In this essay I examine how identity is created in William S. Burroughs two early novels Junky andQueer. The theoretic starting points are Lacans psychoanlytic concepts ”ideal ego”, ”egoideal” and the ”superego” and also queertheory as presented by Tiina Rosenberg in her book Queerfeministisk agenda. The examination contains an analysis of how Burroughs creates identity in both Junky and Queer with main focus on the second novel. I look at how the desire in the maincharacter Lee is described and what the desire is aimed at. In Junky Lee has a need for drugs and in Queer the desire is aimed at sexual contact with other men. I examine how the desire switches between the novels and how it affects his identity. There is a difference in how Lee sees himself and how the people around him sees him. He sees himself as the masculine homosexual man but the society has antoher view of how homosexual men should act and look like, that is the effiminate man. There is a conflict between Lees ideal ego and the ego-ideal wich has great impact on how his identity is formed. There is a gap between his interpretation of himself and how other sees him wich creates a disintegration in his identity. This essay tries to describe how this disintegration in Lees identity appears and how he handles it. Burroughs is wellknown for his so called ”routines”. These are crazy and imaginative monologues created by the maincharacter Lee. In this essay I present these routines as a way for Lee to take back control of his own identity, he uses them as a way to convince his surroundings that he is the masculine homosexual guy with control not the feminine man that other people sees him as. I also examine how the maincharacter Lee reflects Burroughs as his ideal ego. Ginsbergs have said that Queer is ”Burroughs heart laid bare” and that is a central point throughout my essay.

The objective of this research is to implement multi-modal cost calculations on a freight transportation network, in order to estimate the cost of freight shipments from parts suppliers to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and from OEMs to final consumers involved in the automobile manufacturing industry supply chain. The research will describe gaps in the current freight cost estimation literature, determine the strengths and weaknesses of current practices, and offer possible improvement strategies. The necessary components for this research include: a multi-modal (highway-rail-water-air) network database, the geocoded locations and activity levels of auto industry parts suppliers and OEMs; freight movement cost functions; information on the modes and vehicle/vessel types used for the shipment of certain commodity types; and distance- based travel costs per-mile for these modes. A product of this line of research will be a method that other industries, in other locations, might also use to determine overall freight transportation costs throughout an entire supply chain. The present research effort provides an example using data gathered on the automobile manufacturing industry centered in Georgia and Alabama. The network-based freight costs derived in this research should also be useful in other applications, including the estimation of origin-to-destination flows, as well as in the estimation of transportation costs used in regional and statewide freight planning models.

CSR is a growing area but previous research has mainly focused on CSR in relation to financial results, society and other external factors. We found a gap in research as less research has been conducted on CSR efforts implications internally on organizations. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the practice of CSR in organizations. It does so by investigating what implications CSR efforts have on organizations internally in terms of reporting, roles and routines. Our literature review gave us different expectations in regards to the three main themes. We expected to see more rigorous reporting, the roles to be either narrowed or extended, and consequently, observe routines either as routines-as-activity or routines-as-rules. We conducted a case study based on five in-depth interviews, which were triangulated with 27 speed interviews, a survey answered by 62 respondents and analysis of official documentations. Our analysis concluded that changes had occurred in reporting, roles and routines. However, this study is limited to a structural perspective and thus, we suggest future studies to be conducted in a nonstructural perspective as well.

Titel:               FLYKT FRÅN EN VERKLIGHET TILL EN ANNAN. EN JÄMFÖRELSE AV RUTINER MELLAN FYRA BOENDEN FÖR ENSAMKOMMANDE FLYKTINGBARN    Författare:      Brask, Sandra Ragnarsson, Sofie Handledare:    Drugge, Gunnel   Örebro universitet Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete Socionomprogrammet Socialt arbete 21-40 poäng C-uppsats, 15 poäng Ht 2009         Sammanfattning Under 2008 kom 1510 flyktingbarn och ungdomar till Sverige utan vårdnadshavare. Många kom från Irak och Afghanistan. Syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga och jämföra rutiner i verksamheten vid fyra ungdomsboenden för ensamkommande flyktingbarn. Frågeställning-arna handlar om vilka rutiner som finns kring introduktion, vardag, hälsa, fritidsaktiviteter, skola, socialt nätverk och identitetsutveckling. Utgångspunkt för analysen är Förenta Nation-ernas Konvention om Barnets Rättigheter, Randall Collins teori om interaktionsritualer samt tidigare forskning inom ämnet. Litteraturinhämtningen har skett främst utifrån artikeldata-baser. Resultaten har framtagits genom kvalitativ metod och semistruktureade intervjuer. Intervjumaterialet har behandlats utifrån ett fenomenologiskt betraktelsesätt. Följande har framkommit: I boendenas introduktion är vuxenstöd och tydlig information viktiga bestånds-delar. Vardagsrutinerna består av regler kring bl.a. basala mänskliga behov, hushållsgöromål och kommunikation. Gällande hälsa finns rutiner för hanteringen av fysiska besvär. Det psy-kiska måendet nämns dock huvudsakligen. Det finns rutiner kring individuella och gemen-samma fritidsaktiviteter. Beträffande skolan beskrivs rutiner kring skolstart, läxläsning och skolvägran. Kring ungdomarnas sociala nätverk finns rutiner för kontakt med släkt, vänner och gode män samt utökning av kontaktnätet. För vägledning inför bildandet av en vuxen identitet finns rutiner bl.a. för att motverka droganvändning och våld.     Nyckelord: ensamkommande flyktingbarn, ungdomsboenden, rutiner / Title:               FLIGHT FROM ONE REALITY TO ANOTHER. A COMPARISON OF ROUTINES BETWEEN  FOUR YOUTH HOSTELS FOR UNACCOMPANIED ASYLUMSEEKING CHILDREN.     Authors:         Brask, Sandra                       Ragnarsson, Sofie Supervisor:     Drugge, Gunnel   Örebro university School of law, psychology and social work Social Work Program Social work 21-40 points C-essay, 15 points Autumn term 2009       Abstract In 2008 1510 refugee children and adolescents arrived in Sweden without their guardians. Many of them came from Iraq and Afghanistan. The purpose of this essay is to make a survey and compare the routines of four youth hostels for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. The main issues concern routines in the fields of introduction, everyday life, health, leisure activities, school, social network and development of their identity. The basis of the analysis is The Convention on the rights of the child of The United Nations, Randall Collins theory of interaction rituals and research on the subject. The literature has in most part been collected from databases. The qualitative method and semi-structured interviews are used in the collection of the data. The interview material has been analysed using a phenomenological approach. The main findings are: In the introduction adult support and basic information are important components. The daily routines consist of guidelines about, e.g. basic human needs, household chores and communication. Concerning health there are routines in the field of physical ailments. The mental wellbeing is though more often mentioned. There are routines about individual and group activities. Regarding school routines about starting school, home-work and school refusal are described. In the matter of their social network there are routines for the contact with relatives, friends and legal guardians and extension of the network. To guide them on their way to an adult identity there are routines for e.g. the prevention of drugs and violence.   Keywords: unaccompanied refugee children, adolescents, youth hostels, routines.

Based on Austin and Searle¡¦s speech act theory and Argyris¡¦ organizational learning theory, this study investigates how defensive speech routines impact the level of communication comprehension by information system professionals. Relying on the eye tracker as tool to measure information attention of participating IS professionals, the present researcher has conducted experiments to evaluate how indirect and direct speech acts as well as defensive speech routines influence subjects¡¦ understanding of illucotionary forces embedded in the speeches. The findings suggest that the different speech acts exert significant influence on subjects¡¦ comprehension and information attention, and information attention in turn significantly influences comprehension. The results of this study may help researchers to further investigate the congitive processes involved in IS professionals¡¦ communication and aid practitioners in reducing dysfunctional organizational learning due to defensive speech routines.

Using an evolutionary perspective, this thesis examines the presence of specific genetic features that make spinoff suppliers more advantageous compared to other (non-spinoff) suppliers. The spinoff supplier concept is studied by analyzing the automotive subsidiary of one of the largest industrial and commercial conglomerates in Turkey. The company name is kept confidential. In this study, the idea that managerial processes and routines of the parent firm will pass on to spinoff suppliers (like the transfer of genes from mother to child), and that due to this genetic ability, spinoff suppliers will possess faster organizational learning processes compared to other external suppliers, is adopted. In addition, it is expected that spinoff suppliers&amp / #8217 / founders, who are former employees of the parent firm, will access the parent&amp / #8217 / s resources more easily as a result of their informal relations with the parent company. In this regard, it is considered that spinoff supplier companies will be more advantageous compared to other suppliers which provide products/services to the same parent firm. Transfer of managerial processes and routines, organizational learning, informal relations and social capital are examined using a multiple case study method. Data collected is analyzed qualitatively. The results imply that managerial processes and routines genetically pass on from the parent company to suppliers and that spinoff suppliers perform more effective organizational learning. At the same time, the findings also show that informal relations with the parent company do not provide an advantage in terms of access to its resources. However, as a result of the dependence of non-spinoff suppliers to the parent company in sales, it is found that they might develop the advantages that spinoff supplier companies have.

Surrounding business environment, opportunities and requirements of organizations are under constant change. According to the evolutionary economics, organizations continuously make efforts to adapt themselves in line with changing circumstances of environments where they operate. In exploration of organizational change, organizational routines are recognized as the key analysis units. It is because when a change plan is required, routines undergo design or redesign processes. The construction industry literature is quite limited in terms of explorations regarding to organizational routines evolution. In this study, an attempt has been made to support the arguments, which claim / organizations react to external pressures through modifying their organizational routines. The objective is fulfilled by demonstrating original evidences of adaptation processes of two organizational routines of Turkish construction firms&lsquo / , which were influenced by Turkish construction industry environmental evolution over the past twenty years.Within this context, a questionnaire survey was administered to three Turkish construction professionals, in order to detect industry change drivers and events and their impact of organizational performance features. Business development and claim management routines were identified by industry survey respondents, as the two mostly changed routines over the past twenty years. Conducting further interviews with two Turkish Construction firms, the organizational evolutionary processes of these two routines, which were born as the reflection to the detected main industry change events, are mapped and investigated. Research findings detected the principle change drivers of Turkish construction industry over the past twenty years as

<p>This report is all about quality improvement work with focusing on nonconformities routines. The purpose is to improve the process of nonconformity routines and to identify the most important issues and causes behind nonconformity routines in order to have good quality of the products and satisfied customer to achieve continuous improvement. This project is conducted at a case study at the case company GMV Sweden AB producing lifts and their components. The problem in the case company is how the case company is handling nonconformity routines which consist currently of two streams one for problems in production which leads to internal nonconformities and another is handling customer complaints. The author visits the case company to collect essential information for this work and performs face-to-face user interviews, Q&A via email. The knowledge gained on different quality tools in author's education on Terotechnology department forms the basis of this research. The author plans to solve the problem by analyzing, mapping the existing processes and using different quality tools. The author analysis is based on theoretical and empirical facts, also different quality tools like process mapping, cause effect diagram, flowchart has been used to identify the problem and relevant suggestions have been proposed to improve their current situation. In the results and conclusions the author has explain the various improvement techniques and suggestions to handle internal nonconformities and customer complaints. The author believes by implementing the suggested improved model company can address their quality issues, which will improve the productivity to a greater extent and enable them to achieve their goal of continuous improvement.</p>

Studiens syfte är att förstå hur några skolprojekt har arbetat för att främja skolnärvaro för elever inom autismspektrumtillstånd. Som metod användes kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta informanter i fem kommuner som på något sätt arbetar med skolprojekt med fokus på inkludering och skolfrånvaro. Informanterna som deltog i studien var tre specialpedagoger, en speciallärare, två rektorer, en kurator och en rådgivare från specialpedagogiska skolmyndigheten. De fem skolprojekten som informanterna arbetade med, omfattade 137 skolor i Sverige. Ett projekt var inriktat mot det förebyggande arbetet att skapa en tillgänglig skola för elever inom autismspektrumtillstånd. Fyra projekt utgick både från förebyggande insatser och att få tillbaka elever med hög skolfrånvaro till skolan. Resultatet visade på att det behövs mer kunskap om autism för att skapa en skola som är tillgänglig för elever inom autismspektrumtillstånd. Det behövs kartläggning av elevens behov, anpassad lärmiljö och social träning. Stort fokus behöver läggas på skapandet av relation och bemötande av elev och problematik. Projekten har upprättat handlingsplaner för att uppmärksamma skolfrånvaro i ett tidigt skede. På så vis kan orsak till frånvaro snabbare utredas och åtgärdas vilket besparar eleven mycket lidande. Det som genomsyrar arbetet är hur kunskap och samverkan mellan olika samverkanspartner kan främja skolnärvaro. / The study aims to understand how some school project has worked to promote school attendance for students with autism spectrum disorders. The applied method for this study is qualitative interviews and eight people have been interviewed from five different municipalities, all involved in school projects focusing on inclusion and absenteeism. Three of the informants that participated in the study were special pedagogues, one was a specialneeds teacher, two were principals, one was a counselor, and one was an adviser at Specialpedagogiska skolmyndigheten (The Authority of Special Needs Education). The five projects that the informants were involved in covered 137 schools in Sweden. One of the projects was focused on preventive measures to create a school accessible for students with autism related difficulties. Four projects aimed to both prevent students from being absent from school and for absentees to return to school. The results shows that schools need more knowledge about autism related difficulties in order to create a school that is accessible for these students. First, schools need better routines for assessing students’ needs, second the learning environment in the classroom must be adapted more efficiently for students with autism related difficulties and their needs, and last the students must be given the chance to work on their social skills. The focus must be on building relationships to the students. This in order to meet the students’ needs so that measures taken will be beneficial for the students.The schools in the study have written routines in order to detect absenteeism at an early stamge. These routines aim to identify the reason for absenteeism early on and quickly find measures to support the student and spare them a lot of suffering. Success factors in this work is how knowledge and collaboration between different interaction partners can promote school attendance.

Referring to an employee as “the face” of an organization suggests that an individual worker’s actions may transmit information about the kind of organization they represent. Mascots in a baseball stadium make that metaphor material by wearing an organizationally prescribed mask and performing in the name of the organization (Keller & Richey, 2006; MacNeill, 2009). This study investigated how one baseball mascot, Spike of the Round Rock Express, embodied his team’s identity through the activation of organizational routines by analyzing video recordings, autoethnographic field notes, and stories (Heath & Luff, 2013). Recognizing the highly symbolic work of a mascot work has implications for the performer, audience members, and organizations who rely on mascots to enhance the stadium experience. Additionally, this research provides suggestions for future mascot performers on how they might come to “know your role and play it to the hilt” (Devantier & Turkington, 2006). Organizational routines combine three recursive dimensions: the ostensive, understandings an employee brings to his or her work, the performative, actions an employee takes while doing his or her work, and the artifactual, material objects an employee uses or creates in order to facilitate work tasks (Feldman & Pentland, 2003). This research begins with an exploration of how I developed occupational and organizational role expectations. In order to know my role, I had to learn Spike’s identity: what he must do, may do, and can do (Strauss, 1959; Enfield, 2011). I specifically recognize the ways I came to understand my role as someone who embodies the mission of the organization through the preparation of artifacts for performance and protection of the audience for whom I am performing. The performative dimension is explored by identifying instances when my performance challenged established understandings of Spike’s identity, specifically in instances where I was unprepared for a scenario or chose to protect one group’s interest over another’s. In these unanticipated moments, I often found myself turning other participants in the stadium event, like fans and coworkers, into co-performers and relied on their improvisational offerings to inform my ongoing performance (Eisenberg, 1990; Meyer, Frost, & Weick, 1998). / text