius destaquen per a obtindre i modelar requisits d'alt nivell ja que se centren en els objectius dels stakeholders i les relacions entre ells. Estos models ajuden a identificar els requisits ja que capturen les motivacions i intencions dels stakeholders respecte al programari. Si bé existixen diverses tècniques d'anàlisis de models d'objectius, la majoria se centren en la satisfacibilitat, identificant la compatibilitat entre objectius gestionant així un problema important de l'enginyeria de requisits. Les tècniques de models d'objectius adopten un enfocament neutral respecte al valor, considerant tots els objectius igual d'importants. Si bé existixen tècniques que utilitzen la priorització d'importància juntament amb satisfacció, l'enfocament principal és la satisfacció, fent que la importància per als stakeholders quede relegat a un segon pla. En conseqüència, els resultats poden ajudar amb la compatibilitat dels requisits, però no a identificar els més rellevants. L'objectiu d'esta tesi doctoral és definir i avaluar una tècnica d'anàlisi de models d'objectius que prioritze els objectius d'un model d'objectius en funció del valor que aporten segons les preferències dels stakeholders i les relacions entre els objectius, permetent identificar quins objectius aporten més valor als stakeholders. Esta tècnica no pretén substituir a les ja existents sinó complementar-les ja que no identifica la compatibilitat entre els objectius sinó quins proporcionen més valor. La tècnica proposada (VeGAn) fa ús de la lògica difusa per a tractar la incertesa en l'assignació d'importància relativa i d'una tècnica de presa de decisions multicriteri àmpliament utilitzada en la indústria (TOPSIS) per a calcular el valor, la qual es veu enriquida per una tècnica de propagació sistemàtica que proveïx informació addicional sobre la interacció entre els objectius sobre la base de les relacions del model d'objectius. A més, s'ha desenvolupat una ferramenta que dona suport tecnològic a VeGAn automatitzant la tècnica i proporcionat una sèrie de funcions: i) importar models d'objectius d'altres ferramentes; ii) realitzar validacions sobre les dades introduïdes; iii) ordenar els resultats segons varis; i iv) emmagatzemar informació sobre diferents anàlisis d'un model d'objectius per a realitzar comparacions del valor obtingut. VeGAn es va avaluar mitjançant un estudi de cas i una família d'experiments. L'estudi de cas va verificar l'aplicabilitat sistemàtica i consistent de la tècnica, obtenint retroalimentació per a millores. La família d'experiments va involucrar a 172 subjectes, estudiants d'enginyeria en informàtica i màsters en enginyeria del programari on es va analitzar la precisió de la priorització, temps de priorització, satisfacció percebuda, facilitat d'ús percebuda, utilitat percebuda i intenció d'ús percebuda dels participants aplicant VeGAn en oposició a GRL-Quant. L'anàlisi estadística va indicar que totes dues tècniques són similars excepte per a la satisfacció percebuda a favor de VeGAn. Esta tesi doctoral contribuïx a l'àmbit de l'enginyeria de requisits i especialment a la elicitació primerenca de requisits mitjançant l'ús de models d'objectius proporcionant una tècnica d'anàlisi que complementa a les ja existents ajudant a prioritzar aquells objectius que proporcionen més valor tenint en compte el punt de vista de diversos stakeholders. / [EN] Requirements engineering is fundamental to software development as it is responsible for eliciting, analysing, specifying, validating and managing software requirements. Incorrect definition of requirements can cause delays and cost overruns. Furthermore, it is important to identify the most relevant requirements and which ones should be implemented first considering resource constraints and taking into account different points of view. Goal models stand out at eliciting and modelling high-level requirements as they focus on stakeholder goals and the relationships between them. These models help identify requirements by capturing the motivations and intentions of stakeholders with respect to the software. Although there are a variety of goal-oriented analysis techniques, most focus on satisfiability, identifying compatibility between goals and thus managing an important requirements engineering problem. Goal-oriented analysis techniques adopt a value-neutral approach, considering all goals equally important. While there are techniques that use prioritisation of importance along with satisfaction, the main focus is on satisfaction, pushing importance to stakeholders into the background. As a result, the results may help with the compatibility of requirements, but not in identifying the most relevant ones. The objective of this PhD thesis is to define and evaluate a goal-oriented analysis technique that prioritises the goals of a goal model according to the value they provide according to the preferences of stakeholders and the relationships between the goals, making it possible to identify which goals provide the most value to stakeholders. This technique is not intended to replace existing techniques but to complement them, as it does not identify compatibility between goals but rather which ones provide the most value. The proposed technique (VeGAn) makes use of fuzzy logic to deal with uncertainty in assigning relative importance and a widely used multi-criteria decision-making technique in industry (TOPSIS) to calculate value, which is enriched by a systematic propagation technique that provides additional information on the interaction between goals based on the relationships of the goal model. In addition, a tool has been developed to provide technological support to VeGAn by automating the technique and providing a series of functions: i) importing goal models from other tools; ii) performing validations on the data entered; iii) sorting the results according to several; and iv) storing information on different analyses of a goal model in order to make comparisons of the value obtained. VeGAn was evaluated through a case study and a family of experiments. The case study verified the systematic and consistent applicability of the technique, obtaining feedback for improvements. The family of experiments involved 172 subjects, undergraduate students in computer engineering and masters in software engineering. The aim of the family was to analyse the participants' prioritisation accuracy, prioritisation time, perceived satisfaction, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived intention to use by applying VeGAn as opposed to GRL-Quant, a widely used goal modelling analysis method. Statistical analysis indicated that both techniques are similar except for perceived satisfaction in favour of VeGAn. This PhD thesis contributes to the field of requirements engineering and in particular to the early elicitation of requirements through the use of goal models by providing a goal-oriented analysis technique that complements the existing ones by helping to prioritise those goals that provide the most value taking into account the point of view of various stakeholders. / Cano Genovés, C. (2024). Análisis de modelos de objetivos basado en valor mediante lógica difusa y toma de decisiones multicriterio [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/207550

This paper presents a piece of software to automatically extract requirements captured in Microsoft Word files while using domain knowledge. In a subsequent step, these requirements are enhanced for implementation purposes and ultimately saved to ReqIF, an XML-based file format for the exchange of specification documents. ReqIF can be processed by a wide range of industry-standard requirements management tools. By way of this enhancement a formalization of both the document structure and selected elements of its natural language contents is achieved. In its current version, the software was specifically developed for processing the Subset-026, a conceptually demanding specification document covering the core functionality of the pan-European train protection system ETCS. Despite this initial focus, the two-part design of this thesis facilitates a generic applicability of its findings: Section 2 presents the fundamental challenges of weakly structured specification documents and devotes a large part to the computation of unique, but human-readable requirement identifiers. Section 3, however, delves into more domain-specific features, the text processing capabilities, and the actual implementation of this novel software. Due to the open-source nature of the application, an adaption to other use-cases can be achieved with comparably little effort. / Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit einer Software zur automatisierten Extraktion von Anforderungen aus Dokumenten im Microsoft Word Format unter Nutzung von Domänenwissen. In einem nachgelagerten Schritt werden diese Anforderungen für Implementierungszwecke aufgewertet und schließlich als ReqIF, einem XML-basierten Dateiformat zum Austausch von Spezifikationsdokumenten, gespeichert. ReqIF wird von zahlreichen branchenüblichen Anforderungsmanagementwerkzeugen unterstützt. Durch die Aufwertung wird eine Formalisierung der Struktur sowie ausgewählter Teile der natürlichsprachlichen Inhalte des Dokuments erreicht. Die jetzige Version der Software wurde speziell für die Verarbeitung des Subset-026 entwickelt, eines konzeptionell anspruchsvollen Anforderungsdokuments zur Beschreibung der Kernfunktionalität des europaweiten Zugsicherungssystems ETCS. Trotz dieser ursprünglichen Intention erlaubt die zweigeteilte Gestaltung der Arbeit eine allgemeine Anwendung der Ergebnisse: Abschnitt 2 zeigt die grundsätzlichen Herausforderungen in Bezug auf schwach strukturierte Anforderungsdokumente auf und widmet sich dabei ausführlich der Ermittlung von eindeutigen, aber dennoch menschenlesbaren Anforderungsidentifikatoren. Abschnitt 3 befasst sich hingegen eingehender mit den domänenspezifischen Eigenschaften, den Textaufbereitungsmöglichkeiten und der konkreten Implementierung der neuen Software. Da die Software unter open-source Prinzipien entwickelt wurde, ist eine Anpassung an andere Anwendungsfälle mit relativ geringem Aufwand möglich.

Esta tese objetiva propor uma metodologia de especificação de requisitos de usabilidade e segurança orientada para arquitetura (MERUSA) aplicável a sistemas digitais de automação distribuídos e abertos. A estratégia utilizada para atingir esse objetivo consiste no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia focalizada nos processos de elicitação e análise dos requisitos de usabilidade e segurança, sincronizada com a evolução da arquitetura do sistema computacional. O modelo de referência ODP (Open Distributed Process) é utilizado como uma referência básica desse processo, fornecendo conceitos, procedimentos e modelos adequados à especificação e ao desenvolvimento de sistemas distribuídos e abertos de automação (orientados a objeto ou não), permitindo obter uma infra-estrutura coerente e gerenciável, com exigentes requisitos de integração. A eficácia da metodologia é verificada com a sua aplicação a um meta-modelo de especificação de projeto para sistemas digitais de controle distribuído de transmissão de energia para o sistema elétrico brasileiro. / This thesis purposes one new architecture oriented safety and usability requirements specification methodology (MERUSA) applied to open and distributed automation digital systems. The strategy used to achieve this goal consists on the development of a methodology centered on safety and usability requirement elicitation and analysis processes, synchronized with computational system architectural evolution. The RM-ODP (Reference Model of Open Distributed Process) is used as basic reference of this process. This pattern. supplies concepts, procedures and models appropriated to open and distributed system specification and development (object oriented or not), providing one coherent and manageable framework, with strong integration requirements. The methodology effectiveness is verified with its application to a project specification meta-model for energy transmission distributed control digital systems of Brazilian electrical system.

Esta tese objetiva propor uma metodologia de especificação de requisitos de usabilidade e segurança orientada para arquitetura (MERUSA) aplicável a sistemas digitais de automação distribuídos e abertos. A estratégia utilizada para atingir esse objetivo consiste no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia focalizada nos processos de elicitação e análise dos requisitos de usabilidade e segurança, sincronizada com a evolução da arquitetura do sistema computacional. O modelo de referência ODP (Open Distributed Process) é utilizado como uma referência básica desse processo, fornecendo conceitos, procedimentos e modelos adequados à especificação e ao desenvolvimento de sistemas distribuídos e abertos de automação (orientados a objeto ou não), permitindo obter uma infra-estrutura coerente e gerenciável, com exigentes requisitos de integração. A eficácia da metodologia é verificada com a sua aplicação a um meta-modelo de especificação de projeto para sistemas digitais de controle distribuído de transmissão de energia para o sistema elétrico brasileiro. / This thesis purposes one new architecture oriented safety and usability requirements specification methodology (MERUSA) applied to open and distributed automation digital systems. The strategy used to achieve this goal consists on the development of a methodology centered on safety and usability requirement elicitation and analysis processes, synchronized with computational system architectural evolution. The RM-ODP (Reference Model of Open Distributed Process) is used as basic reference of this process. This pattern. supplies concepts, procedures and models appropriated to open and distributed system specification and development (object oriented or not), providing one coherent and manageable framework, with strong integration requirements. The methodology effectiveness is verified with its application to a project specification meta-model for energy transmission distributed control digital systems of Brazilian electrical system.

Mit der stetigen Konsolidierung der Web Service Standards vollzieht sich in der Diskussion zu serviceorientierten Architekturen ein Wechsel weg von der Implementierung und dem Deployment von Services hin zum Service Management. Die Indikatoren: Anzahl der Standardisierungsanfragen und die Menge großer Forschungsprogramme in diesem Bereich sind evident für einen wachsenden Bedarf an Managementmethoden für die Abbildung von Geschäftsanforderungen auf Servicekompositionen. Die Verwendung von semiformalen Modellen sowie die verteilte Entwicklung von SOA Services machen eine an Konventionen orientierte konstruktive Einschränkung der Freiheitsgrade bei der Prozess- und Servicemodellierung notwendig. In dieser Arbeit wird eine generische Methode vorgestellt, welche durch die Einführung von „Beschreibungsrahmen“ (Description Kits) sowohl eine Einschränkung der Modellierungsfreiheit in Bezug auf natürlichsprachliche Aspekte in fachkonzeptuellen Modellen erlaubt, als auch eine restriktive Benutzung bestehender Modellierungssprachen ermöglicht. Als Anwendungsfall wird die Konfiguration serviceorientierter Architekturen diskutiert. - (Die Dissertation ist veröffentlicht im Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, http://www.logos-verlag.de, ISBN: 978-3-8325-2402-9) / With Service-oriented Architectures (SOA) companies are facing a paradigm shift towards services as the key unit of their enterprise architectures. An exploitation of the potential of Service-oriented Architectures is up to the applicability of semi-formal business models for a transformation into service compositions. However, several conceptual shortcomings prevent semi-formal models from being a suitable resource of an automated transformation process. Problems result from a multitude of modeling aims, objects, and procedures. Enhancements in order to solve these problems require both systematic preparation, and a methodical approach. This thesis provides a modeling method for business process-oriented SOA design using a meta-model based approach. An integrated modeling environment gives an overview of business requirements and allows appropriate assignment of SOA services to the business functions at the same time. The research refers to the example of process-oriented analysis and optimization of administrative procedures in German universities.

Quality online health information/knowledge is globally in high demand. Achieving such quality necessitates a multi-disciplinary requirements engineering approach that enables elicitation, analysis and representation of the viewpoints from a broad variety of related sources. These sources include health and health education/promotion professionals, health informaticians and application design experts, and health consumers, the primary users of such knowledge. In addition, maintaining and improving quality over time requires such a large set of viewpoints to be updated regularly. This dissertation endeavors to provide an enabling methodology to address the above needs specifically in the field of eHealth. This research was conducted in two steps. In the first step, the existing methods of requirements engineering applicable into our particular scope of eHealth applications, aimed at health promotion/education, were reviewed to develop a framework for knowledge requirements engineering. In the second step, the usability and usefulness of the proposed framework were evaluated throughout a four-phase study (0-III). During this study, knowledge requirements engineering was used to specify the pieces of information that should be included in a quality health Web site targeting university students. Within the established framework, requirements data was gathered from various sources, including literature, existing Web sites, and interviews with local health professionals and university students. The evaluation results showed that the pieces of information and health topics specified using the framework consistently matched those the subjects preferred. In addition, the findings provided evidence that such information, when used by health search engines to index and retrieve online health resources, helped the subjects choose the resources that actually matched their interest. Finally, the data showed a higher satisfaction of the subjects with the health Web site that was built based on the knowledge requirements specified, as compared to the other selected health Web sites. This dissertation makes significant contributions to the fields of health informatics, health promotion, and requirements engineering. It contributes to the field of health informatics by expanding the scope of requirements engineering to include the field of eHealth and knowledge provision. The approach presented illustrates how various viewpoints related to requirements knowledge should be elicited, analyzed, and reasoned to build valid knowledge requirements specifications representing viewpoints of all sources consulted. It also illustrates how such specifications can be used as a basis to build quality eHealth applications. In the field of health promotion, this dissertation demonstrates a knowledge provision methodology that is grounded in the models of health behaviour change. This methodology allows health educators to rationally and accurately specify not only the health topics of high interests to health consumers, but also the type of knowledge they would prefer to be provided in the related knowledge artifacts. More particularly, this research has specified the health knowledge content of preference to adolescent consumers. These specifications highlight the particular knowledge needs of this age group, which can be used as a basis for local to national health promotion activities targeting these consumers. Finally, the research contributes to the field of requirements engineering by illustrating an integrated requirements engineering approach that accommodates multiple viewpoints and allows transparent reasoning and representation of requirements. It is anticipated that the concept of knowledge requirements engineering introduced and discussed in this dissertation will open a new area of research and practice for health informaticians. Subsequently, the methodology demonstrated can be improved and further advanced to address the needs of other domains of health and health-related knowledge.

The growing need for computer software in different sectors of activity, (health, agriculture, industries, education, aeronautic, science and telecommunication) together with the increasing reliance of the society as a whole on information technology, is placing a heavy and fast growing demand on complex and high quality software systems. In this regard, the anticipation has been on non-functional requirements (NFRs) engineering and formal methods. Despite their common objective, these techniques have in most cases evolved separately. NFRs engineering proceeds firstly, by deriving measures to evaluate the quality of the constructed software (product-oriented approach), and secondarily by improving the engineering process (process-oriented approach). With the ability to combine the analysis of both functional and non-functional requirements, Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) approaches have become de facto leading requirements engineering methods. They propose through refinement/operationalisation, means to satisfy NFRs encoded in softgoals at an early phase of software development. On the other side, formal methods have kept, so far, their promise to eliminate errors in software artefacts to produce high quality software products and are therefore particularly solicited for safety and mission critical systems for which a single error may cause great loss including human life. This thesis introduces the concept of Complementary Non-functional action (CNF-action) to extend the analysis and development of NFRs beyond the traditional goals/softgoals analysis, based on refinement/operationalisation, and to propagate the influence of NFRs to other software construction phases. Mechanisms are also developed to integrate the formal technique Z/Object-Z into the standardised User Requirements Notation (URN) to formalise GRL models describing functional and non-functional requirements, to propagate CNF-actions of the formalised NFRs to UCMs maps, to facilitate URN construction process and the quality of URN models. / School of Computing / D. Phil (Computer Science)

The Model Driven Development (MDD) promotes the use of models to generate software solutions, in which models are the primary development artifact. In recent years, studies in software engineering area (ES) have been intensified and several solutions, definitions, methods and structures are being generated. However, this paradigm, as it is considered by some authors, has not been effectively used, as the ES covers various aspects, and not everyone is prepared for MDD. The Requirements Engineering (RE) is highlighted in this scenario, since it comprises the initial phase of the development process and the product generated must meet the requirements set out in that time. Once the code ceases to be the focus of development in the context of MDD, it is necessary to identify whether the requirements defined at the beginning of the project while under transformation remain faithful as well as the allocated elements to each requirement at all stages and possible impacts in case of change. In this context, it is important to introduce the concepts of traceability requirements in MDD. Thus, this work presents the R2MDD, a framework which aims to monitor and track requirements for the transformation of models to the generation of source code. The R2MDD seeks to identify impacts, ensure the consistency of requirements and other characteristics, as well as generate information management level, benefiting all stakeholders. An experimental study was conducted with the assistance of Qualitas model at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe (HU - UFS) to assess the R2MDD, highlighting its advantages and limitations. / O Model Driven Development (MDD) promove o uso de modelos na geração de soluções de software, na qual os modelos são o artefato principal do desenvolvimento. Nos últimos anos, estudos na área de Engenharia de Software (ES) tem sido intensificados e diversas soluções, definições, métodos e estruturas estão sendo geradas. Entretanto, esse paradigma, como é considerado por alguns autores, ainda não é utilizado de forma efetiva, visto que a ES abrange diversos aspectos e nem todos estão preparados para o MDD. A Engenharia de Requisitos (ER) ganha destaque nesse cenário, pois compreende a fase inicial do processo de desenvolvimento e o produto gerado deve atender aos requisitos definidos nesse momento. Uma vez que o código deixa de ser o foco do desenvolvimento no contexto de MDD, surge a necessidade de identificar se os requisitos definidos no início do projeto, ao serem transformados, mantém-se fieis, bem como identificar os elementos alocados a cada requisito em todas as fases e possíveis impactos em caso de alteração. Nesse contexto, torna-se importante introduzir os conceitos da rastreabilidade de requisitos em MDD. Dessa forma, este trabalho apresenta o R2MDD, um framework que visa monitorar e rastrear requisitos durante as transformações de modelos até a geração de código fonte. O R2MDD busca identificar impactos, garantir a consistência dos requisitos e demais características, bem como gerar informações a nível gerencial, que beneficiam todos os stakeholders. Um caso exemplo foi realizado com o auxílio do modelo Qualitas no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (HU – UFS) a fim de avaliar o R2MDD, destacar suas vantagens e identificar suas limitações.

Requirements Engineering (ER) has an important role in Software Engineering for being an early stage of the software development process. ER serves as the basis for implementation of other activities, contributing decisively to the quality of the final software product. Requirements Elicitation process is among the main concerns of ER. It involves the recognition and description of customer needs, in such a way that it is possible to reflect the business accurately and consistent. Moreover, in general, most problems that occur during the process of software development are caused by failures in the early stages. In this context, emerging approaches such as Model-Driven Developement (MDD) and Business Process Modeling (MPN). Such approaches seek to understand and describe business processes and enable a closer look of the domain. As well, especially when backed by support tools, using approaches such as MDD and MPN can contribute to improving the quality of the requirements and the requirements Elicitation process. This work presents ModelER approach, which seeks to promote improvements in Requirements Elicitation process, through the use of concepts and practices of the MDD and the MPN for identifying software requirements. / A Engenharia de Requisitos (ER) possui um importante papel na Engenharia de Software pelo fato de compreender uma fase inicial do processo de desenvolvimento de software. Ela serve de base para a realização das demais atividades, contribuindo decisivamente para a qualidade do produto de software final. O processo de Elicitação de Requisitos está entre as principais preocupações da ER. Ele envolve o reconhecimento e a descrição das necessidades dos clientes, de tal forma que seja possível refletir o negócio de forma precisa e coerente. Além disso, de maneira geral, a maior parte dos problemas que ocorrem durante o processo de desenvolvimento de software é causada por falhas nas fases iniciais. Diante desse contexto, surgem abordagens tais como o Desenvolvimento Orientado por Modelos (Model-Driven Developement MDD) e a Modelagem de Processos de Negócio (Business Process Modeling MPN1). Tais abordagens tanto buscam compreender e descrever os processos de negócio, quanto permitem uma visão mais próxima do domínio. Assim, sobretudo quando apoiadas por ferramentas de suporte, o uso de abordagens como MDD e MPN pode contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos requisitos e do processo de Elicitação de Requisitos. Este trabalho apresenta a abordagem ModelER, a qual busca promover melhorias no processo de Elicitação de Requisitos, através da utilização de conceitos e práticas do MDD e da MPN para identificação de requisitos de software.

Die demografische Entwicklung und die fachliche Spezialisierung medizinischer Organisationen führen zu immer komplexeren Behandlungswegen. Eine grundsätzliche Herausforderung komplexer Behandlungswege besteht darin, die Versorgungskontinuität zu wahren, obschon viele verschiedene Einrichtungen am Behandlungsweg agieren. Die Versorgungskontinuität hängt dabei maßgeblich von einer effektiven Kooperation und effizienten Kommunikation der beteiligten Akteure ab. Die folgende Arbeit ist der Frage gewidmet, welches Potenzial die elektronische Gesundheitskarte (eGK) in diesem transinstitutionellen Szenario für die Patienten birgt. Eine entscheidende Empfehlung im Rahmen des Requirements Engineering (RE) besteht darin, als Erstes die Anforderungen der Anwender zu analysieren und erst daran anschließend die Funktionalität des technischen Systems hinsichtlich der Anforderungskonformität zu evaluieren. Dieser Empfehlung folgend führte der Verfasser dieser Abhandlung dreizehn teilstrukturierte Interviews, fünf Projektsteuerungsmeetings und einen Workshop mit Patienten und medizinischen Experten durch, um fünf komplexe Behandlungswege aus der Perspektive der Patienten zu rekonstruieren. Die Auswertung, Strukturierung und Validierung der dem Behandlungskontext inhärenten Probleme mündeten in fünfundvierzig Einzelproblemen, die zu fünf finalen Patientenanforderungen verdichtet werden konnten. Im zweiten Schritt analysierte der Verfasser dieser Arbeit die Funktionalität der eGK hinsichtlich der Fähigkeit, diesen fünf Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Die vorliegende Potenzialanalyse hebt sich von den bisherigen Forschungsarbeiten zur eGK insbesondere durch zwei Merkmale ab: Erstens erfolgt die Analyse konsequent aus der Perspektive der Patienten und zweitens sind dabei die organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen intensiv berücksichtigt worden. In dieser Abhandlung werden die Behandlungswege von fünf Patienten fallstudienbasiert aus einer ganzheitlichen Perspektive beleuchtet. Es wird gezeigt, dass fünf grundsätzliche Patientenanforderungen zu erfüllen sind. Diese fünf Anforderungen basieren auf Problemen, die erstens mit einer effizienten Informationslogistik, zweitens mit dem Recht auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung, drittens mit der Versorgungskontinuität, viertens mit der Gesamtsteuerung der Behandlung und fünftens mit administrativen Aufgaben zusammenhängen. Auf dieser Basis konnten insgesamt zehn Fachanwendungen identifiziert und im Rahmen eines visionären Anwendungsfalles exemplarisch veranschaulicht werden, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie das Potenzial der geplanten Telematik-Infrastruktur (TI) hinsichtlich der Anforderungen der Patienten besonders gut ausschöpfen.