Stream chemistry changes in response to snowmelt, but does not typically reflect thechemistry of the snowpack. This suggests that flow processes between snowmelt and streamsystem, such as interactions with the soil and bedrock, have an important control on waterchemistry and highlight the complex flow pathways from the snowpack to stream. To investigateflow processes in the upper Provo River watershed, northern Utah, we sampled three sites on theriver ~20 times per year during 2016 and 2017. The sites, from highest elevations to lowest wereSoapstone, Woodland, and Hailstone, corresponding to locations of active stream gauges. Toidentify possible water sources to the stream during snowmelt, water samples were taken forsnow, ephemeral streams, soil water, lake, and spring water. To investigate potential impacts ofmineralogy, samples were taken for dust, soil and bedrock. The upper Provo River showeddistinct temporal variation in filtered (<0.45 microns) stream water for 87Sr/86Sr, dissolvedorganic carbon (DOC), silica (Si), and Lead (Pb) during the snowmelt season. The watershed hasdistinct 87Sr/86Sr ratios for bedrock (0.7449)

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / While several interventions have been implemented over the past decade to combat child mortality, under-five mortality remains a challenge especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Global-ly, child mortality has decreased to half from 12.7 million in 1990 to 5.9 million per year in 2015. Despite these remarkable gains, more than 16,000 children are dying daily in the world (World Health Organisation, 2015). Previous studies on child survival have examined the contributing factors of child deaths and HIV/AIDS epidemic and socio-economic differentials such as the level of education, type of place of residence,and mother’s occupational status were identified as the contributing factor towards the high rate of under-five mortality. How-ever, there is a paucity of studies focusing on the impact of socio-economic and demographic factors on under-five mortality. Hence this study aims to explore the impact of socio-economic and demographic factors on under-five mortality in South Africa. There are underlying factors or background determinants (including direct and indirect) of under-five mortality. These factors influence under-five mortality in South Africa, and the direct causes are called proximate determinants or demographic factors. The conceptual framework of Mosley and Chen (1984) was adopted to explore the ways of influence of the underlying factors on under-five mortality in their study of determinants of child survival.

El presente proyecto es una Residencia Universitaria, la cual esta ubicada en el distrito de Pueblo Libre donde se encuentra cerca a diversas universidades y centros de esparcimiento. Este proyecto busca, ante la demanda existente, suplir la necesidad de vivienda para estudiantes de provincia, del extranjero y quienes deseen vivir cerca de la universidad. Asimismo, la residencia esta conformado por un proyecto inmobiliario de vivienda el cual se acomoda a las exigencias de la zona y busca mediante ambientes de esparcimiento generar un sentido de comunidad entre los usuarios. Además, cuenta con espacios destinados a locales comerciales para hacerlo más atractivo a los inversionistas. El objetivo de la residencia es dar alojamiento a los estudiantes a través de espacios flexibles los cuales se adapten a sus necesidades. Además, mediante espacios de reunión y ocio, busca generar una integración social y cultural entre los usuarios. Con la propuesta para el diseño de la residencia universitaria, se busca plantear ambientes de calidad en los cuales el estudiante pueda desarrollarse tanto en lo personal, en lo académico y en lo social. / This project is a Student Housing, which is located in the district of Pueblo Libre, where it is located near various universities and leisure centers. This project seeks, in the face of existing demand, the need for housing for provincial students, from abroad and those who wish to live near the university. Likewise, the residence consists of a housing project that meets the demands of the area and seeks recreational environments to generate a sense of community among users. In addition, it has spaces destined to commercial premises to make it more attractive to investors. The objective of the residence is the accommodation in the students through flexible spaces that adapt to their needs. In addition, through meeting and leisure spaces, it seeks to generate social and cultural integration among users. With the proposal for the design of the university residence, seeks to raise quality environments in which the student can develop both personally, academically and socially. / Tesis

Abstract This research report examines the relationship between legal status and national identity formation. It is based on a qualitative research of former refugees from Mozambique who have lived and settled in the Northern Province of South Africa now called Limpopo province in the border areas with Mozambique for over twenty years. The report compares the narratives of former Mozambican refugees in South Africa who have acquired permanent residence and citizenship with those that are undocumented. The distinction between undocumented and documented former refugees allows me to look at the role of access to services in identity formation, since most government services in South Africa, as elsewhere, are not accessible without legal documentation. Since most services are, however, accessible for both permanent residents and citizens, the distinction between these two statuses allow me to explore whether there is a more symbolic meaning attached to citizenship. Drawing from citizenship theory, variations in the attachment to South Africa or Mozambique that emerged in the research data are analysed in terms of the refugees’ experience of social inclusion or social exclusion norms. The benefits of social inclusion and how it shapes positive attitudes towards attaching to South Africa is discussed.

Modèle monodimensionnel de type Piston-Dispersion. Le terme de dispersion axiale englobe alors toutes les imperfections de l'écoulement : injection des fluides non homogène dans l’espace et étalée dans le temps, effet de parois, et enfin volumes morts derrière les obstacles noyés dans le tamis (poutres, conduites...) dans le cas des Lits Mobiles Simulés. Cette représentation, quoique très simpliste, s'avère généralement suffisante tant que l’étalement des fronts de concentration est d'abord induit par les limitations au transfert externe, interne (macro/microporeux) et par la thermodynamique du système. Par contre, lorsque l’adsorbant employé présente d’excellentes performances de transfert, une approche aussi simple s'avère extrêmement risquée. En effet, les phénomènes dispersifs associés à l’adsorbant (transfert et thermodynamique) et à l’hydrodynamique ont des contributions de même ordre de grandeur sur la dispersion des fronts de concentration. Dans ce cas, une description plus réaliste de l'écoulement est requise afin de mieux appréhender son effet sur les performances de séparation.Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce projet de thèse est de mettre en place une méthodologie pour prendre en compte ces phénomènes hydrodynamiques lors de l’extrapolation d’un procédé de séparation par adsorption. Pour cela, nous proposons une étude du couplage entre les phénomènes hydrodynamiques et le phénomène d’adsorption. / Hydrodynamics inside industrial Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) adsorption columns can be complex due to the presence of internal distribution devices, free flow chambers and heterogeneous injections. These have to be taken into account in SMB numerical models to scale-up purposes. In the present thesis, a CFD approach is adopted as an intermediate step to develop a 1D model simple enough to be used for cyclic SMB simulations while being able to represent realistic hydrodynamics. This model results from the interpretation of the moments of the fluid age distribution, transported by CFD according to the method developed by Liu and Tilton (2010) that allows to estimate the degree of mixing (Liu, 2011) of the adsorption columns. The resulting 1D model consists in the two examples provided by Zwietering (1959) of a completely segregated system and a maximum mixedness system. This model is able to reproduce the residence time distribution of the CFD model of an adsorption column, while being representative of the internal flow patterns. This results in a good representation of the coupling of adsorption and hydrodynamics by the 1D model. When integrated in a SMB simulator and compared to the traditionally used dispersed plug flow model, the new 1D model demonstrates that for most of the adsorption column geometries considered a detailed hydrodynamic description is mandatory. Such detailed hydrodynamic description is even more important when employing adsorbents with better mass transfer performances than those currently used for the p-xylene purification, which is expected in the upcoming years.

Institutions of higher education are replete with programs designed to position incoming undergraduate students to successfully persist toward a degree and to do and be well along the way. This longitudinal field study of incoming students’ transitional year focused on outcomes associated with two common types of program: bridge programs and living-learning programs. Bridge programs are intended to boost achievement and persistence of structurally disadvantaged (e.g., low-income) students to close the gap between them and their more advantaged peers, usually with some combination of financial and academic support. Living-learning programs are intended to generally promote achievement and persistence through the intentional formation of communities in which groups of students live together in wings of residence halls and engage in curricular and/or cocurricular activities together. Social-psychological interventions have been inspired by critiques that such programs inadequately support students who are at a structural disadvantage. Specifically, critiques have argued that financial and academic support are insufficient, that students also need psychological support. To strongly test that claim, I replicated one of these interventions within a bridge program and examined whether it affected students’ wellness and success at the end of their transitional year, over and above the bridge program itself. I also examined whether living-learning programs contributed to students’ wellness and success over and above living in conventional residence halls, and whether either of those two types of residential groups differed from students living off-campus. Results from the intervention did not fit the theoretical framework on which it was based, the same framework contextualized in the bridge program, or an alternative framework on which other similar interventions are based. Results regarding residential groups suggest that living-learning communities did not augment wellness or success, at least at the particular institution under study. Rather, living on campus generally is associated with a greater sense of social-belonging, higher life satisfaction, more extracurricular activity, and taking advantage of campus resources. Practical advice and recommendations for administrators and researchers are outlined in the Discussion.

Orientador: José Paiani Spaniol / Resumo: Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo empírico sobre a presença do sal na constituição de paisagens que exibem tal matéria como um dos elementos de sua formação. As Paisagens de Sal escolhidas nesta pesquisa foram as salinas de Araruama, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; o Deserto de Atacama, no Chile; e o Salar de Uyuni, na Bolívia. Através de residências artísticas realizadas nestes locais, se pretende o registro de imagens e vídeos, coleta de objetos e entrevistas que revelem as características visuais, históricas e culturais que o sal impõe a estas paisagens, bem como as especificidades cromáticas, materiais e naturais exibidas em cada uma das localidades. Como resultado das reflexões e da experiência vivenciada nas residências, também se pretende a produção de ações artísticas nas Paisagens de Sal, derivadas dos dados e impressões colhidos durante a pesquisa. / Abstract: This research aims to present a study on the presence of salt in the constitution of landscapes that exhibit such matter as a landscape forming element. The Salt Landscapes chosen in this research were the Araruama salt salines, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the Atacama Desert in Chile; and the Salar de Uyuni, in Bolivia. Through artistic residences in these places, the aim was to collect images, photographs, videos, interviews that reveal the visual, historical and cultural characteristics that the salt imposes on the landscapes, as well as the specific conditions in each one of the localities. Artistic actions are also foreseen in the Salt Landscapes as a result and reflection of the data collected in the research. / Doutor

Introdução - São José dos Campos é um importante centro econômico e polo industrial, situado em uma região de vale e baixa dispersão atmosférica. Essas características são sugestivas de importante poluição do ar local, a qual pode afetar a saúde de populações mais vulneráveis, como a de idosos. Considerando que hospitalização de idosos pode estar relacionada também a fatores de risco, como a exposição à poluição em decorrência do local de moradia e à renda familiar, este trabalho propõe um estudo da distribuição espacial dos locais de habitação de idosos internados por doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares, que podem ser associadas a processos da poluição do ar, verificando a existência de distribuição aleatória ou formação de agrupamentos e a correlação com a renda familiar predominante nos setores socioeconômicos do Município. Casuística e Métodos - Foi elaborado um banco de dados registrando os endereços, com coordenadas geográficas, de pacientes idosos internados por doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias no Hospital Municipal de São José dos Campos, no ano de 2010. Foi realizada a espacialização desses endereços sobre o mapa da área urbana, bem como a espacialização da Taxa de Internação desses idosos sobre o mapa dos setores socioeconômicos do Município. Analisou-se a distribuição espacial da Taxa de Internação, utilizando-se estatística descritiva e Índice de Moran. Foi analisada a distribuição geográfica dos locais de habitação dos pacientes internados, aplicando-se o Estimador de Kernel. Resultados - Foram identificadas 1.200 internações de idosos por doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares. O Índice de Moran, com base na divisão socioeconômica e taxas de internação do Município, não identificou agrupamentos de setores. Porém, a aplicação do Estimador de Kernel na espacialização dos locais de habitação permitiu a visualização de agrupamentos no entorno de importante autoestrada e fonte emissora de poluentes. Conclusões - A existência de agrupamentos de habitações de pacientes internados, próximos à principal rodovia que atravessa o Município, sugere correlação com a poluição por emissões veiculares. Não foram observadas evidências conclusivas sobre a correlação espacial entre taxa de internação e renda. O Inventário de Emissões de Poluentes Atmosféricos do Município, através da caracterização das fontes de poluição, corroborou a identificação de fatores de risco sanitário e ambiental / Introduction - São José dos Campos is an important economic and industrial hub center, located in a valley and region of low atmospheric dispersion. These features are suggestive of important local air pollution, which can affect the health of vulnerable populations such as the aged. Whereas hospitalization of the aged may also be related to risk factors such as exposure to pollution from the place of residence and family income, this thesis proposes a study of the spatial distribution of housing sites for aged patients hospitalized for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases which may be associated to air pollution processes, checking for random distribution or formation of clusters and the correlation with the predominant household income in socioeconomic sectors of the Municipality. Casuistry and Methods - A database was developed registering addresses with geographical coordinates of aged patients hospitalized for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases at São José dos Campos Municipal Hospital, in the year 2010. The spatial distribution of these addresses was performed on the map of the urban area as well as the spatial rate of hospitalization of the aged on the socio-economic sectors map of the Municipality. The spatial distribution of the hospitalization rate was analyzed, using descriptive statistics and the Moran\'s Index. The geographic distribution of housing sites of hospitalized patients was analyzed by applying the Kernel Estimator. Results - 1,200 hospitalizations of aged people were identified for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The Moran\'s Index, based on socioeconomic division and admission rates to the municipality, not identified groups of sectors. However, the application of Kernel Estimator for interpolation of local housing allowed the visualization of clusters around the major highway and emission source of pollutants. Conclusions - The existence of clusters of dwellings inpatients, near the main highway that runs through the municipality, suggests correlation with pollution from vehicle emissions. No conclusive evidence on the spatial correlation between hospitalization rate and income were observed. The Emission Inventory of Air Pollutants of the Municipality, through the characterization of pollution sources, corroborated the identification of health and environmental risk factors

É apresentado um estudo de distribuição do tempo de residência nas etapas de um processo de pasteurização contínuo por trocador de calor a placas (aquecimento, resfriamento, regeneração e retenção). Para o estudo experimental, foi adotada a técnica condutimétrica usando cloreto de sódio em solução aquosa como traçador. Foram verificadas as influências da vazão, da configuração do trocador de calor a placas (número de passes para o arranjo em série) e do tipo de tubo de retenção (tubo em \"S\" e tubo helicoidal). Modelos de distribuição foram usados para representar o comportamento experimental (dispersão axial, tanques em série, laminar modificado, combinado PFR+CSTR). Este estudo foi aplicado para as condições de pasteurização HTST de leite, visando a futura implementação de uma modelagem matemática rigorosa do processo, para otimização do projeto e operação do processo. / It is presented a study of residence time distribution in the steps of a process of continuous pasteurization by plate heat exchanger (heating, cooling, regeneration and holding). For the experimental study, it was adopted a conductimetric technique using sodium chloride in aqueous solution as a tracer. It was also studied the influence of the flow rate, the configuration of the plate heat exchanger (number of passes in series arrangement) and the type of holding tube (\"S\"- shaped tube and helicoidal tube). Distribution models were used for representing the experimental behavior (axial dispersion, tank in series, modified laminar, combined PFR+CSTR). This study was applied for the conditions of HTST pasteurization of milk, targeting the future implementation of a rigorous mathematical modeling of the process, which can be applied for the process operation and optimization of the project design.

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que tomou como objeto de estudo a formação dos profissionais da saúde para o SUS, na modalidade Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família (RMSF). Os objetivos foram: identificar a concepção de competência que orienta a prática pedagógica dos preceptores do curso; identificar as competências profissionais referidas por trabalhadores das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família como necessárias no cotidiano de sua prática profissional e construir um perfil de competências para orientar a formação profissional na modalidade residência. Como categoria conceitual e analítica, utilizou-se a competência, tal como definida por Perrenoud, ancorada na concepção de trabalho em saúde de Mendes-Gonçalves e de trabalho em equipe de Peduzzi. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um curso de RMSF de uma instituição de ensino da cidade de São Paulo que tem como parceira uma instituição filantrópica responsável pela gestão de Unidades Básicas de Saúde da ESF. A população foi composta por preceptores do curso e profissionais da saúde que desenvolvem suas atividades profissionais na Estratégia Saúde da Família. A amostra foi constituída pela totalidade dos preceptores (15 participantes) e pelos profissionais por eles indicados como competentes no cotidiano da prática na ESF (8 participantes). Utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados e, para análise dos dados empíricos, a técnica de análise de discurso proposta por Fiorin e adaptada por Car e Bertolozzi. Os discursos foram decompostos em frases temáticas e essas, em conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes, segundo os quatro pilares da educação preconizados por Delors. Em seguida, à luz do referencial teórico, procedeu-se à recomposição desses conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes em competências, classificadas nas áreas de domínio propostas por Witt: valores profissionais, comunicação, trabalho em equipe, gerência, orientada à comunidade, promoção da saúde, resolução de problemas, atenção à saúde, educacional e em ciências básicas da saúde pública e coletiva. A construção desse perfil de competências revelou, entre outros aspectos, a necessidade de pensar a formação na RMSF a partir de uma perspectiva ampliada do processo- saúde doença dos indivíduos, assim como refletiu as competências e ações que devem ser desenvolvidas por todos os profissionais no contexto da ESF / It\'s a qualitative research that had as the object of study the formation of healthcare professionals for SUS, in the Multiprofessional Residence in Family Health (MRFH) modality. The aims were to: identify the competence conception that guides the pedagogical practice of the course\'s preceptors; identify the professional competences referred by staff workers of Family Health Strategy (FHS) as necessary in the routine of their professional practice and build a competence profile to guide the professional formation in the residence modality. As the analytical and conceptual category, it was used the competence, as it was defined by Perrenoud, grounded in the conception of working in health by Mendes-Gonçalves and team work by Peduzzi. The study was developed at a course of MRFH of a teaching institution in the city of Sao Paulo, which has partnership with a philanthropic institution responsible for management of Health Basic Units of FHS. The population was made up of the course preceptors and healthcare professionals who develop their professional activities in Family Health Strategy. The sample was made of the totality of preceptors (15 participants) and by the professionals who were recommended by them as competent in the practice routine at the FHS (8 participants). It was used a semi-structured interview as instrument for data collection and the technique of analysis discourses proposed by Fiorin and adapted by Car and Bertolozzi for empirical data analysis. The discourses were decomposed in theme sentences and those, in knowledge, skills and attitudes, according to the four pillars of education professed by Delors. After that, following the theoretical referential, it was made the rearrangement of those knowledge, skills and attitudes in competences, classified in domain areas proposed by Witt: professional values, communication, team work, management, guided to community, health promotion, problem solving, attention to health, educational, and in basic science of public and collective health. The build up of this competence profile revealed, among other aspects, the need of thinking the formation in MRFH from a broad perspective of the health-disease process of the individuals, as it reflected the competences and actions that must be developed by all the professionals in the context of the FHS