Denna studie berör studenters preferenser när det gäller transporter som görs med cykel. Studien begränsas till området Öst på stan med universitetsområdet och centrum som start och målpunkt inom Umeå kommun. Studien bygger på en fallstudie där ett 70-tal studenters resonemang och åsikter behandlas utifrån vad som är mer och mindre attraktiva inslag rörande cykelvägars utformning. Samt om det finns andra beståndsdelar som är viktiga vid val av cykelväg förutom utformningen. Deras åsikter preciseras både genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning samt en kvalitativ gruppintervju. Vidare genomfördes en tematisering för att strukturera den data som framkommit från respondenterna.   Respondenterna utrycker att cykelvägarna bör erbjuda god framkomlighet och standard för att dessa ska anses värda att användas. Exempel på positiv utformning är: God sikt, underhåll av vägens hårda ytor samt hantering av snö och vatten. Även vägbredd och separering är attraktiva inslag för god utformning. Utöver utformning är kopplingar mellan målpunkter viktigt för att vägen ska anses användarvänlig. De slutsatser som dras inom studien är att Öst på stans fyra cykelvägar erbjuder olika standard sinsemellan. Kvalitén på vägarna anses ändå så pass bra att detta inte inverkar i valet av färdväg. Vad som spelar in i valet av färdväg för respondenterna är istället den upplevda kopplingen mellan de två målpunkter som behandlas för denna fallstudie. Samt den upplevda tid det tar att nyttja en väg. Den upplevda kopplingen är i sin tur baserad på den lokalkännedom som studenterna har om platsen. Detta innebär således att valet av cykelväg grundas främst på den kännedom studenter har om möjliga vägar och i andra hand vilka punkter dessa vägar kopplar samman för detta studieområde.

The program AutoCAD is a standard software solution to design of some surface routes. The thesis shows a right elaboration of a cart-road with using the program AutoCAD. The work should be the educational aid for a education of a technical subject. As a result of this thesis is a complete design documentation that is necessary for the administrative and technical realization of the cart-road.

Cycling contributes to public health because it requires physical effort [1] and offers economic and environmental advantages over motorized transport [2]. However, 41,000 cyclists die every year in traffic crashes, 3% of the total worldwide [3]. Most fatal bicycle crashes are collisions with motor vehicles. Severe injuries among cyclists, however, are mostly due to single bicycle crashes and their numbers are increasing [4, 5]. An international review showed that the share of hospitalised casualties due to single-bicycle crashes varied from 3% to 41 % of the total number of hospitalised casualties [ 6]. ... The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between cycle track width and lateral position. We conducted an experiment in which the cycle track width was manipulated to determine its effect on lateral position. The results have been compared with previous findings from literature. [From: Introduction]

National ambient air quality standards for particulate matter have been promulgated since April, 1971. While effects of stationary sources on these standards have been examined, little research has been accomplished on the effects of fugitive particulate. This thesis examines the environmental impact of a fugitive dust source, Highway Construction. Using the High-Volume reference method for particulate sampling, the effect of Highway construction was determined. An analysis of concentrations, distance influences, meteorological influences, particle sizes and construction influences is presented. The data obtained from this study indicates the major influence of concentrations is a function of distance and sampling height. Particle sizes were observed to be larger than normal "urban" particles. While many air quality violations were noted, recommendations to reduce these occurrences are made.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of unsignalised intersection geometry on the rates of the various types of accidents occurring at unsignalised intersections. A literature review has identified that there is little consistency between the results of previous studies. Some studies found that particular parameters had an opposite effect to what was expected. With this in mind, the research identified reasons for these results and developed two basic approaches to mitigate some of the problems with multi-factor type studies. These approaches are 'maximise the efficiency of data collection' and 'develop techniques for analysing less than perfect data'. A database consisting of 206 unsignalised intersection sites from throughout Queensland was used for analysis. The outcome of this research confirms the validity of several of the current design standards for unsignalised intersections, in addition to identifying new engineering procedures.

SMHI:s data tyder på att temperaturen i Sverige kommer att öka. Dessutom kommer det framtida temperaturintervallet att vara mindre. Dessa två beräknade förändringar kommer att påverka den dimensioneringsprocess som idag används för vägar. Idag tar trafikverket hänsyn till temperaturen i ett bitumenbundet lager samt klimatperiodernas längder och båda dessa variabler kommer att förändras med tiden. Detta kommer att påverka val av material, materialåtgång vid nybyggnation, underhållsåtgärder samt vägens beräknade livslängd och kraven på de bitumen som skall används i framtiden. Förutom detta kan trafikverket behöva se över ett antal tabellvärden samt den klimatzonsindelning organisationen för närvarande använder sig utav. / The data from Sweden’s meteorological and hydrological institute suggests the temperatures in Sweden will rise in the future. It also suggests that the future temperature intervals will be smaller than they are today. This will affect the methods that are used for designing roads. Currently Trafikverket takes into account the temperature of the asphalt and the number of days of a specific climate period when considering climate temperature. Both these variables will have to be checked and possibly redone. This change will affect several areas that are important for the design, among these are the choice of materials, the amount of materials used, the cost of building and maintaining a road, a roads expected lifetime and the requirements for future asphalt layers. Add to that Trafikverket will probably need to recheck several table values and the climate zones that the organization uses today.

The purpose of this study is to compare the safety of cyclists in five bicycle facility layouts in signalized intersections at various traffic volumes in order to assess if some layouts are better than others with regards to cyclist safety and to develop methods to facilitate this comparison. The five layouts included two full-length bicycle tracks with and without separate right-turning lane, two truncated bicycle tracks – one in which cyclists and right-turning vehicles merge in the right-turning lane, one continued into a narrow bicycle lane – and a recessed bicycle track. Using two different definitions of traffic conflicts the safety of cyclists in each layout is calculated as the risk of a cyclist being involved in a conflict with left- and right-turning vehicles at low, medium and high vehicle volumes, respectively. In total, around 35,500 left-turning vehicles, 38,000 right-turning vehicles and 16,000 cyclists going straight ahead were observed, resulting in 12 left-hook and 25 right-hook traffic conflicts for the reaction-based indicator and 25 left-hook and 80 right-hook traffic conflicts for the time-based indicator. The results show that regardless of which of the two conflict indicators were used, the number of conflicts was too small to make firm conclusions about which layout is safest for cyclists at various traffic volumes, although the study was based on 80 h of video recordings from each of the five intersections. However, a recessed bicycle track seems to be safer than the other geometric layouts. In order to facilitate the detection of conflicts, we developed watchdog video analysis software to reduce the amount of video. This software compressed 400 h of video into 64 h, i.e. 16% of its original length. The use of this software is particularly important to provide enough conflicts for an analysis if even larger traffic conflict studies should be carried out.

Con el transcurso de los años, la población a nivel mundial se ha ido incrementando lo que ha traído como consecuencia la necesidad del desarrollo en infraestructura de transporte. El desarrollo de un país va estrechamente relacionado con sus vías de comunicación debido a que facilitan el acceso a áreas remotas y contribuyen al progreso económico y social. Este trabajo de investigación muestra el diseño de una carretera de 12.446 km la cual servirá de unión entre los centros poblados de Chaupe Cruz y Santa Clara de Camse, dichos poblados en la actualidad están en crecimiento y necesitan de una carretera para transportar sus productos agropecuarios. En la vía en mención se utilizará un aditivo ecológico en la estabilización de la superficie de rodadura con el fin de aumentar su durabilidad en el tiempo. Para lograr un buen desarrollo del proyecto se realizaron estudios y análisis que permitieron tener una idea general y específica de todos los componentes que conformaran la vía. Los parámetros y criterios del diseño vial se ciñeron a los dados por la normativa peruana vigente DG-2018. / Over the years, the global population has been increasing, which has resulted in the need for transportation infrastructure development. The development of a country is closely related to its communication routes as they facilitate access to remote areas and contribute to economic and social progress. This research work presents the design of a 12,446 km road that will serve as a connection between the populated centers of Chaupe Cruz and Santa Clara de Camse. These settlements are currently experiencing growth and require a road to transport their agricultural products. An ecological additive will be used in the mentioned road to stabilize the road surface in order to increase its durability over time. To achieve a successful project development, studies and analyses were conducted to obtain a general and specific understanding of all the components that will make up the road. The parameters and criteria for road design adhere to the current Peruvian regulations DG-2018.

Esta pesquisa avalia a aplicabilidade de modelos matemáticos para analisar a compatibilidade de tráfego de caminhões e combinações de veículos de carga com trechos de rodovias. Os modelos avaliados permitiram a elaboração de um simulador de tráfego de veículos rodoviários de carga em trechos de rodovias, permitindo determinar o perfil de velocidades com base nas características mecânicas do veículo e o perfil da rodovia. O método permite ainda obter os valores de aceleração, potência utilizada, e consumo de combustível. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se consistentes com observações de campo e recomendações de manuais de projeto de rodovias. Outros fatores associados à compatibilidade entre veículos e rodovias, como capacidade de frenagem motora, capacidade de frenagem de emergência, requisitos de sobrelargura, estabilidade veicular, influência do comportamento do condutor sobre as simulações, consumo de combustíveis e emissões de poluentes são discutidos. Conclui-se que o simulador tem utilidade tanto como ferramenta de análise da compatibilidade de tráfego de veículos de carga em trechos de rodovias, como para identificar deficiências de projeto geométrico de rodovias para autorizar o tráfego de determinadas configurações veiculares. / This research evaluates the applicability of mathematical models to analyze the traffic compatibility of trucks or cargo combination vehicles with road segments. The evaluated models led to a cargo vehicle locomotion simulator along a road segment, that calculates the speed profile of the vehicle as a function of its mechanical characteristics and the road profile. The method also calculates values of acceleration, used power, and fuel consumption. The results obtained are consistent with field observations and recommendations of road design manuals. Others factors associated with the traffic compatibility of cargo vehicles with geometric characteristics of a road segment like engine braking capability, emergency braking capability, overwidht requirements, vehicle stability, conductor influence, fuel consumption, and emissions rates are also discussed. The conclusion is that the simulator can be used as a tool for traffic compatibility analysis of cargo vehicles with road sections or to identify road design deficiencies to certify traffic of certain vehicle configurations.

Esta pesquisa avalia a aplicabilidade de modelos matemáticos para analisar a compatibilidade de tráfego de caminhões e combinações de veículos de carga com trechos de rodovias. Os modelos avaliados permitiram a elaboração de um simulador de tráfego de veículos rodoviários de carga em trechos de rodovias, permitindo determinar o perfil de velocidades com base nas características mecânicas do veículo e o perfil da rodovia. O método permite ainda obter os valores de aceleração, potência utilizada, e consumo de combustível. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se consistentes com observações de campo e recomendações de manuais de projeto de rodovias. Outros fatores associados à compatibilidade entre veículos e rodovias, como capacidade de frenagem motora, capacidade de frenagem de emergência, requisitos de sobrelargura, estabilidade veicular, influência do comportamento do condutor sobre as simulações, consumo de combustíveis e emissões de poluentes são discutidos. Conclui-se que o simulador tem utilidade tanto como ferramenta de análise da compatibilidade de tráfego de veículos de carga em trechos de rodovias, como para identificar deficiências de projeto geométrico de rodovias para autorizar o tráfego de determinadas configurações veiculares. / This research evaluates the applicability of mathematical models to analyze the traffic compatibility of trucks or cargo combination vehicles with road segments. The evaluated models led to a cargo vehicle locomotion simulator along a road segment, that calculates the speed profile of the vehicle as a function of its mechanical characteristics and the road profile. The method also calculates values of acceleration, used power, and fuel consumption. The results obtained are consistent with field observations and recommendations of road design manuals. Others factors associated with the traffic compatibility of cargo vehicles with geometric characteristics of a road segment like engine braking capability, emergency braking capability, overwidht requirements, vehicle stability, conductor influence, fuel consumption, and emissions rates are also discussed. The conclusion is that the simulator can be used as a tool for traffic compatibility analysis of cargo vehicles with road sections or to identify road design deficiencies to certify traffic of certain vehicle configurations.