Submitted by Paola Figueiredo (pfercolin@gmail.com) on 2018-01-21T23:02:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_MPGPP_FGV_MunCruzeiroReceitas_2017.pdf: 2713402 bytes, checksum: a2dc7510e4407acf529bceaceddd4ea3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-22T15:32:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_MPGPP_FGV_MunCruzeiroReceitas_2017.pdf: 2713402 bytes, checksum: a2dc7510e4407acf529bceaceddd4ea3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T12:10:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_MPGPP_FGV_MunCruzeiroReceitas_2017.pdf: 2713402 bytes, checksum: a2dc7510e4407acf529bceaceddd4ea3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / A gestão fiscal de qualquer ente federativo, seja ele a União ou os governos subnacionais, é essencial para que se possa mantê-los em desenvolvimento, com a receita alinhada à necessidade de investimentos e com as esperadas benfeitorias à sociedade. No Brasil, a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF), considerada a mais importante ferramenta de regulação das contas públicas, instituiu metas, condições e limites para gestão das despesas e receitas, obrigando os agentes públicos a assumirem compromissos relacionados a arrecadação, bem como com a alocação de recursos públicos. Utilizando-se como estudo de caso o município paulista de Cruzeiro e buscando atender ao objetivo geral desta pesquisa – buscar alternativas para o seu reequilíbrio financeiro e aprimoramento de sua gestão pública – este trabalho realizou um diagnóstico sobre os orçamentos realizados durante o quadriênio 2012-2016, além de uma análise de todo arcabouço jurídico incidente à aspectos orçamentários, tributários e de planejamento. Por fim, apresenta-se em caráter de recomendações diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de ações que visam principalmente a atualização do sistema de tributação municipal e a eficiência na recuperação de estoque da dívida ativa, bem como a implantação de um projeto de Gestão de Projetos e Captação de Recursos Públicos. / By adjusting the expected revenue to macth the public expenditure needed to cover for social demands, financial management is essencial to push forward the development of all levels of federated units, may it be the national top-tier administration or local governments. In Brazil, the Fiscal Responsability Law (LRF) is considered to be the most important public accounting regulation tool, for it has established goals, requirements and limitations to public management of expenditure and revenues. The law stipulates that public agents are bound to tax collection and budget allocation liabilities. The present work analyses the case study of Cruzeiro, a city from the state of Sao Paulo, with a view to exploring alternatives for its financial adjustment and to improving its municipal financial management. The work investigated all the budgets of the period comprised from 2012 to 2016 besides reviewing the legal apparatus related to budget, tax and planning aspects. Finally, the work proposes recommendations to guide the implementation of measures aimed at bringing the municipal tax policy up to date and fostering efficiency in the active debt recovery and also to encourage to put in place a Project Management and Fund Raising plan.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 86620.pdf.jpg: 13242 bytes, checksum: 885f35442de57f3998a650acbe31105c (MD5) 86620.pdf.txt: 315096 bytes, checksum: df8d5eee8ecd736b2e01c689b4f4d223 (MD5) 86620.pdf: 1845046 bytes, checksum: 48621271d50cf2a76541e24dce8ccf69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-04T00:00:00Z / Evaluate the tax collection and proposes a typology for the way Brazilian municipalities perform with regard to taxation, and aims at helping in the understanding of the difficulties faced by the local authorities in levying taxes. The survey encompasses 4617 municipalities, grouped according to the importance of each tax within the total revenue. The groups have been obtained through the use of Cluster Analysis, a multivariate data analysis technique. / Avalia o desempenho da arrecadação e propõe uma tipologia para o comportamento tributário dos municípios brasileiros com o objetivo de auxiliar na compreensão das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos governos municipais na cobrança dos tributos de sua competência. A pesquisa abrange 4.617 municípios, que foram agrupados segundo a importância de cada tributo no cômputo de sua receita total. Os agrupamentos foram obtidos empregando-se a Análise de Cluster, uma técnica de análise multivariada de dados que permite encontrar e separar grupos similares.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze incomes, expenses and profit in chosen production company, including detailed cost analysis, price realization and profitability of selected products company. For this analysis is selected company operating in the automotive industry and products for analysis are automotive components which are the core of the production program of the company. The period covered years between 2007 and 2011.

År 2005 infördes regeln om att samtliga noterade bolag inom Europeiska Unionen (EU) skulle uppföra sin koncernredovisning enligt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)med start räkenskapsåret 2005. Målet med IFRS är att världsekonomin ska bli mertransparent, ansvarsfull, jämförbar och effektiv. IFRS ska även bidra till att världsekonomin får förtroende, tillväxt och långsiktig finansiell stabilitet. Detta införande har setts som en revolution inom den finansiella ekonomin. Flera länder tog efter EU:s implementering men den nya regeln har dock inte implementerats lika smärtfritt i alla länder. Ryssland är ett land med ett redovisningsregelverk som skiljer sig väsentligt mot IFRS, men också från andranationella regelverk. Studiens problemdiskussion visar på att Ryssland har haft och har stora problem med implementeringen av IFRS till skillnad från EU-länderna vilket har lett fram tillstudiens syfte. Syftet med studien är att undersöka de skillnader som finns mellan IFRS och ryska redovisningsstandarder för att påvisa hur väl Ryssland framgångsrikt har lyckats implementera IFRS jämfört med ett av medlemsländerna i EU, i detta fall Sverige. Syftet medstudien är också att undersöka hur Rysslands kultur kan ha påverkat dess utveckling och implementering av nationella och internationella regelverk inom redovisningen. Studien har ett abduktivt tillvägagångssätt och syftar till att göra en komparativ studie. En granskning sker av tidigare forskning samt av koncernredovisningar enligt både IFRS och RAS från de 25 största företagen i Ryssland, baserat på jämnviktiga mätningar av intäkter, vinster, tillgångar och marknadsvärde. Därefter görs analyser och jämförelse mellan de olika regelverken. Detta görs även ur ett kulturellt perspektiv. Slutsatsen av studien visar att rysk redovisningspraxis har många väsentliga brister vilka påverkar dess förmåga att implementera IFRS. Bristerna existerar dels i regelverkets grundstenar men även i landets kulturella värderingar, vilket gör landets förutsättningar att framgångsrikt implementera IFRS väldigt små. Studien visar på stora skillnader i innebörden av likartade standarder mellan Rysslands nationella regelverk RAS och det internationella regelverket IFRS vilket försvårar harmoniseringen. Två stora skillnader är att IFRS är principbaserat och RAS är regelbaserat men även att IFRS fokus i rapporterna är tillaktieägarna och andra intressenter medan RAS främst är till för skattehantering. De största anledningarna att harmoniseringen mellan IFRS och RAS försvåras är den okunskap och bristfälliga utbildningen som råder hos ryska revisorer och upprättare av finansiella rapporter. Företagen känner sig obekväma och omotiverade och väljer därför inte att frivilligt uppföra finansiella rapporter enligt IFRS. Ur ett kulturellt perspektiv visar studienäven att Rysslands bristande utveckling inom redovisningssystem kan hänvisas till landetsdimensioner inom kulturella värderingar vilka är: lagstadgad kontroll, enhetlighet, konservatism och sekretess. Detta i motsats till IFRS värderingar: professionalism, flexibilitet, optimism och transparens. Länder, såsom Ryssland, med kulturella värderingar inom redovisningspraxis vilka är avlägsna gentemot IFRS värderingar måste övervinna högre hinder för att framgångsrikt implementera och fortsatt kunna använda IFRS. / In 2005, a new rule was introduced. The rule demanded that all listed companies within the European Union (EU) were to maintain their consolidated financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), starting in the fiscal year of2005. The objective of the IFRS is to make the world economy more transparent, responsible, comparable, and effective. Additionally, the IFRS also was designed to bring confidence, growth, and long-term financial stability to the world economy. The introduction of IFRS has been seen as a revolution in the world of global economy. Many countries all over the world followed the EU and implemented their own new legislation, but many countries were not quite as successful with their implementations or had drastically different approaches to handling the economy. For instance, the Russian Federation is a state with an accounting framework that differs significantly from that of the IFRS and other national accounting frameworks. The discussion of this study shows that, unlike the countries within EU, the Russian Federation has major problems with the implementation of their own IFRS, which led to the purpose of this study. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences between IFRS and the Russian Accounting Standards (RAS), while also comparing how much the Russian Federation implemented IFRS into their economy practices compared to that of a country within EU. In this case, Sweden. Another purpose of this study is to examine how Russian culture can affect the progress and implementation of national and international rules in their reporting sectors. This study will increase the understanding of accounting within the Russian Federation and its development from a cultural perspective. This work is done to facilitate trade between different countries and to increase the comparability of the accounting reports. This study has an abductive approach and the goal is to make a comparative study. An examination of previous research and consolidated financial statements, according to both the IFRS and RAS, can be scrutinized. The examination is limited to the 25 largest companies in the Russian Federation, based on facts of consistent measurement of revenue, profits, assets and market value. When the selection of companies is done, there will be an analysis comparing between the different regulations. An additional cultural perspective will be added contrasting Sweden to Russia. The results of this study show that Russian accounting has a lot of shortcomings in different aspects, which affects the ability to implement IFRS. The issues do not solely exist in the fundamental part of RAS, but also in the cultural values of the country. This makes it difficult for the companies of the Russian Federation to fully implement IFRS. The study demonstrates the big differences between the meaning of similar standards in the RAS compared to IFRS, which complicates the harmonization. One major difference between IFRS and RAS, is that IVIFRS is based on principles and RAS is based on rules. Another important difference is that IFRS put the focus on the reports to the shareholders and other stakeholders, while the RAS primarily focuses on tax management and the government. The main reason why the harmonization between the IFRS and RAS is so complicated is due to the fact that the Russian accountants’ lack both the proper knowledge and education. The companies feel insecure and unjustified, and therefore choose not to voluntarily set up financial reports according to the IFRS. From a cultural point of view, this study also shows that the Russian Federation’s lack of progress in the accounting system can be referred to the cultural basic values of the country, which are: statutory control, uniformity, conservatism and confidentiality. Contrary to this, IFRS basic values are: professionalism, flexibility, optimism and transparency. Countries such as the Russian Federation, with cultural values that differ radically compared to IFRS values, must overcome bigger barriers to successfully implement and continue to use IFRS properly.

In this diploma project I am describing principles, purpose and construction of revenue taxes for nature persons in Czech Republic and in Italy and I am analyzing different between revenue taxes by Czech an Italy legal regulations. Czech revenue taxes for nature persons results from Zákon č. 586/1992 Sb., o daních z příjmů and the Italy revenue taxes for nature persons results from Testo unico del 22/12/1986 n. 917. In theory part there were analyzed parts of Czech and Italy revenue tax laws and taxation revenue from employment and from entrepreneurial activity more detailed. In practical part were chosen 5 examples on taxation of wages and 5 examples on taxation of business revenues. In these examples are demonstrated the biggest different in revenue taxation in Czech Republic and in Italy.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:52:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco de Assis Mourao.pdf: 556410 bytes, checksum: 41f775f283a51ff5b6d559081c88f3e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Some municipalities of Amazonas, in Brazil among others, have in the explotation of mineral resources one significant source of tax revenue. However, these recipes do not appear compatible with the volume of resources extracted from their basements when the transfers occur ICMS. These transfers should meet exactly the concept of Value Added enshrined by economic theory, which underpins the National Accounts of the economy of a country. Since this mismatch occurs, then, the concept deserves to be revised to incorporate solely the concept of cost of exploitation of natural resources dormant when they are inserted in the production process. Taking this assumption into account, the aim of this research was to build a Methodological towards providing a better understanding and way of calculating the value added when referring to natural resources latent. In terms of specific objectives aimed at: a) Conduct a critical literature review on the concept of added value and fundamentals that guide their use for purposes of redistribution of Tax on Goods and Services (ICMS), and must be passed municipalities in the amount of the installment scheduled constitutionally b) Providing a broader view about the latent natural resources, in order to clarify their understanding as factors of production, c) Building a methodology for calculating the value added in terms of the Constitution and present a case study, stating the application of the concepts covered in the proposed methodology, developed in a city in the state of Amazonas, specifically the city of Coari. For the conformation of the methodology started with the theoretical framework embodied in the need to measure all the economic system, especially in the case of the wealth generated in any region. For this reason the concept of Value- Added VA being the core element of the Theory of Social Accounting, was used for the empirical verification of the actions, as this concept is effectively used to organize income statistics regional and / or national level. Based on a methodology similar to the production function of the neo-classical economists approach the VA was performed using the concept of Productive Process General-PPG, which established that the cost of extraction of natural resources Latent-cortex is embodied VA itself in these raw materials latent result of the sum of all costs of the factors applied in the extraction of such resources, yet its commercialization extent that such materials are to be valued at market. It is the end that the VA (at cost factor cf) of the products from underground Coari / AM was computed by the method Latent Natural Resources, 8.62% participates in the formation of VA (at the cost of factors cf) of the state of Amazonas, and that such interest from the point of view of IBGE, results in only 2.77%. This difference of 170% between the macro-regional indicators in question, if considered, would fix a social injustice in favor of Coari. / Alguns municípios do Amazonas, entre outros no Brasil, têm na exploração de recursos minerais fonte expressiva de receitas fiscais. No entanto, estas receitas não se mostram compatíveis com o volume de recursos extraídos de seus subsolos, quando ocorrem os repasses do ICMS. Estes repasses deveriam atender, exatamente, o conceito de Valor Adicionado, consagrado pela Teoria Econômica, que embasa a Contabilidade Nacional da economia de um país. Dado que ocorre essa incompatibilidade, então, o conceito merece ser revisado no sentido de incorporar tão somente o conceito de custo da exploração dos recursos naturais latentes, quando estes se inserem no processo produtivo. Levando essa hipótese em conta, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi construir um adendo metodológico no sentido de dar uma melhor compreensão e forma de cálculo do Valor Adicionado quando se referir aos recursos naturais latentes. No plano dos objetivos específicos visa-se: a) Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica crítica sobre o conceito de valor adicionado e os fundamentos que norteiam sua utilização para fins de redistribuição do Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS), e que devem ser repassadas aos municípios no montante da parcela constitucionalmente prevista; b) Fornecer uma visão ampliada acerca dos recursos naturais latentes, de modo a esclarecer o seu entendimento como fatores de produção; c) Construir uma metodologia para cálculo do valor adicionado nos termos da Constituição Federal e apresentar um estudo de caso, onde conste a aplicação dos conceitos abordados na metodologia proposta, desenvolvido em um Município do Estado do Amazonas, mais especificamente o Município de Coari. Para a conformação da metodologia partiu-se do marco teórico consubstanciado na necessidade de tudo medir no sistema econômico, mormente em se tratando da riqueza gerada em qualquer região. Por essa razão o conceito de Valor Adicionado-VA sendo elemento basilar da Teoria da Contabilidade Social foi utilizado para a verificação das ações empíricas, uma vez que tal conceito é efetivamente utilizado para organizar as estatísticas da renda regional e/ou nacional. Com base numa metodologia análoga à função de produção dos economistas neo-clássicos, a abordagem do VA foi realizada utilizando-se o conceito de Processo Produtivo Geral-PPG, o que permitiu estabelecer que o Custo da Extração dos Recursos Naturais Latentes-CTEX se consubstancia no próprio VA dessas matérias primas latentes, fruto do somatório de todos os custos dos fatores aplicados na extração dos mencionados recursos, até o momento de sua comercialização, ponto em que tais materiais passam a ser valorados em mercado. Verificou-se ao final, que o VA (ao custo dos fatores-cf) dos produtos do subsolo de Coari/Am, se calculado pela metodologia do Recursos Naturais Latentes, participa com 8,62% para a formação do VA(ao custo dos fatores cf) do Estado do Amazonas, sendo que, essa mesma participação do ponto de vista do IBGE, resulta em apenas 2,77%. Essa diferença de 170% entre os indicadores macrorregionais em questão, se fosse levada em consideração, repararia uma injustiça social a favor de Coari.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Trabalhos recentes mostraram que a teoria assintÃtica traz resultados equivocados nos testes de causalidade quando o MÃtodo de Momentos Generalizados (MGM) à utilizado. Este estudo re-examina a relaÃÃo dinÃmica entre receitas prÃprias, despesas correntes e transferÃncias correntes para os governos municipais brasileiros no perÃodo de 2000 a 2008. A estimaÃÃo do modelo de dados em painel dinÃmico à feita atravÃs do MGM, mas os testes de especificaÃÃo utilizam valores crÃticos gerados por bootstrap para fornecer melhor aproximaÃÃo à distribuiÃÃo da estatÃstica de teste. Uma defasagem de dois anos à encontrada na equaÃÃo de despesas, mas nenhuma dinÃmica à observada nas equaÃÃes de receitas prÃprias e de transferÃncias, sugerindo a hipÃtese de que receitas passadas afetam despesas correntes / Recent works has shown that the asymptotic theory provides misleading results in causality tests when the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used. This study re-examines the dynamic relationship between own revenues, current expenditures and current grants to municipal governments in Brazil in the period 2000 to 2008. The dynamic panel data model estimation is done by GMM, but the specification tests use bootstrap critical values to provide a better approximation to the distribution of the test statistic. A lag of two years is found in the expenditure equation, but no dynamics is observed in the own revenues and transfers equations, suggesting the hypothesis that past revenues affect current expenditures

La gestion des finances publiques est une composante essentielle du processus de développement. Elle soutient la stabilité fiscale et macro-économique, oriente l'allocation des ressources publiques aux priorités nationales du développement. La faiblesse des systèmes de gestion des finances publiques qui couvre toutes les phases du cycle budgétaire, notamment la préparation, l’exécution du budget et le contrôle interne et l’audit externes pouvant entraîner des pertes réels de ressources. Notre présente recherche analytique propose d’analyser la situation de la gestion des finances publiques en Syrie dans une perspective globale, en étudiant les axes majeurs de la réforme de la gestion des finances publiques entrepris en 2006 et ses impacts sur les orientations générales de développement du pays / Public financials Management is an essential component of better economic governance and development process. It supports the efficient and responsible use of public resources, ensures macroeconomic sustainability, budgetary stability and guides the allocation of resources to meet the national priorities. A weak management of Public financial systems can lead to the loss of resources. Public Financial management covers all phases of budget cycle, including budget preparation, execution, internal controls and external audits. The subject of this analytical research is to analyze with a global perspective the management situation of public financials in Syria by evaluating the main undertaken reform in 2006 of Public Financials Management and its impact on the general development guidelines of the country

In recent years South Africans have become accustomed to the fact that the local sphere of government is part and parcel of the new democratic structure of government in the Republic. Today, all local governments are clothed with a new status, a new autonomy and a distinctive character with specifically entrenched constitutional powers and objects. Notwithstanding its newfound importance, all local government institutions had to be transformed and restructured to fit into an entirely new constitutional framework. Such a restructuring process was an often arduous and time consuming process. The restructuring furthermore required an entire overhaul of all municipal authorities since the new Constitution requires mainly parliament to add substance to a simple constitutional framework. Parliament has recently completed its constitutional obligations in respect of the restructuring of local government and a completely new legal order regulating and managing all local government structures in South Africa has been developed and enacted. All municipal role players must now constructively and purposefully implement and enforce the various new legal requirements. This new research under the title, The restructuring of Local Government under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, now seeks to systemize and structure the new local government legal dispensation. Spanning over 22 chapters, this work covers almost all legal aspects of the new local government dispensation and addresses, inter alia, aspects such as the new status of local governments, the impact of the Constitution on municipal affairs, the various objectives and challenges facing all municipalities, the new legal nature of local government institutions, a discussion of the principles of co-operative government relevant to the local sphere of governance, a look at the new models of local authorities, the demarcation of municipal boundaries, the composition and functioning of local government structures, the role and importance of traditional leadership in municipal decision making, an overview of the entrenched powers and functions of municipalities, aspects concerning municipal services and sustainable service delivery, as well as the important principles relating to municipal finances and fiscal management. Copyright 2006, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bekink, B 2006, The Restructuring (Systemization) of Local Government under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, LLD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12042006-163249 / > / Thesis (Doctor Legum (Public Law))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Public Law / unrestricted

The diploma work put brain to income from operations of natural persons in the accounting and tax evidence. At first it targets the income from operations and its different concept in the evidences. It describes establishment of income from operations on accrual and cash basis, defines components of income from operations - expenses, revenues, gains, losses, incomes and expenditures. The next part of the work focuses on legislation of income from operations in teh Czech Republic (in accounting and tax evidence).One of the chapters speeks about some economic transactions, which influences income from operations different in the accounting and tax evidence. The diploma work is finished with short example, which brings near the problem.