"The insurance industry was among the first to understand clearly the serious nature of the epidemic, as the HIV/AIDS epidemic disintegrates and destabilizes slowly the traditional extended African family system. The extended family, which traditionally constitutes a social safety net in African communities, is not able to cope with the sudden burden of HIV/AIDS orphans, since the age group 20-44 is the most hit by the epidemic. A study commissioned by the Henry Kaiser Family Foundation showed that, by the year 2005, HIV/AIDS is expected to make around one million children under the age of 15 orphans in South Africa. Besides, stigma and secrecy around the disease expose HIV/AIDS orphans to discrimination in their community and even in their extended family. As a result, a large number of HIV/AIDS orphans are abandoned and forced to seek help in the streets, begging for money, a situation that exposes them to abuse and criminality. Since 1988, most insurance companies in South Africa have had a policy of compulsory HIV testing which excludes HIV positive candidates from their scheme. The reason put forward is that they represent an 'unacceptable risk'. According to the National Association of People Living with HIV/AIDS (NAPWA), this is a widespread problem in South Africa. The impact of discrimination in getting life insurance is catastrophic on the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS and their families. As was noted by the Supreme Court of Canada in the case of Zurich Insurance Company v Ontario, there is a fundamental tension between human rights law and insurance practice. Insurance practices, particularly, impedes on equality and privacy rights of HIV positive persons. ... Therefore, at the root of the debate on HIV/AIDS and insurance is the question on how to strike a balance between the need to ensure that insurance companies extend their coverage without being financially endangered and the human and constitutional rights of HIV positive persons. ... The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introductory chapter. Chapter two examines the principles of insurance as well as the characteristics of HIV/AIDS. It aims at understanding the arguments in favour of HIV testing and exclusion of persons living with HIV/AIDS from life insurance schemes. Chapter three analyses the problem from the perspective of persons infected with HIV. It investigates the impact of the refusal to grant them life insurance because of their HIV status. This chapter shows how the insurance business infringes the rights of HIV positive persons ot non0discriminatory treatment. Chapter four looks at the position of foreign jurisdictions in the conflict of interests and analyses how they have dealt with the human rights implications of insurance companies policy towards the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Chapter five is the concluding chapter, which puts forward redommendations." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003. / Prepared under the supervision of Adv. Annelize Nienaber at the Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Surveillance of Persons and Items; Use of the Institute in Practise and its Constitutional Limits Abstract This diploma thesis primarily aims to analyze in detail legislation concerning the surveillance of persons and items in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Czech Republic. In order to present a comprehensive analysis, the thesis firstly defines the concept of Operative- Search Means and the basic conditions for their use. Subsequently, the author assesses particular aspects of the provision § 158d of the Criminal Procedure Code. The main focus is dedicated to the issue of interpretation of certain procedural norms, such as those concerning surveillance of communications between the defendant and their attorney, the covert surveillance in closed spaces, as well as those related to the highly debated issue of admissibility of surveillance records obtained in another criminal proceedings. With regard to all of these subtopics, the author presents the most prominent discourses of criminal procedural theory and practice. At the same time, the author presents her own suggestions as to how to deal with the issues at hand. The main thesis of the paper concerns the subsequent statement that the provision of § 158d of the Criminal Procedural Code regulating the surveillance of persons and items is in fact a...

Thesis title The right to be forgotten in the context of a modern concept of personal data protection in the EU and the USA Abstract The main topic of the thesis is the analysis of the right to be forgotten and its place in today's digital world and information society. In particular, the author discusses a different approach to the protection of personal data in Europe and in the United States of America within the context of the conflict between right to privacy and freedom of expression and right to free access to information. The author describes different conceptions of significance of these rights and different value ladder in connection in their mutual assessment. Based on outlining the different approaches to aforementioned rights, the author examines the inclusion of the right to be forgotten within the two legal cultures and consequently examines different forms of the right to be forgotten. Such forms are introduced in the context of privacy rights in the European union and presented in the was, how the legislation has been developing as the privacy laws evolved. Author closely examines the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union which is focused on right to be forgotten. Attention is also paid to the practical implementation of the right to be forgotten in accordance with the...

The right to be let alone has been developing throughout history to offset the seemingly relentless encroachments by government in efforts to regulate "morality," and by governmental and/or business uses of technological advancements to control the individuals privacy. Thus, the espoused constitutional right of privacy has come to be the way for individuals (and groups) to stave off society's attempts to control or divert the individual from his right to be let alone. This work examines both state and federal court cases in an attempt to show that privacy has come to be a basic, constitutional right to be used against society's intrusions in areas of personal and sexual privacy.

[pt] O direito ao esquecimento não é algo que surge com o advento da internet. No entanto, o crescente número de usuários que acessam a rede, além do desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, potencializaram a disseminação do seu conceito. Alguns fatos chamaram a atenção para este tema, especialmente a nova regulamentação de proteção de dados pessoais da União Europeia, e o caso do Google Spain e Inc. vs. AEPD e Mario Costeja González, julgado pelo Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia (TJUE). Diante das diversas controvérsias que surgem com o tema, principalmente a partir da decisão do TJUE, o presente trabalho enfrentará os desafios do direito ao esquecimento, desde a origem do seu conceito até a sua aplicação no contexto da internet, problematizando o que de fato é este direito, os fundamentos que os justificam e as obrigações que dele decorrem. A seguir, vão ser analisados casos sobre o direito ao esquecimento que foram julgados na Argentina, Colômbia e Peru, tendo como intuito identificar como que a questão está sendo apreciada no âmbito da América Latina. Serão investigadas as jurisprudências do STJ e de seis Tribunais de Justiça Estaduais (TJRJ, TJSP, TJDFT, TJPR, TJPB, TJAM) sobre o assunto, além dos projetos de lei nacionais que tentam regulamentar o direito ao esquecimento, para que se possa colocar em perspectiva o atual cenário brasileiro sobre o tema. Ao final, será explorada a seguinte hipótese: será que é necessário invocar a existência de um direito ao esquecimento no Brasil, ou é possível tutelar as pretensões que se utilizam de tal rótulo com direitos já previstos pelo ordenamento jurídico? / [en] The right to be forgotten is not a right that arises with the advent of the Internet. Nonetheless, the increasing number of users that accesses the net and the development of new technologies leveraged the dissemination of its concept. A number of events increased the awareness of this topic, such as the recent reform of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union, and the Google Spain and Inc. vs. AEPD and Mario Costeja González case, appreciated by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Regarding the controversies that arises with this theme, especially with the CJEU decision, the present work has the objective of discussing the challenges of the right to be forgotten. It will explore the origin of its concept until its application to the Internet context, questioning what in fact is such right, the legal basis that such right is justified and the obligations arising therefrom. Furthermore, cases of the right to be forgotten that were judged in Argentina, Colombia and Peru will be analyzed in order to identify how such right is being appreciated within Latin America. Following this, the jurisprudence of the present subject of the STJ and six State Justice Courts (TJRJ, TJSP, TJDFT, TJPR, TJPB, TJAM) are to be discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the Brazilian perspective, the national legislation drafts that aim to regulate the right to be forgotten will also be reviewed. Finally, we are going to stress the following hypothesis: is it necessary to invoke the existence of the right to be forgotten in Brazil or is it possible to guarantee protection of claims that use such designation with rights that are already foreseen in the local legal system?

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-23T13:22:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Newton Jancowski Neto_.pdf: 743576 bytes, checksum: 61e156111b259f9aa54418e151cc6d01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-23T13:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Newton Jancowski Neto_.pdf: 743576 bytes, checksum: 61e156111b259f9aa54418e151cc6d01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / Nenhuma / O objetivo do presente trabalho é o estudo acerca do direito à informação e seu confronto com o direito à privacidade frente aos avanços dos meios de comunicação, abarcando releitura frente o contexto atual. O trabalho começa abordando a sociedade do espetáculo descrita por Guy Debord, passando ainda por análise e crítica de Mário Vargas Llosa, muito embora esse se prenda à crítica da própria cultura. Outrossim, no tocante ao direito à informação propriamente dito, apresenta-se como norte as ideias propostas por Ignácio Villaverde, cuja proposição intenta um caráter dúplice, compreendendo o direito a informar e o direito de ser informado. Desse modo, tem-se o foco na relação do direito à informação com a necessidade de veiculação da notícia verdadeira e imparcial, não se confundindo o referido direito com o direito à liberdade de expressão, cujo viés é mais amplo. Nesse ínterim, resta necessário o estudo dos limites do direito à informação frente ao direito de personalidade, abordagem hermenêutica quando de seu conflito, à medida que o direito entabulado necessita de uma reanálise acompanhando a evolução natural da sociedade e principalmente dos meios de comunicação. / The objective of the present work is the study about the right to information and its confrontation with the right to privacy in front of the advances of the mass media, including re-reading in the current context. The work begins by approaching the society of the spectacle described by Guy Debord, passing also by analysis and critique of Mário Vargas Llosa, although this one bears the criticism of the own culture. Furthermore, regarding the right to information itself, the ideas proposed by Ignácio Villaverde are proposed as a blank, the proposal of which is intended to be two-fold, including the right to inform and the right to be informed. Thus, the focus is on the relationship of the right to information with the need to convey true and impartial news, not confusing this right with the right to freedom of expression, whose bias is broader. In the meantime, it is necessary to study the limits of the right to information in relation to the right of personality, hermeneutical approach in the context of its conflict, to the extent that the law requires a reanalysis accompanying the natural evolution of society and especially the media.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Domingues de Castro Camargo Aranha.pdf: 592650 bytes, checksum: 10a2ec1afd92339db80689da7fe66c5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / In view of the asymmetry of the labor relationships, as well as the powers granted to the employer, we notice that in several occasions the employer s decisions are as imperative as those emanated from the State, what makes the study of horizontal effectiveness of fundamental rights especially relevant in this area. Another important point to be aware is that the labor legislation does not provide specific provisions regarding the employee s right to privacy protection, reason why the general constitutional provisions are applicable to the labor relationships, given that, as a fundamental right, the right to privacy is inalienable and held by all the members of the society. Moreover, we find that the right to property is also constitutionally granted as a fundamental right and must be protected by the State as an employer right, even in the labor jurisdiction. Given to this conflict, we will reflect about the variables involving this concept and theories involving the effectiveness of fundamental rights and about its applicability, mostly in the relations between individuals. In addition, we will seek to the concept of the right of privacy opposed to the employer s right to property. Then, we will draw an overview of the employer s powers, scrutinizing its facets and boundaries to establish its extent considering the right to privacy in the workplace. Also, we will analyze the labor court s understandings subsequent to the publication of the 1988 Federal Constitution. / À vista da assimetria existente nas relações de trabalho, bem como pelos poderes conferidos ao empregador, observamos em diversas oportunidades decisões e manifestações tão imperativas quanto aquelas provindas do Estado, o que torna o estudo da eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais especialmente relevante nesta seara. Outro ponto importante a se atentar é que a legislação trabalhista não contempla preceitos específicos referentes à proteção do direito à intimidade dos trabalhadores, aplicando-se nesta esfera as regras constitucionais gerais sobre o tema, sendo certo que, como um direito fundamental, é irrenunciável e de fruição geral. Verificamos, ainda, que o direito à propriedade também é constitucionalmente assegurado como direito fundamental e, consequentemente, deve ser tutelado pelo Estado, inclusive na seara trabalhista, como um direito do empregador. Diante deste conflito, no presente trabalho vamos refletir sobre as variáveis envolvidas no conceito de eficácia dos direitos fundamentais e teorias existentes acerca de sua aplicabilidade, notadamente nas relações interparticulares. Buscaremos, além disso, o conceito de direito à intimidade do empregado em contraponto com o direito à propriedade do empregador. Em seguida, traçaremos um panorama sobre os poderes do empregador, esmiuçando suas facetas e limites, para estabelecer a extensão e fruição do direito à intimidade no ambiente de trabalho, pormenorizando, ainda, entendimentos jurisprudenciais emblemáticos sobre o tema posteriores à Constituição de 1988.

Šiame darbe taikant tiek teorinius, tiek empirinius metodus, detaliai analizuojamas žmogaus teisių institutas, naujoji asmens duomenų apsauga Lietuvos elektroninėje erdvėje, kuri kol kas mokslinėje literatūroje buvo aptariama tik fragmentiškai, nors viešojoje erdvėje ši tema nuolat susilaukia pačių įvairiausių vertinimų. Nors darbe daugiausia koncentruojamasi į asmens duomenų prevencinių priemonių teisinio reglamentavimo prieštaringumus, atkreipiamas dėmesys ir į ginčytinų teisės normų pagrindu kylantį galimą konstitucingumo klausimą. Darbą sudaro dvi dalys. Pirmojoje aptariamos bendrosios žmogaus teisių instuto tendencijos: pateikiamos įvairios žmogaus teisių ir laisvių koncepcijos interpretacijos, istorinė analizė ir vaidmuo socialinėje aplinkoje, charakterizuojama žmogaus teisių apsaugai reikšmingų teisės normų reglamentacija, įvertinamas galimas teisės normų kolizijos atvejis dėl Direktyvos 2006/24/EB integracijos į Lietuvos teisyną. Antrojoje darbo dalyje identifikuojamos apsaugos priemonių ir žmogaus teisės į privatumą teisinio reglamentavimo ir praktikos problemos. Darbe nustatyta, jog telekomunikacijų teikimo bendrovės rizikuoja pažeisti žmogaus teisę į privatumą asmens duomenų apsaugos srityje dėl nepakankamai sureguliuotų priemonių internervencijos. Be to, atkreiptinas dėmesys į tai, kad naujosios duomenų apsaugos teisės normos gali prieštarauti Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos saugomoms vertybėms. Atsižvelgiant į nustatytas asmens duomenų apsaugos politikos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work, using both theoretical and empirical methods, in detail analyses The Institute of Human Rights, the new personal data protection in Lithuania’s electronic communications, which in scientific literature has only been discussed in fragmentary, although publicly this theme constantly receives a wide range of estimates. Although the work is mostly concentrated on contradictions in regulations of personal data preventative measures, it also draws attention to the possible constitutionality issue raised on the basis of controversial rules of law. The work consists of two parts. The first part discusses the general tendencies of The Institute of Human Rights: provides various interpretations on The Concept of Human Rights, historic analysis and their role in the social environment; characterizes rules of law regulations that are significant to The Human Rights protection; assesses the possible conflict of laws in the case of Directive 2006/24/EC integration into the Lithuania’s statute-book. The second part identifies legal and practical issues of The Human Right to Privacy and security measures. The paper found, that telecommunications companies are at risk to violate The Human Right to Privacy in the field of personal data protection due to intervention of insufficiently regulated measures. In addition, attention is drawn to the fact that the new rules of law on data protection may contradict the values protected by Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania... [to full text]

This present work aims to demonstrate that the mandatory submission convicted of a crime committed, intentionally, with serious violence against person or heinous crime, to identify the genetic profile by DNA extraction - deoxyribonucleic acid, although by proper and painless technique is offensive to fundamental rights. For this purpose, it is part of the overall concept of the right to privacy, which is configured as a negative right or protection against unlawful state mismanagement, in order to protect a need or a basic right to the free individual self-determination. Then genetic intimacy is defined as an asset able to reveal the physical, psychological, behavioral and disease features, which, if disclosed or accessed without the consent of the accused, may generate stigmatization and discrimination of the subject involved, violating in this way, therefore, the right to privacy. In conclusion, we move towards emphasizing besides the right to privacy, compulsory provision of biological material to identify the genetic profile is offensive to fundamental rights to physical liberty or outpatient; physical integrity; to the freedom of religion or conscience; non-discrimination; the silence and non-production of evidences against himself, and in last instance, the biggest vector of all fundamental rights: the dignity of the human person. For the proposed objective, the research will be of an exploratory nature. As for the methodology, it was chosen the deductive method. Finally, as the procedure was adopted bibliographic as type and technique. / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade demonstrar que a submissão obrigatória de condenados por crime praticado, dolosamente, com violência de natureza grave contra pessoa, ou por crime hediondo, à identificação do perfil genético, mediante extração de DNA – ácido desoxirribonucleico, ainda que por técnica adequada e indolor, é ofensiva a direitos fundamentais. Para tanto, parte-se do conceito geral do direito à intimidade, o qual se configura como um direito negativo ou de proteção contra as ingerências ilegítimas do Estado, visto proteger uma necessidade ou um bem básico para a livre autodeterminação individual. Em seguida, define-se a intimidade genética como sendo um patrimônio capaz de revelar as características físicas, psíquicas, comportamentais e de enfermidade, que, se revelados ou acessados sem o consentimento do imputado, poderão gerar a estigmatização e descriminação do sujeito envolvido, violando-se, desse modo, o direito à intimidade. Em linhas de conclusão, caminha-se no sentido de enfatizar que além do direito à intimidade, o fornecimento compulsório de material biológico para identificação do perfil genético é ofensivo aos direitos fundamentais à liberdade física ou ambulatorial; à integridade física; à liberdade religiosa ou de consciência; a não descriminação; ao silêncio e a não produção de prova contra si mesmo, e, em última instância, ao vetor maior de todos os direitos fundamentais: a dignidade da pessoa humana. Para o desiderato proposto, a pesquisa será de cunho exploratório. Quanto à metodologia, fez-se a opção pelo método dedutivo. Por fim, quanto ao procedimento, adotou-se como tipo e técnica, o bibliográfico. / São Cristóvão, SE

The objective of this thesis is to provide an overview of general part of the protection of personality in the Czech legal system, as well as a detailed analysis of selected aspects of personal rights. The thesis focuses on protection provided by the Act Nr. 89/2012 Sb., Civil Code, and the European Convention on Human Rights. Initial chapters of the general part of the thesis deal with brief introduction to the historical background of personality rights in the Czech legal environment, as well as with the definition of personality and personality rights as such, together with a demonstrative list of values protected by the general right of personality. The subsequent chapter provides an overview of Czech and international sources of law concerning personality protection. Chapter four deals with lawful and unlawful interferences with personality rights. The final chapter of the general part outlines legal means of protection of personal rights available according to the Czech law. The special part of the thesis is dedicated to a deeper analysis of three aspects of protection of personal rights. Chapter six deals with one of the most important personal rights, the right to privacy. This chapter aims to introduce the broad concept of privacy, including case law of the European Court of Human Rights...