Procurou-se avaliar os fatores que contribuíram para o abandono ou guarda responsável de cães e gatos no bairro Vargem Grande no município de São Paulo/SP, entre 2005 e 2008. Foi constatado que fatores como idade e porte dos animais, preocupação com a saúde, a permissão para o animal permanecer dentro do domicílio e a aquisição de outro animal nos últimos 12 meses foram associados ao abandono de cães. A quantidade de gatos estudados não permitiu uma avaliação confiável dos fatores. Estes dados podem ser utilizados no momento da compra ou adoção de um animal, prevenindo um futuro abandono. / The aim of the study was to evaluate the contributing factors to the abandonment or responsible ownership of dogs and cats in the district of Vargem Grande, in São Paulo city, between 2005 and 2008. Factors such as age and animal size, health concerns, allowing the animal to remain inside the residence and the purchase of another animal in the last 12 months were associated to the abandonment of dogs. The number of cats did not allow a reliable assessment of these factors. These data can be used when purchasing or adopting an animal, preventing a future abandonment.

In recent years, institutional shareholders have more frequently engaged themselves in dialogue with corporations on corporate social and environmental factors (ESG factors) through a new investment strategy often referred to as socially responsible investments. The Swedish public pension funds work with socially responsible investments and shareholder engagement are based on their mandate to serve the Swedish people and to manage their retirement capital in a desirable way. Since 2019, the AP funds are also legally obliged by the AP Funds Act (2000:192) to contribute to sustainable development by their investments. The findings of this thesis suggest that shareholders can positively influence the social and environmental performance of a corporation. It suggests that shareholder engagement dialogue is an effective influence instrument to generate positive social and environmental outcomes, with an open and constructive dialogue between the shareholder and the corporation. In order to build a successful long-term relationship between the shareholder and investee, it is important for the engager to enhance the preparation and try to stay fully informed on the matters being raised to the investee. This can be achieved by the shareholder by letting the engager focus the engagement on a manageable number of corporations and sectors and by having a dialogue with several different stakeholders throughout the network such as local union trade organisations or other NGOs.

<p>Several organisations have called for clarifications on sustainable investment. The aim of this study is to map and compare the ethical criteria used by Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) funds in their assessment of companies. My attention is also to seek for clarifications on the definition on SRI. A theoretical framework has been used to identify core issues of socially responsible investment. The areas of interest are charitable giving, environmental technologies, negative and positive screening and shareholder activism. The empirical material consisted of qualitative interviews with 4 fund managers from 5 investment management firms in addition to written documents on the funds’ ethical criteria. The conclusions are that all of the funds use negative criteria in their assessment of companies, with similarities in what may be considered as unethical activity and differences in the extent. Most of the funds also seek to identify better-managed companies through an assessment of how companies comply with international agreements. Differences occur in the choices of international agreements as well as the minimum criteria for investing. Most of the investment management firms engage in shareholder activism with the aim to influence the companies’ corporate behaviour, thus with different levels of engagement. Some have dialogue with whom they invest in, some favour the idea of communicate with companies they do not invest in as well. Furthermore, the results of this study show that investments in environmental technologies are rare since these companies are too small. When it comes to charitable giving, donations to charity may be seen as SRI or may not be seen as SRI depending on if the concept refers to investment criteria.</p>

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the perception of value and risk in CSR as well as analyzing how financial institutions influence responsible behavior in business in order to create sustainable economic growth. Methodology: The study has a qualitative research method used by an abductive process. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with respondents from three venture capital companies and three banks. The sample of respondents was done through a convenience sample with respect to access and expertise in the research area. Conclusion: The most important meanings of the research results have shown that CSR holds an intrinsic value concerning contributing value as its conceptual meaning in terms of sustainable development. CSR can also be regarded as a dimension of risk management to reduce the risk of negative externalities on corporate activities. Investors and financiers contribute to sustainable companies through active ownership and improvements in the CSR dimensions. Finally, research results demonstrated that the responsible behavior of companies contributing to profitability, which in turn is part of sustainable development.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference in performance and management fees between ethical and conventional mutual funds registered in Sweden. Our dataset consists of 49 ethical and 254 conventional funds, estimated on a 10-year period of time between January 2005 to January 2015. Jensen’s alpha is used as a measure for risk-adjusted performance and estimated through CAPM single-index model as well as by Carhart’s four-factor model. By adding back the management fees to the net returns and then estimate Jensen’s alpha by Carhart’s four-factor model once again, evidence of any differences in the impact on return between ethical and conventional funds is found. The results obtained from the study show that there is no difference in neither the risk-adjusted returns nor management fees between ethical and conventional funds. It is concluded that Swedish mutual fund investors are not paying a specific price in terms of reduced returns or higher management fees for putting social and ethical values into their financial investment decision.

Due to the growing importance of social responsibility in business processes, various topics of corporate social responsibility are being versatile and exhaustively examined and discussed in the scientific literature, but still there is a lack of research and discussions on implementation, consolidation and development measures of corporate social responsibility, in particular the employees of organization as a key one. Considering the relevance of the consolidation and development of corporate social responsibility and basing on the analysis of concepts of social responsibility and theories of its consolidation measures as well as analysis of employees’ evaluations, in the dissertation the implementation state of corporate social responsibility in Lithuania is revealed and, by comparing it with the state of play in Belarus, new opportunities for the consolidation of corporate social responsibility are disclosed. Additionally, during the search of new consolidation measures of corporate social responsibility, differences of business and public sector social responsibility are presented, at the same time appraising the role of the public sector in consolidation and development processes of corporate social responsibility, and the issues of evaluation of organization’s assumed level of social responsibility and of impact of socially responsible behaviour on organization itself and its interests groups are analyzed. As well the dissertation delivers the disclosure of potential... [to full text] / Nors didėjant socialinės atsakomybės svarbai verslo procesuose verslo socialinės atsakomybės tematika mokslinėje literatūroje įvairiapusiai ir išsamiai tiriama ir aptariama, tačiau pasigendama tyrimų ir diskusijų apie verslo socialinės atsakomybės įgyvendinimo, įtvirtinimo ir plėtros priemones, o ypač apie organizacijų darbuotojus, kaip pagrindinį verslo socialinės atsakomybės įgyvendinimo ir įtvirtinimo įrankį. Atsižvelgiant į verslo socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimo ir plėtros klausimų aktualumą, disertacijoje, remiantis socialinės atsakomybės koncepcijų ir įtvirtinimo priemonių teorijų bei darbuotojų vertinimų analizėmis, atskleidžiama verslo socialinės atsakomybės įgyvendinimo būklė Lietuvoje ir, lyginant su jos būkle Baltarusijoje, nustatomos socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimo verslo organizacijose galimybės. Be to, naujų verslo socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimo priemonių paieškos metu, išsamiai aptariami verslo ir viešojo sektoriaus socialinės atsakomybės skirtumai, įvertinant viešojo sektoriaus vaidmenį verslo socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinime ir plėtroje, ir analizuojama organizacijos prisiimto socialinės atsakomybės lygio ir socialiai atsakingos elgsenos poveikio pačiai organizacijai ir jos interesų grupėms vertinimo problematika. Taip pat disertacijoje atskleidžiamas darbuotojų savybių įtakos verslo socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimui potencialas, pasiūlant pilotinį darbuotojų savybių įtakos socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimui verslo organizacijoje modelį. Due... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Nors didėjant socialinės atsakomybės svarbai verslo procesuose verslo socialinės atsakomybės tematika mokslinėje literatūroje įvairiapusiai ir išsamiai tiriama ir aptariama, tačiau pasigendama tyrimų ir diskusijų apie verslo socialinės atsakomybės įgyvendinimo, įtvirtinimo ir plėtros priemones, o ypač apie organizacijų darbuotojus, kaip pagrindinį verslo socialinės atsakomybės įgyvendinimo ir įtvirtinimo įrankį. Atsižvelgiant į verslo socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimo ir plėtros klausimų aktualumą, disertacijoje, remiantis socialinės atsakomybės koncepcijų ir įtvirtinimo priemonių teorijų bei darbuotojų vertinimų analizėmis, atskleidžiama verslo socialinės atsakomybės įgyvendinimo būklė Lietuvoje ir, lyginant su jos būkle Baltarusijoje, nustatomos socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimo verslo organizacijose galimybės. Be to, naujų verslo socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimo priemonių paieškos metu, išsamiai aptariami verslo ir viešojo sektoriaus socialinės atsakomybės skirtumai, įvertinant viešojo sektoriaus vaidmenį verslo socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinime ir plėtroje, ir analizuojama organizacijos prisiimto socialinės atsakomybės lygio ir socialiai atsakingos elgsenos poveikio pačiai organizacijai ir jos interesų grupėms vertinimo problematika. Taip pat disertacijoje atskleidžiamas darbuotojų savybių įtakos verslo socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimui potencialas, pasiūlant pilotinį darbuotojų savybių įtakos socialinės atsakomybės įtvirtinimui verslo organizacijoje modelį. / Due to the growing importance of social responsibility in business processes, various topics of corporate social responsibility are being versatile and exhaustively examined and discussed in the scientific literature, but still there is a lack of research and discussions on implementation, consolidation and development measures of corporate social responsibility, in particular the employees of organization as a key one. Considering the relevance of the consolidation and development of corporate social responsibility and basing on the analysis of concepts of social responsibility and theories of its consolidation measures as well as analysis of employees’ evaluations, in the dissertation the implementation state of corporate social responsibility in Lithuania is revealed and, by comparing it with the state of play in Belarus, new opportunities for the consolidation of corporate social responsibility are disclosed. Additionally, during the search of new consolidation measures of corporate social responsibility, differences of business and public sector social responsibility are presented, at the same time appraising the role of the public sector in consolidation and development processes of corporate social responsibility, and the issues of evaluation of organization’s assumed level of social responsibility and of impact of socially responsible behaviour on organization itself and its interests groups are analyzed. As well the dissertation delivers the disclosure of potential... [to full text]

This thesis analyzes specific challenges concerning 'truth-telling' war reporters face when reporting on international conflict. For this purpose truth is examined in accordance with journalistic principles outlined in codes of ethics, with a focus on objectivity and fairness. The aim is to discover ways to improve the application of principles, in order to battle epistemic errors and the effects they entail: polarization, reductionism, and superficiality. The study concludes that providing context and nuance is crucial, but that codes - although essential - are insufficient in helping journalists decide what is relevant and what is not. An approach in virtue ethics is recommended where phronesis (or practical wisdom) can inspire responsible journalists to comply with the spirit, rather than the letter of the principles.

Atsakingo verslo idėja aktuali tiek viso pasaulio, tiek ir Lietuvos verslininkams, kaip veiksnys, didinantis įmonių konkurencingumą rinkoje. Ji gali padėti gerinti santykius su vartotojais, partneriais, investuotojais bei užtikrinti verslo ilgalaikiškumą ir stabilumą. Šiame darbe buvo stengiamasi, remiantis Lietuvos bei užsienio autorių moksliniais darbais, atskleisti socialinės atsakomybės sampratą, jos svarbą šiuolaikiniam verslui, išskyriau esminius socialinės atsakomybės teiginius ir teikiamą naudą, bei apžvelgiau ĮSA (CSR) taikymo sritis ir jose naudojamus principus. Taip pat darbe yra palyginama Lietuvos situaciją ĮSA kontekste su kitomis valstybėmis: Jungtinėmis Karalystėmis, Olandija, Belgija ir Latvija. Įvertinama kas yra pasiekta mūsų šalyje, skatinant socialinę atsakomybę, ir kokias ĮSA iniciatyvas dar reikia plėtoti ir įgyvendinti, remiantis užsienio šalių patirtimi. Lietuvoje socialinė atsakomybė kol kas nauja sąvoka ir dar gana neįprasti rūpesčiai verslo atstovams. Todėl Lietuvoje yra atlikta ne daug tyrimų apie socialiai atsakingo verslo skatinimą bei jo įgyvendinimą versle. Mano inicijuojamas tyrimo tikslas buvo indentifikuoti pagrindines ĮSA skatinimo priemones ir būdus, įvertinti jų reikšmę ir pritaikymą praktiškai, kartu pateikiant pasiūlymus, kas paspartinų ir sudarytų palankesnes sąlygas ĮSA plėtrai tarp Lietuvos įmonių. Tyrimas parodė, kad Lietuvoje vis dar trūksta supratimo ir informacijos apie socialinę atsakomybę, trūksta kompetetingų ĮSA specialistų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The scale of cultural values of the organizations in the advanced countries has expanded recently significantly in the XX century. The organizations began comprehend clearly that they are the part of the social system and that relations between the organization ant the society, and between different systems (ecosystem, technical) are very important. Therefore, in the scale of the organizational values the new value like social responsibility has appeared. The idea of the responsible business is relevant for Lithuanian businessmen and all the world businessmen as the factor which may increase the competetiveness between the companies. This idea may assist to improve relations with consumers, partners, investors and insure the stability of the business. The author in this work on the grounds of the studies Lithuanian and foreign authors discloses the concept of the social responsibility, its importance to modern business, emphasizes important statements about social responsibility and its benefit and surveys the application areas of ĮSA (CSR) and their principles. The author also compares in this work situation in Lithuania and in other countries (the United Kingdom, Holland, Belgium, Latvia) on the subject of ĮSA. The author analyses the achievements in promoting social responsibility and ĮSA initiatives which the organizations need to promote and implement according to foreign practice. It should be mentioned that the social responsibility is quite new concept for Lithuanian... [to full text]

Gesellschaftliche Verantwortung (CSR) nimmt für Unternehmen bedingt durch steigenden Druck seitens verschiedener Stakeholder sowie veränderte gesellschaftliche Erwartungshaltungen und politische Rahmenbedingungen eine immer bedeutenderer Rolle im gesamten Wertschöpfungsprozess ein. CSR geht über die Unternehmensgrenzen hinaus und umfasst die mit dem eigenen Unternehmen verbundenen Leistungsersteller. Die Einkaufsfunktion übernimmt mit einem hohen Anteil am Wertschöpfungsprozess die wichtige Aufgabe, Leistungserstellung bei dritten Unternehmen (Lieferanten) einzukaufen. Häufig sind dies Lieferanten in Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern mit teilweise stark abweichenden Produktionsbedingungen. Um fehlende Gesetze und nicht zertifizierbare Standards zu kompensieren, sind insbesondere große Unternehmen dazu angehalten, ihre Lieferantenbasis hinsichtlich CSR-Kriterien zu überprüfen und ein regelkonformes Verhalten sicherzustellen. Die vorliegende Dissertation verfolgt die Idee, die Notwendigkeit einer Integration von CSR als Bewertungskriterium in bestehende Prozesse zu untersuchen, um geeignete Lieferanten für eine strategische Beziehung bewerten zu können. Hierfür wird zunächst anhand von Experteninterviews die praxisorientierte Messmethode „CSR-IndexSA“ auf Basis einer Selbstauskunft entwickelt. Eine Überprüfung auf Reliabilität dieser Messmethode erfolgt mittels einer empirischen Erhebung bei einer hohen Anzahl von Zulieferunternehmen. Eine umfangreiche statistische Analyse bestehender Bewertungskriterien und -prozesse mit der erhobenen CSR-Performance dieser Lieferanten zeigt als Ergebnis eine notwendige eigenständige Integration von CSR als Bewertungskriterium mit einer nur geringen Auswirkung auf bestehende Prozesse. Anhand der empirischen Erhebung konnten desweiteren CSR-Risikofaktoren, wie Unternehmensgröße und Region bestätigt werden. Die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchung zeigen zudem, dass jene Lieferanten mehr Wert auf eine strategische Kunden-/ Lieferantenbeziehung legen, die auch eine hohe CSR-Performance aufweisen. Neben der Überprüfung und Sicherstellung von CSR rückt vermehrt die Information, Schulung und Weiterbildung zu CSR insbesondere von SMEs als Aufgabe für große Unternehmen in den Mittelpunkt. / Based on increased pressure on the part of different stakeholders, changed expectations on social issues as well as political frameworks, corporate social responsibility (CSR) gains more importance within the whole process of value add. Social responsibility extends the limits of the focal enterprise and includes the whole supply chain. The purchasing function is responsible for the important task (within the value add process) to source goods and services from third parties, the suppliers. Often production partners in emerging countries follow different legal and social standards. In order to compensate missing legal requirements and standardized norms, large MNE need to regularly supervise their supply base and secure CSR by themselves. This doctoral thesis aims to investigate the necessity of the integration of CSR as evaluation criterion in existing processes, with the result to be able to evaluate suitable suppliers for strategic relationships. Therefore based on expert interviews the method „CSR-IndexSA“ is being developed. This CSR-IndexSA allows the suppliers’ evaluation with a self assessment. The method is being proved for its reliability and is being adopted in a large scale empirical study involving numerous suppliers. The broad statistical analysis of existing evaluation criteria and processes with the measured suppliers’ CSR performance shows the need of the integration of CSR as independent criterion within the supplier evaluation process. The effects on existing processes are proven to be minor. Those results point to further relations between the “classical” criteria for evaluation and various CSR dimensions (e.g. environmental management) and give advice for an improved supplier evaluation. Furthermore CSR risk factors such as company size or region can be identified through the empirical survey. Long-term partnerships mean an increasingly important success factor in customer supplier relationships. The survey’s results show also that those suppliers who value a strategic relationship as important also have a high rating regarding CSR performance.