Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Konzept der Quartierseffekte und überprüft im Rahmen eines deutsch-französischen Vergleichs sowohl dessen Nützlichkeit für die Stadtforschung, als auch sein Potential für die Ausrichtung integrierter Quartierspolitik. Unter Quartierseffekten werden unabhängige Effekte des Wohngebiets verstanden, die sich auf die Lebensqualität und die Perspektiven seiner Bewohner auswirken. Wenngleich Quartierseffekte auf der Ebene der Individuen oft nur schwer zu messen sind, wird hier davon ausgegangen, dass sie durchaus Aufschluss über soziale Entwicklungen und Dynamiken des Gebiets selbst geben können. Auf der Grundlage von vier qualitativen Fallstudien in Quartieren in Berlin, Erlangen, Ile-de-France und Lille, werden der lokale Kontext der Entstehung von Quartierseffekten erörtert, deren Bedeutung für die Lebensqualität der Bewohner vor Ort diskutiert, sowie zentrale Wirkungszusammenhänge analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit unterstreichen, dass das Konzept der Quartierseffekte ein umfassendes Instrumentarium zur Analyse lokaler Wirkungszusammenhänge sozialer Ungleichheit liefert und dazu geeignet ist, politische Interventionen auf Effekte des Quartiers und deren Wirkungszusammenhänge vor Ort abzustimmen / This paper deals with the concept of area effects and screens within the frame of a German-French comparison both its utility as far as urban research is concerned, as well as its potential for the development of area-based policies. Area effects are independent effects of neighborhood which influence the life quality and the perspectives of their inhabitants. Even though area effects on individuals are often quite difficult to measure, the paper assumes that they offer valuable clues about social development and dynamics of the area itself. The local context of the development of area effects is then illustrated on the base of four qualitative case studies in areas in Berlin, Erlangen, Ile-de-France and Lille. Their importance for the life quality of the inhabitants, and their central interdependency is also addressed. The outcome of the survey makes the pertinence of both positive and negative area effects in every researched area clear, as well as it illustrates the central connections for their development and impacts within the areas. The findings of the current paper emphasize that the concept of area effects provides with a comprehensive conceptual instrument meant to analyze the local interdependency of social disparity and that it is appropriate to attune locally political intervention to the area effects and their interdependency.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JesimaelAS.pdf: 2490132 bytes, checksum: 0f657a274eca483047a74fdbb2b8e032 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-04-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Geological and geophysical studies (resistivity, self potential and VLF) were undertaken in the Tararaca and Santa Rita farms, respectively close to the Santo Ant?nio and Santa Cruz villages, eastern Rio Grande do Norte State, NE Brazil. Their aim was to characterize water acummulation structures in crystalline rocks. Based on geological and geophysical data, two models were characterized, the fracture-stream and the eluvio-alluvial through, in part already described in the literature. In the Tararaca Farm, a water well was located in a NW-trending streamlet; surrounding outcrops display fractures with the same orientation. Apparent resistivity sections, accross the stream channel, confirm fracturing at depth. The VLF profiles systematically display an alignment of equivalent current density anomalies, coinciding with the stream. Based on such data, the classical fracture-stream model seems to be well characterized at this place. In the Santa Rita Farm, a NE-trending stream display a metric-thick eluvioregolith-alluvial cover. The outcropping bedrock do not present fractures paralell to the stream direction, although the latter coincides with the trend of the gneiss foliation, which dips to the south. Geophysical data confirm the absence of a fracture zone at this place, but delineate the borders of a through-shaped structure filled with sediments (alluvium and regolith). The southern border of this structure dips steeper compared to the northern one. This water acummulation structure corresponds to an alternative model as regards to the classical fracture-stream, being named as the eluvio-alluvial trough. Its local controls are the drainage and relief, coupled with the bedrock weathering preferentially following foliation planes, generating the asymmetry of the through / O Estado do Rio Grande do Norte apresenta extensas ?reas onde se sobrep?em clima semi-?rido e terrenos cristalinos. Algumas destas ?reas apresentam cobertura relativamente espessa de solo, o que dificulta ainda mais os trabalhos de loca??o de po?os (para extra??o de ?gua subterr?nea) pelo m?todo tradicional que ? baseado na an?lise de fotografias a?reas e geologia de superf?cie. Esse conjunto de fatos faz com que o ?ndice de insucesso das loca??es seja da ordem de 30%. Este trabalho descreve os resultados de estudos estruturais e geof?sicos, realizados em tr?s localidades do estado, com o objetivo de caracterizar as estruturas acumuladoras de ?gua subterr?nea no cristalino, de modo a compor uma base interpretativa que permita aumentar o ?ndice de sucesso das loca??es de po?os. Os trabalhos estruturais envolveram a coleta de dados de fraturas e folia??es e os trabalhos de geof?sica est?o baseados em dados de eletro-resistividade, potencial espont?neo e VLF(Very Low Frequency). A interpreta??o integrada dos dados estruturais e geof?sicos evidenciou que o modelo riacho-fenda n?o se constitui no modelo ?nico de acumula??o de ?gua no cristalino. Constatou-se a exist?ncia de outra estrutura, muito promissora ao ac?mulo de ?gua nestes terrenos, a qual foi denominada de calha el?vio-aluvionar. As estruturas riacho-fenda e calha apresentam caracter?sticas bem distintas e, portanto, os crit?rios de loca??o em cada estrutura s?o bastante diferentes. Na estrutura do tipo riacho-fenda ocorre a coincid?ncia do riacho com a zona de fratura ou com as suas bordas. As dire??es das fraturas coletadas em afloramentos s?o consistentes com a dire??o do riacho. Al?m disso, ocorre a correla??o de anomalias geof?sicas de um perfil a outro, delimitando a zona fraturada e a sua dire??o. Por outro lado, o modelo calha, proposto neste trabalho, representa uma estrutura de acumula??o de aluvi?o e/ou regolito. Os perfis geof?sicos, principalmente as se??es de resistividade aparente, delimitam muito bem as bordas da estrutura e fornecem uma boa indica??o da topografia do topo do cristalino sobre o qual est?o acumulados os sedimentos. As anomalias geof?sicas detetadas no centro da estrutura calha n?o apresentam continuidade de um perfil para o outro, mas ocorre boa correla??o das anomalias provocadas pela borda da estrutura. A implanta??o da estrutura calha ? fortemente condicionada pela folia??o da rocha: a maior dimens?o da estrutura calha ? paralela ? dire??o da folia??o e a forma e mergulho das bordas da calha s?o controladas pelo mergulho da folia??o. No caso das loca??es em que seja v?lido o modelo riacho-fenda, a utiliza??o do VLF oferece excelente resposta tanto em rela??o ? localiza??o da zona fraturada quanto na determina??o da dire??o do seu eixo de prolongamento. Por outro lado, no caso de loca??es em que seja v?lido o modelo calha, o m?todo de eletro-resistividade, em especial a t?cnica da se??o de resistividade aparente, proporciona a delimita??o das bordas da estrutura, bem como revela os locais da calha que apresentam maior espessura de aluvi?o e/ou regolito

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuciaMF_DISSERT.pdf: 4358555 bytes, checksum: 1a9d061dffe256178596d20701eec009 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-04 / The growing accumulation of people in urban centers caused chronic problems of the cities to begin to take an increasingly unsustainable. Primarily related to lack of infrastructure coupled with sanitation and lack of investment in critical sectors such as health, education, housing and transportation, these problems start to deteriorate markedly the quality of life of city dwellers and put into test management policies of the spaces urbanized. To reverse this situation, shows is essential to the use of tools (highlighting this harvest rates and environmental indicators) that help in assessing the current conditions and may assist in predicting future scenarios. From the information listed above, now put the research seeks to present an index called ISBA Environmental (Sanitation Index) which looks at the four urban systems (water, sewer, solid waste and urban drainage) from the viewpoint of application in a geographical cutout specific - in this case the Drainage Basin XII, defined by the Plan of Urban Drainage Stormwater in the city of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte. This index, together with analysis of other factors sought to trace the current conditions of the basin and thus, assist in proposing the best solutions. For the preparation of the index was applied a questionnaire with a sample of 384 (three hundred eighty-four) households that aimed to study two variables: access to services and satisfaction of the population in relation to these. The ISBA has shown that the system is the most deficient collection and disposal of effluents (ICE = 47.66%), followed by the drainage of rainwater (IDAP = 54.17%), water supply (AAI = 61, 36) and solid waste collection (IRS = 78.28). With the ISBA was possible to verify that the qualitative data shows whose subjectivity is evident (as is the case of user satisfaction) can be of great importance when an assessment, since we obtained the correlation coefficient between the variables "Access" and " Satisfaction "equal to 0.8234, showing a strong correlation between the existence / quality of service offered and the impressions of the population that receives them / O crescente ac?mulo de pessoas nos centros urbanos fez com que problemas cr?nicos das cidades passassem a tomar propor??es cada vez mais insustent?veis. Relacionados principalmente a falta de infra-estrutura de saneamento e somadas a falta de investimentos em setores cr?ticos como sa?de, educa??o, habita??o e transporte, estes problemas passam a degradar acentuadamente a qualidade de vida dos citadinos e colocam em teste as pol?ticas de gest?o dos espa?os urbanizados. Para reverter tal quadro, mostra-se imprescind?vel o uso de ferramentas que auxiliem na avalia??o das atuais condi??es e possam auxiliar na predi??o de cen?rios futuros. A partir das informa??es elencadas supra, a presente pesquisa busca apresentar um instrumento ambiental denominado ?ndice de Saneamento B?sico (ISBA) que visa a analise dos quatro sistemas urbanos (?gua, esgoto, res?duos s?lidos e drenagem urbana) sob a ?tica de aplica??o em um recorte geogr?fico especifico no caso a Bacia de Drenagem XII, definida pelo Plano de Drenagem Urbana de ?guas Pluviais da cidade do Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte. Este ?ndice, juntamente com an?lises de outros fatores ajuda a tra?ar as atuais condi??es da bacia e com isso, auxiliar na proposi??o das melhores solu??es. Para a aplica??o do ?ndice foram utilizados obtidos atrav?s de um question?rio com uma amostra de 384 (trezentos e oitenta e quatro) resid?ncias que objetivava estudar duas vari?veis: acesso e a satisfa??o da popula??o aos servi?os de saneamento. O ISBA mostrou que o sistema mais deficit?rio ? o de coleta e destina??o final de efluentes (ICE=47,66%), seguido pela drenagem de ?guas pluviais (IDAP=54,17%), o abastecimento de ?gua (IAA=61,36) e a coleta de res?duos s?lidos (IRS=78,28). Com o ISBA foi poss?vel verificar que dados qualitativos cuja subjetividade mostra-se evidente (como ? o caso da satisfa??o dos usu?rios) podem ser de grande import?ncia quando de uma avalia??o, visto que se obteve coeficiente de correla??o entre as vari?veis Acesso e Satisfa??o igual a 0,8234, mostrando grande correla??o entre a exist?ncia/qualidade de servi?o oferecido e as impress?es da popula??o que os recebe

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:19:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioRVN.pdf: 3914529 bytes, checksum: f675e6634445ab12c769726f659a0a55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present work was carried through in the Grossos city - RN and had as main objectives the elaboration of an physicist-ambient, socioeconomic survey and execution a multisecular evaluation of 11 years, between 1986 and 1996, using remote sensing products, to evaluate the modifications of the land use, aiming at the generation of an information database to implementation a geographical information system (GIS) to management the this city. For they had been in such a way raised given referring the two Demographic Censuses carried through by the IBGE (1991 and 2000) and compared, of this form was possible to the accomplishment of an evaluation on the demographic aspects (degree of urbanization, et?ria structure, educational level) and economic (income, habitation, vulnerability, human development). For the ambient physical survey the maps of the natural resources had been confectioned (simplified geology, hydrography, geomorphologi, veget covering, ground association, use and occupation), based in comments of field and orbital products of remote sensoriamento (images Spot-HRVIR, Landsat 5-TM and IKONOS - II), using itself of techniques of digital picture processing. The survey of these data and important in the identification of the potentialities and fragilities of found ecosystems, therefore allows an adequate planning of the partner-economic development by means of an efficient management. The project was part of a partnership between the Grossos city hall the municipal City hall of Grossos - RN and the Geoscience post-graduate program of the UFRN, more specifically the Geomatica laboratory LAGEOMA / O presente trabalho foi realizado no Munic?pio de Grossos RN e teve como principais objetivos ? elabora??o de um levantamento s?cio-econ?mico, f?sico-ambiental e execu??o uma avalia??o multitemporal de 11 anos, entre o per?odo de 1986 e 1996, utilizando-se de produtos de sensores orbitais, para avaliar as modifica??es ocorridas na utiliza??o e ocupa??o do solo, visando a gera??o de uma base informacional para implementa??o de um Sistema de Informa??es Geogr?ficas (SIG) voltado para a gest?o ambiental do referido Munic?pio. Para tanto foram levantados dados referentes a dois Censos Demogr?ficos realizados pelo IBGE (1991 e 2000) e comparados, desta forma foi poss?vel ? realiza??o de uma avalia??o sobre os aspectos demogr?ficos (grau de urbaniza??o, estrutura et?ria, n?vel educacional) e econ?micos (renda, habita??o, vulnerabilidade, desenvolvimento humano). Para o levantamento f?sico ambiental foram confeccionados os mapas dos recursos naturais (geologia simplificada, hidrografia, geomorfologia, cobertura vegetal, associa??o de solos, uso e ocupa??o), baseados em observa??es de campo e produtos orbitais de sensoriamento remoto (imagens SPOT-HRVIR, Landsat 5-TM e IKONOS - II), utilizando-se de t?cnicas de processamento de imagens digitais. O levantamento destes dados e importante na identifica??o das potencialidades e fragilidades dos ecossistemas encontrados, pois permite um planejamento adequado do desenvolvimento s?cio-econ?mico por meio de um gerenciamento eficaz. O projeto fez parte de uma parceria entre a Prefeitura municipal de GrossosRN e o Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Geoci?ncias da UFRN, mais especificamente o Laborat?rio de Geom?tica LAGEOMA

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assistencia Social Pos LOAS em Natal.pdf: 2695618 bytes, checksum: 425522492f34bc5aa635efd17b96da10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / That work aims to analyze the social assistance policy in Natal city during the period between 1995-2004, trying to apprehend, on the basis of the guide lines of the Law of the Social Assistance - LOAS, how the social assistance was applied as a citizen right, and if the conservative practices, so usual in the history of that policy, have been broken. It is frequent in the studies about the social assistance, the reference to the political conservative practices. However, the analysis of such practices from the comprehension that they conform and reproduce a certain political culture, has not been common. That research has been done trying to apprehend the object of study theoretically and historically in its totality. The collection of data occurred during the period between Mars until June 2003 and May until December 2004. The information of qualitative nature was privileged through the documentary research and the half-structuralized interview with 49 people who were directly involved with the city policy of the social assistance in Natal.: users, managers, experts, program coordinators and delegates of the civil society in the City council of Social Assistance. With a set of questions that guided the analysis, the research was developed having as reference some hypotheses: the first one affirms that there is the legal fulfillment of the guide lines of LOAS in the City government; the second one affirms that the LOAS, as legal instrument of the social assistance policy has guide lines and objectives that, if accomplished can contribute in the construction of a culture of social and citizen rights; the third one comes from the observation that in Natal, we can find a legal formulation of the Social Assistance Policy as a civil right, incorporates the guide lines of the LOAS, but, in its practice the rights are replaced by the old practices of the favor, paternalism and assistencialism. When that happens, it becomes a second class right, because of the strong selectivity and the low quality of the offered services. Going out from the analysis of the central theoretical categories of the study object, social assistance, political culture and civil rights, from the trajectory of the social assistance in Natal historically, from the analysis of political forces who occupied the city government in the analyzed period, the apprehension of the practices and concepts of the involved citizens with the policy, the study allows to conclude that the marks of a culture of delay persist and are the instruments for the hegemony of the ruling classes. Confirming the previously raised hypothesis, the implementation of the social assistance in Natal discloses that it is mainly a policy enrolled still in the field of the possibilities / O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a política de assistência social em Natal, no período 1995-2004, procurando apreender, com base nos princípios e diretrizes da Lei Orgânica da Assistência Social - LOAS, em que medida tem se efetivado a assistência social como direito e se as práticas conservadoras, que marcam a história desta política, vêm sendo rompidas. É freqüente, nos estudos sobre a assistência social, a referência a práticas políticas conservadoras. Contudo, a análise de tais práticas a partir da compreensão de que estas conformam e reproduzem uma certa cultura política, não tem sido comum. A pesquisa foi realizada buscando apreender o objeto de estudo em sua totalidade, em nível teórico e histórico. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos períodos de março a junho de 2003; e maio a dezembro de 2004. Privilegiou a busca de informações de natureza qualitativa por meio da pesquisa documental e da entrevista semi-estruturada com 49 sujeitos diretamente envolvidos com a política municipal de assistência social em Natal: usuários, gestores, técnicos, coordenadores de programa e conselheiros da sociedade civil no Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social. A partir de um conjunto de questões que guiaram a análise, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida tendo como referência algumas hipóteses: a primeira afirma o cumprimento legal dos princípios e diretrizes da LOAS pelo poder público municipal; a segunda ressalta que a LOAS, enquanto instrumento legal norteador da política de assistência social possui princípios, diretrizes e objetivos que, se efetivados podem contribuir na construção de uma cultura de direitos; a terceira consiste na observação de que em Natal, a Política de Assistência Social é formulada legalmente como direito e incorpora os princípios e diretrizes da LOAS, mas, em sua operacionalização o direito é substituído pelas velhas práticas do favor, do paternalismo e do assistencialismo. Quando este se efetiva é um direito de segunda classe, pela forte seletividade, focalização e baixa qualidade dos serviços oferecidos. A partir da análise das categorias teóricas centrais do objeto de estudo assistência social, cultura política e direitos da trajetória da assistência social em Natal historicamente, da análise das forças políticas que ocuparam o governo municipal no período analisado, da apreensão das práticas e das concepções dos sujeitos envolvidos com a política, o estudo permite concluir que as marcas de uma cultura do atraso persistem e são instrumentos para a hegemonia das classes dominantes. Confirmando as hipóteses levantadas anteriormente, a implementação da assistência social em Natal revela que ela ainda é predominantemente uma política inscrita no campo das possibilidades

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-11T18:18:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 diss-Raphael-Logato-de-Oliveira-PPGA.pdf: 25249109 bytes, checksum: bebdeef5c344d7c319f3fd7481af2cce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T18:18:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 diss-Raphael-Logato-de-Oliveira-PPGA.pdf: 25249109 bytes, checksum: bebdeef5c344d7c319f3fd7481af2cce (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ / A taxa de crescimento de uma colônia do coral endêmico brasileiro Siderastrea stellata, proveniente da Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas (3° 45’ S / 33° 40’ O – 3° 55’ S / 33° 50’ O), baseada em conta gem de bandas de crescimento e datação absoluta pelo método U-Th, seguidas de analises geoquímicas e isotópicas, revelaram uma variablidade das Temperaturas de Superfície do Mar (TSM) durante os últimos 39 anos. Os resultados demonstram uma forte correlação entre o crescimento do coral e a razão Sr/Ca, como também entre o Sr/Ca e U/Ca. O crescimento, Sr/Ca e U/Ca indicaram um forte sinal com frequência decadal, que é correspondente a um dos principais regimes de variabilidade do Atlântico Tropical Sul. Além disto, pode ser dito que o sinal do δ18O apresentou uma boa coerência com a ZCIT, indicando um potencial para futuros estudos sobre flutuações de salinidade. Porém, a falta de correlação entre os parametros geoquimicos com a TSM pode ser atribuída à limitação dos registros instrumentais de TSM disponíveis para a área de estudo (PIRATA), que são provenientes de bóias oceanográficas espaçadamente distribuídas. Assim, este estudo destaca alguns importantes fatores: a necessidade de se obter os registros de TSM in situ, para que seja possível estabelecer boas correlações entre esta e os traçadores; a clara relação entre o crescimento e Sr/Ca, sugerindo que este traçador pode não ser regulado somente pela TSM no caso de S. stellata; e a predominância de influências de variabilidades decadais e semi-decadais para esta região / One colony growth rate of an endemic Brazilian coral Sideratrea stellata from Atol das Rocas Biological reserve (3° 45’ S / 33° 4 0’ O – 3° 55’ S / 33° 50’ O), based on growth band counting and U-Th dating method, followed by geochemical analysis, revealed Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability for the last 39 years. Results show a strong correlation between coral growth and Sr/Ca ratio, and also strong correlation between Sr/Ca and U/Ca. Growth, Sr/Ca and U/Ca indicate strong signal at decadal frequencies, corresponding to one of major South Tropical Atlantic variability. Moreover, it can be said that δ18O signal has showed good coherence with respect to ITCZ, pointing out to potential future studies about salinity fluctuations. However, the lack of correlation between SST and geochemical tracers can be attributed to instrumental SST data restriction for the study site, which comes from sparsely distributed oceanographic buyos (PIRATA). Insofar, this study highlights some important factors: the need for in situ SST registry in order to establish good correlations for SST and geochemical data; the clear relationship between coral growth and Sr/Ca, suggesting that this ratio may not be regulated by SST only for S. stellata; and the predominance decadal and semi-decadal variabilities at this region.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CintiaGB_DISSERT.pdf: 782539 bytes, checksum: 1cd1039b2eef4544b15926fdef7c22d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-07 / The existence of chronic inhabitants in the psychiatric hospitals imposes a challenge to the Psychiatric Reform, that proposes things such as the gradual and progressive way to extinct mental institutions, once the permanence of the hospital in the system is only necessary because there is not a net of well structured substitute services capable of receiving that demand. This work considered relevant to deepen the knowledge about those people who passes their lives jailed by the walls of psychiatric hospitals and compose significant part of the world population. It also aimed to investigate the problem relative to the condition of being an inhabitant of a psychiatric hospital the Dr. Jo?o Machado Hospital (HJM), in the city of Natal/RN. The paper used different points of view (patients , families and professionals ) to define the profile of the inhabitants, to identify the possibility of insertion in substituting social equipment, to know the expectations of the inhabitants and their relatives regarding to the exit of the life shelter, to investigate the demands related to the net of cares social support for making feasible the discharge and to identify the difficulties that are involved in the exit of the chronic inhabitant of the hospital. There were defined three methodological phases: delineation of the identification, socio-economic and clinical profile of the inhabitants of the HJM; semi-structured interviews with professionals; and open interviews with inhabitants and family. It concluded that the psychiatric institutionalization contributes to the generation of chronic inhabitants in the psychiatric hospitals. Among the professionals, it was detached the defense of desospitalization, but an existence of devices of the asylum model. The relatives showed a resistance to participate in the care and the inhabitants exposed their desire to leave the hospital, as well like the wish of permanence. It was considered important: the construction of an extra-hospital net that enables to desinstitutionalization; the qualification of the technical; orientation to the family, stimulating its participation in the process of caring; give freedom to the individuals in mental suffering, enabling them to be ahead of their lives and express their desires and opinions; the implementation of an extended clinic that is capable of building new possibilities; and a subjectivity guided by the social enclosure / A exist?ncia de moradores cr?nicos nos hospitais psiqui?tricos imp?e um desafio ? desinstitucionaliza??o proposta pela Reforma Psiqui?trica, na medida em que o hospital se coloca como ?nica alternativa assistencial, enquanto n?o h? uma rede de servi?os substitutivos suficiente para acolher essa demanda. Considerou-se relevante aprofundar o conhecimento acerca desses sujeitos que passam suas vidas isoladas pelos muros de hospitais psiqui?tricos e comp?em parcela significativa da popula??o mundial. Objetivou-se investigar a problem?tica relativa ? condi??o de ser morador de um hospital psiqui?trico Hospital Dr. Jo?o Machado (HJM), na cidade de Natal/RN por parte dos t?cnicos, dos familiares e dos moradores, com vistas a: definir o perfil destes; identificar a possibilidade de inser??o em equipamentos sociais substitutivos; conhecer as expectativas dos moradores e familiares em rela??o ? desinstitucionaliza??o; investigar as demandas de cuidados e suporte social para viabiliz?-la e identificar as dificuldades envolvidas nesse processo. Realizaram-se tr?s etapas metodol?gicas: delineamento do perfil identificat?rio, s?cio-econ?mico e cl?nico dos moradores do HJM; entrevistas semi-estruturadas com t?cnicos do HJM e entrevistas abertas com moradores e familiares. Constatou-se que a institucionaliza??o psiqui?trica contribui para a gera??o de moradores cr?nicos nos hospitais psiqui?tricos. Entre os t?cnicos, destacou-se a defesa pela desospitaliza??o, mas tamb?m a exist?ncia de discursos institucionalizantes. Os familiares expuseram uma recusa ? participa??o no cuidado e os moradores evidenciaram a vontade de sair do hospital, bem como o desejo de perman?ncia. Verificou-se a import?ncia: da constru??o de uma rede extra-hospitalar que possibilite a desinstitucionaliza??o; da capacita??o da equipe t?cnica em rela??o ao exerc?cio de pr?ticas desinstitucionalizantes; da orienta??o ? fam?lia, estimulando a participa??o desta no cuidado; de possibilitar a apropria??o de suas vidas pelos sujeitos em sofrimento mental e a express?o de seus desejos e opini?es e da efetiva??o de uma cl?nica ampliada instauradora de uma subjetividade pautada na inclus?o social

PURPOSE: Substantial research demonstrates that many nursing homes are not providing adequate quality of care for residents because of inadequate processes of care and insufficient numbers and training of nursing staff. Some residents experience poor-quality outcomes, such as pressure ulcers and unintended weight loss. To address these issues, the long-term care industry has focused on improving quality of care by improving staff education about care processes and reducing nurse turnover rate. The aim of this study was to compare the association between - licensed nurse hours of care and turnover rate to five quality measures—incidence of ADL decline, physical restraints, prevalence of pressure ulcers among residents with risk factors for skin breakdown, and prevalence of unintended weight loss. DESIGN: The study population included 618 freestanding Texas nursing facilities. A cross-sectional multiple regression analysis was conducted using 2007 data to examine the relationship between nurse staffing levels and turnover and resident outcomes with control variables for facility and resident characteristics. RESULTS: The high-risk pressure ulcer variable accounted for 10% of the variation in the regression model. LVN (hprd) was positively associated with an increase in high-risk pressure ulcers. The ADL decline variable accounted for 7.5% of the variation in the regression model, and RN hprd was positively associated with ADL decline. The prevalence of weight loss variable accounted for 3% of the variation in the regression model. RN turnover rate was approaching significance. The physical restraint variable accounted for 2% of the variation in the regression model. LVN contract hprd was significant and positively associated with an increase in physical restraint use although a minimal contribution to the model given the low percentage of LVN contract hprd. The prevalence of low-risk pressure ulcers was not significant. The control variable case mix index was positively associated with ADL decline, high-risk pressure ulcers, and weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: This research will contribute to understanding the relationship of licensed nursing staff to resident outcomes. Additionally, it will contribute to nursing education, research, and policy. While controlling for acuity using case mix index, some negative findings were still noted that requires further research. / text

Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a pour objectif de proposer et d'évaluer les performances de différentes techniques de suppression de bruit impulsif de type asynchrone adaptées aux transmissions sur courants porteurs en lignes (CPL) indoor. En effet, outre les caractéristiques physiques spécifiques à ce type de canal de transmission, le bruit impulsif asynchrone reste la contrainte sévère qui pénalise les systèmes CPL en terme de QoS. Pour remédier aux dégradations dues aux bruits impulsifs asynchrones, les techniques dites de retransmission sont souvent très utilisées. Bien qu'elles soient efficaces, ces techniques de retransmission conduisent à une réduction de débit et à l'introduction de délais de traitement supplémentaires pouvant être critiques pour des applications temps réel. Par ailleurs, plusieurs solutions alternatives sont proposées dans la littérature pour minimiser l'impact du bruit impulsif sur les transmissions CPL. Cependant, le nombre de techniques, qui permettent d'obtenir un bon compromis entre capacité de correction et complexité d'implantation reste faible pour les systèmes CPL. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons dans un premier temps d'utiliser un filtre linéaire adaptatif : le filtre de Widrow, nommé aussi ADALINE (ADAptive LInear NEuron), que nous utilisons comme méthode de débruitage pour les systèmes CPL. Pour améliorer les performances du débruitage effectué à l'aide d'ADALINE, nous proposons d'utiliser un réseau de neurones (RN) non linéaire comme méthode de débruitage. Le réseau de neurones est un bon outil qui est une généralisation de la structure du filtre ADALINE. Dans un deuxième temps, pour améliorer les performances du débruitage par un réseau de neurones, nous proposons un procédé d'annulation du bruit impulsif constitué de deux algorithmes : EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) associé à un réseau de neurones de type perceptron multicouches. L'EMD effectue le prétraitement en décomposant le signal bruité en signaux moins complexes et donc plus facilement analysables. Après quoi le réseau de neurones effectue le débruitage. Enfin, nous proposons une méthode d'estimation du bruit impulsif utilisant la méthode GPOF (Generalized Pencil Of Function). L'efficacité des deux méthodes, EMD-RN et la technique utilisant l'algorithme GPOF, est évaluée en utilisant une chaîne de simulation de transmission numérique compatible avec le standard HPAV.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-05T12:59:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AILTON RODRIGUES DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2012..pdf: 874312 bytes, checksum: 1dc2f2515ff17b649766c1fa11f76b11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:59:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AILTON RODRIGUES DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2012..pdf: 874312 bytes, checksum: 1dc2f2515ff17b649766c1fa11f76b11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02 / CNPq / Nesta dissertação, estudamos a existência de solução blow-up para uma classe de problemas e sistemas elípticos. A principal ferramenta usada foi o Método de Sub e Supersolução, além de Regularidade Elíptica e alguns resultados de Equações Diferenciais Ordinárias. / In this dissertation, we study the existence of blow-up solution for some classes of elliptic problem, which include scalar problem and elliptic systems. The main tool used is the sub and super-solution methods combined with elliptic regularity and some results of Ordinary Differential Equations.