Esta tese tem como foco o binômio aprendizagem matemática e produção textual, advindo da incursão acadêmica e profissional do autor no tema e da constatação que boa parte das pesquisas existentes estarem voltadas mais para os processos envolvidos na leitura e resolução de problemas. Busca compreender como a produção textual integrada a rotinas das aulas de matemática pode melhor ajudar os alunos a performarem rotinas do discurso matemático escolar. Está ancorada nas teorizações de Sfard, cuja ideia central está em considerar a aprendizagem matemática pelo aluno como atividade de um discurso, e de Marcuschi, que considera, grosso modo, o texto como uma realização sociodiscursiva por meio de gêneros de texto. Trata-se de um estudo de caso envolvendo alunos de uma escola pública do município de Marabá/PA que em 2013 cursavam o oitavo ou o nono ano do ensino fundamental, mas que estavam de Dependência nas disciplinas de língua portuguesa e/ou matemática. A pesquisa de campo consistiu na realização de atividades de ensino ao longo de trinta e dois encontros, com duração aproximada de noventa e seis horas, no primeiro semestre. As filmagens e portfólio escrito produzidos nesse âmbito constituem os fatos da pesquisa, analisados sob os pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa. Tais atividades tinham por base a escrita e reescrita de gêneros textuais do discurso matemático escolar, orientadas pelo modelo de sequência didática proposta por Dolz e colaboradores, permeadas pela exploração de objetos matemáticos. Constata-se que o trabalho de escrita e reescrita de narrativas de construção é uma importante metodologia para levar à produção de narrativas consistentes e com as características do discurso matemático escolar, pois a refacção de textos nas performances de ação pode levar o aluno a deslocar sua atenção também para a narrativa e não somente para as condições de aplicabilidade, possibilitando aos objetos primários produzidos tornarem-se objetos discursivos. / This thesis focuses on the binomial learning math and textual production, arising from the academic and professional foray into the theme of the author and the observation that most of the researches are focused more on the processes involved in reading and problem solving. It seeks to understand how the integrated textual production routines of math classes can better help students to perform routines of school mathematical speech. Is anchored in the theories of Sfard, whose central idea is to consider the student\'s mathematical learning as a speech activity, and Marcuschi, considering roughly the text as a social and discursive realization through genres of text. This is a study case involving students in a public school in the city of Marabá / PA in 2013 that were attending the eighth or ninth year of elementary school, but they were dependent in the disciplines of English language and / or mathematics. The fieldwork consisted of teaching activities over thirty-two meetings, lasting about ninety-six hours the first semester. The footage and portfolio writing produced in this context are the facts of the research, analyzed under the assumptions of qualitative research. These activities were based on the writing and rewriting of textual genres of school mathematical speech, guided by the following didactic model proposed by Schenewly and collaborators, permeated by the exploration of mathematical objects. It appears that the work of writing and rewriting narratives of construction is an important methodology to lead to production of narratives and consistent with the characteristics of school mathematical speech because redoing texts in the performances of action can lead the student to move their attention also to the narrative and not only for the conditions of applicability, allowing the primary objects produced to become discursive objects.

Tanto as inovações como o conhecimento desempenham um papel fundamental no atual cenário econômico e organizacional. Por outro lado, incertezas e turbulências, que podem estar associadas a processos e mudanças nestes cenários, emitem sinais, o que, no âmbito organizacional, denota a necessidade de monitoramento do ambiente competitivo. Os sinais, ainda que fracos e uma vez identificados representam estímulos externos que, associados ao conhecimento fomentam a inovação e, desta forma, podem ser considerados como um dos antecedentes da inovação. Segundo Arboniés (2009), os sinais fracos permitem a criação individual a partir da associação de diferentes sinais entre si e ao conhecimento tácito detido por um grupo de indivíduos. Esse processo denominado de rotinas criativas amplia o campo de alternativas e pode antecipar ameaças e oportunidades, a partir da interpretação criativa de sinais fracos e da concepção de rotinas para o seu processamento. Assim, este trabalho se propôs a estudar o conhecimento como um antecedente da inovação e como resultante do monitoramento externo. O foco estava no papel dos sinais fracos, em seu processamento por meio de rotinas criativas e em sua influência no desempenho em inovação. O objetivo foi então o de analisar as práticas de rotinas criativas para o processamento de sinais fracos e o desempenho em inovação. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o descritivo exploratório, com um estudo de caso realizado nas empresas do Grupo Alfa. Os resultados indicaram que as empresas que possuem rotinas criativas apresentam desempenho superior em inovação. / As innovations as knowledge show a main role in the organizational economic scenery nowadays. Furthermore uncertainties and turbulence may be associated with changes in these processes and sceneries, emitting signals and within the organizational context indicate the need of monitoring the competitive environment. These signals still so weak and once a time identified represent the external stimuli which associated to the knowhow can feed, and this way are considered like a background of the innovation. According Arboniés (2009), weak signal allow an individual creation from the association in different signals among theirselves and a tacit knowledge held by a group of individuals. This process called creative routines broadens the alternatives and can anticipate threats and opportunities, from the creative interpretation of weak signals and designing routines for processing. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the knowledge as a background of innovation and as a result of external monitoring. The focus was on the role of weak signals in their processing through creative routines and their influence on innovation performance. Then the goal was to analyse the practice of creative routines for a processing of weak signs and performance in innovation. The method used was the descriptive and exploratory with a case study from Alpha Group Companies. The outcomes indicate that the enterprises that have creative routines also show a superior performance in innovation.

nÃo hà / O presente estudo à uma investigaÃÃo sobre a formaÃÃo em serviÃo dos professores alfabetizadores. Teve como objetivo verificar a contribuiÃÃo da formaÃÃo em serviÃo, centrada na implantaÃÃo de rotinas pedagÃgicas, para melhoria dos resultados da aprendizagem dos alunos do 2 ano do Ensino Fundamental. Està embasada nas obras de Vygotsky, nos estudos sobre alfabetizaÃÃo e letramento, desenvolvidos por Magda Soares, e na perspectiva dos saberes docentes de Gauthier, Tardif e Lessard. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, sendo um estudo de caso mÃltiplo, realizado com quatro professores de municÃpios da RegiÃo Norte do Estado do Cearà que participaram da formaÃÃo em serviÃo promovida pelo PAIC e, no ano de 2008, apresentaram aumento nos resultados do SPAECE-ALFA. Os dados foram coletados atravÃs de anÃlise documental, entrevista semiestruturada e observaÃÃo de sala de aula, utilizando-se do Roteiro de observaÃÃo, do Quadro de observaÃÃo diÃria de sala de aula e da Escala de observaÃÃo de prÃticas pedagÃgicas diferenciadas. A partir da anÃlise e comparaÃÃo dos dados coletados chegou-se a alguns resultados. Embora nÃo se possa afirmar que os professores tenham mudado radicalmente suas prÃticas pode-se considerar que a formaÃÃo trouxe contribuiÃÃes para a atuaÃÃo dos professores em sala de aula. A utilizaÃÃo de material didÃtico adequado e diversificado e a implantaÃÃo das rotinas provocaram modificaÃÃes importantes na aÃÃo das professoras, que culminaram na qualificaÃÃo do tempo pedagÃgico. Percebeu-se, tambÃm, que as professoras buscaram atender à diversidade da sala de aula e fizeram adaptaÃÃes nas rotinas para adequÃ-las ao nÃvel de seus alunos e as suas necessidades, utilizando-se de metodologias variadas, nem sempre orientadas pela formaÃÃo. Considerou-se que a formaÃÃo ajudou a nortear o trabalho do professor, entretanto, ao invÃs da orientaÃÃo para organizaÃÃo de rotinas que atendam a especificidade de cada sala de aula, estas foram repassadas aos professores como âprodutos acabadosâ, nem sempre adequados à realidade das professoras. Observou-se que a relaÃÃo teoria e prÃtica, proposta pela formaÃÃo, aconteceu de forma inadequada e a prÃtica pedagÃgica foi trabalhada como treinamento, negligenciando-se a reflexÃo acerca do que o professor jà desenvolve. A formaÃÃo provocou mudanÃas, mas essas parecem frÃgeis, com resultados imediatos, mudanÃas nas aÃÃes e nÃo, necessariamente, mudanÃas nas concepÃÃes sobre alfabetizaÃÃo. / The actual study is an investigation about the in-service teacher education of the literacy teachers. Its objective is to verify the contribution of in-service teacher education, centered in the implantation of pedagogical routines, to improve the learning results of the second grade students of the elementary school. It is based in Vygotskyâs compositon, in studies about literacy, developed by Magda Soares, and in the prespective of Gauthierâs, Tardifâs and Lessardâs teacher knowledge. It is a qualitative research, being a multiple study case, performed with four teachers from countries of the North Region of Cearà State who took part of the in-service teacher education promoted by PAIC and, in 2008, showed an increase in the SPAECE-ALFA results. The data were gathered through documental analysis, semi structured interview and classroom observation, using the observation Guide, the daily observation Set and the differentiated pedagogical practices Scale. From the analysis and the comparison of the gathered data, some results were reached. Although it can be affirmed that teacher have changed radically their practices, it can be considered that the teacher education has brought contributions to teachersâ classroom acting. The utilization of appropriate courseware and the implantation of new routines caused important modifications in teachers acting, which culminated in the qualification of pedagogic time. It was noticed, too, that teachers sought to attend the classroom diversity and made adaptations in the routines and suit them to their studentsâ level and necessities, using varied methodologies, not always oriented by the teacher education. It was considered that the teacher education helped guiding teacherâs work, however, instead of the orientation to organization of routines that attend the specificity of each classroom, these were passed to teachers as âfinished productsâ, not always appropriate to teachersâ reality. It was observed that the relation theory and practice, proposed by the teacher education, happened inappropriately end the pedagogical practice was worked as training, neglecting the reflection about what the teacher already develops. The teacher education caused changes, but these seem fragile, with immediate results, changes in actions, not necessarily changes in the conceptions about literacy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Cruz Moreira Pascuti.pdf: 1765224 bytes, checksum: 30d9d3478e76ed2ba0947e7018707c59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-07 / This research is an investigation of the factor that complements the adjustment in the integral transfer of organizational routines, which incorporate tacit knowledge in the replication of a series of activities related to the implementation a service office within the customer physical environment. Literature related to the subject refers to organizational routines, knowledgement and knowledge transfer. These theoretical concepts are specified in this project and allows the elaboration of a script aiming the accomplishment of a qualitative study. The script was based on the model from Szulanski (1996), in which the author analyses the internal barriers to knowledge transfer within a company, pointing three relevant factors: capacity of absorption from the receptor, casual ambiguity and the arduous relationship between the source and the receptor of the knowledge. The relevance of the subject is that the results of this research could serve as support to the managers that search for replica of their organizational structures in other physical environment, as well as a register of how organizational routines can represent successful solutions to specific problems, because they could transfer tacit knowledge components that formal systems would not be able to capture.The selected context to this study was the branch of a Swedish company, a metal cutting tool manufacturer, Sandvik do Brasil, installed in the physical environment of its customer A , a German manufacturer, from the automotive sector based on Santo André, São Paulo. The data were collected through interview, semi structured, and comments from participants, since the unity under analysis is the Sandvik do Brasil structure installed within the A industry. / A problemática desta pesquisa envolve a investigação do fator que complementa a adequação da transferência integral de rotinas organizacionais que embutem uma parcela de conhecimento tácito na replicação de um conjunto de atividades, relacionadas com a implantação de um escritório de serviços no espaço físico do cliente. A literatura pertinente ao tema estudado refere-se a rotinas organizacionais, conhecimento e transferência de conhecimentos. Esses conceitos teóricos são especificados neste projeto e permitem a elaboração de um roteiro visando à realização de um estudo de caráter qualitativo. O roteiro teve como base o modelo proposto por Szulanski (1996), no qual o autor analisa as barreiras internas de transferência de conhecimento dentro da firma, pontuando três fatores relevantes: capacidade de absorção do receptor, ambiguidade causal e árdua relação entre a fonte e o receptor do conhecimento. A importância do tema reside no fato de que os resultados da pesquisa servirão de apoio aos gestores que procuram criar réplicas de suas estruturas organizacionais em outros ambientes físicos, assim como registrar com qual intensidade as rotinas organizacionais podem representar soluções de sucesso para problemas particulares, tendo em vista que podem transferir componentes tácitos de conhecimento que sistemas formais, por sua vez, não conseguiriam capturar. O contexto selecionado para estudo foi a filial da empresa sueca fabricante de ferramentas de corte para usinagem, Sandvik do Brasil, instalada no espaço físico do cliente A , indústria alemã fabricante do setor automobilístico, localizada em Santo André, São Paulo. Os dados foram levantados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações-participantes, levando em conta a unidade de análise, estrutura da Sandvik do Brasil instalada na indústria A .

The budget is widely criticised for consuming time and resources without adding sufficientvalue, however, it is undeniably one of the most important tools for planning andcoordination. This case study examines a company that has abandoned the budget andreplaced it with new planning and forecasting processes to achieve a dynamic process with aforward-looking mentality and less focus on details. The objective of the study is toinvestigate the experiences of the new processes and how the ways of working have beenaffected from a management accounting change perspective, with a focus from thecontroller’s perspective. The changed planning processes are conceptualised as a part of theorganisation’s rules and routines.The findings showed that the purpose of the new processes was unclear in some respects,and although the new rules were accepted, many old routines had not yet changed.Perceived lack of system support combined with a conviction that certain aspects of the oldprocesses were essential to perform qualitative work, are two explanatory factors. The levelof detail had decreased in many aspects, but time has not yet been freed up for thecontrollers in favour of value-adding activities.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en sjukdom som ständigt ökar världen över. För att kunna leva ett bra liv trots sjukdomen är egenvård en grundläggande faktor. Syfte: Att beskriva personers erfarenheter av egenvård vid diabetes typ 1. Metod: En litteraturöversikt gjordes baserat på tio kvalitativa artiklar som analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Egenvård vid diabetes typ 1 är en utmaning i vardagen då det krävs ständig kontroll och fasta rutiner för att hantera sjukdomen. Att känna sig utanför samt utomståendes kunskapsbrist påverkar egenvården negativt. För att ha en god egenvård är socialt stöd från familj, vänner och vårdpersonal en viktig faktor. Slutsats: Rutiner, socialt stöd samt förståelse från utomstående är viktigt för att personer med diabetes typ 1 ska kunna sköta sina egenvårdsåtgärder som dagligen behöver göras för att hålla sjukdomen under kontroll. Bristande egenvård beror ofta på saknad av acceptans för sin sjukdom, bristfälliga rutiner på arbetet samt önskan om att känna sig normal. Vårdpersonalen har ett stort ansvar till att informera och stötta personer till god personcentrerad egenvård. / Background: Diabetes type 1 is a disease that constantly increases all over the world. In order to live a good life despite the disease, self-care is a fundamental factor. Aim: To describe peoples experiences of self-care while living with diabetes type 1. Method: A literature overview was made based on ten qualitative articles that were analyzed using Friberg’s five-step model.  Result: Self-care in diabetes type 1 is a challenge in the everyday life because of the constant control and the set routines needed to manage the disease. Feeling outside and people's lack of knowledge affect the self-care negatively. To be able to have a good self-care, social support from friends, family and health care workers is an important factor. Conclusion: In order for people with diabetes type 1 to adequately maintain their daily self-care and to keep the illness at bay, it is important that they have routines, social support and understanding from the people that they interact with regularly. Inadequate self-care is often caused by a lack of acceptance for the illness, insufficient routines and the desire to feel normal. Healthcare providers have a great responsibility to inform and support people for good self-care.

Infectious diseases among preeschool children are in 70–80% of the cases caused by virus. The most common illnesses the children suffer are otitis, respiratory tract infections (common colds) and gastroenteritis. To reduce the risk of infectivity it’s recommended to wash hands regularly and to use gloves and disposable sheets during diaper change. To be able to ensure environmental qualities and health qualities in the preeshool, the hygiene routines for handwashing and diaper change, among others, must be documented in writing. Research show that if the teachers gets educated in infectivity and infection prevention, their attitudes and the implementation of the hygiene routines can be improved. In my study I wanted to show what the routines for handwashing, diaper change and the acceptance of ill childen look like. I also wanted to look into what knowledge the teachers confides in, when it comes to infection prevention, and also what perceptions there are about working with infection prevention in these preeshools. To answer my questions surveys have been sent out to all preeschools in the municipality and one preeschool director has been interviewd. The results show the lack off documented hygiene routines in 10% of the participants workplaces, which makes it hard to assure the health qualities in these preeshools. In a few other preeschools it turns out that all of the teachers lack eduaction in infectivity and infection prevention. My results implies that education in infectivity and infection prevention as well as documented hygiene routines, may affect if infection prevention routines are discussed at the workplace or not. Further studies in this subject are recommended before any conclusions can be made about this. / Infektionssjukdomar hos förskolebarn är i 70–80 procent av fallen orsakade av virus. De sjukdomar som barnen i största utsträckning drabbas av är öroninflammationer, luftvägsinfektioner (förkylningar) och mag- och tarmåkommor. För att minska risken för smittspridning rekommenderas regelbunden handtvätt och användning av handskar och engångsunderlägg vid blöjbyte. För att kunna säkerställa miljö- och hälsokvaliteten, i förskolan, måste det finnas skriftligt dokumenterade rutiner på bland annat handtvätt och blöjbyte. Forskning visar att om pedagogerna fått utbildning inom smittspridning och smittskydd, kan attityden och genomförandet av hygienrutinen förbättras. I min undersökning ville jag synliggöra hur rutinerna kring handtvätt, blöjbyte och mottagandet av sjuka barn ser ut. Jag ville också undersöka vilken kunskap pedagogerna förlitar sig på rörande smittskydd, samt vilka attityder som finns om smittskyddsarbetet i verksamheten. För att få svar på mina frågor har enkäter skickats ut till samtliga avdelningar i kommunen och en förskolechef har intervjuats. Resultaten visar att det saknas skriftliga hygienrutiner hos 10% av deltagarna vilket leder till att det blir svårt att säkerställa hälsokvaliteten i dessa verksamheter. I ett fåtal andra verksamheter visar det sig att samtliga pedagoger saknar utbildning inom smittspridning och smittskydd. Mina resultat antyder att utbildning inom smittspridning och smittskydd liksom dokumenterade hygienrutiner, kan påverka ifall smittskyddsrutiner diskuteras i arbetslagen eller inte. Vidare forskning inom ämnet rekommenderas innan några slutsatser kan dras om detta.

Denna rapport beskriver arbetet med ett projekt som haft målet att skapa rutiner för Philips Sonicares Facebooksida, för att öka engagemanget hos deras följare. Två fokusgrupper har utförts och med hjälp av dessa och tidigare forskning skapades uppdateringsrutiner för Facebooksidan, dessa följdes sedan i tre veckor. Efter tre veckor sammanställdes resultatet för att se vilka rutiner som fungerat och vilka som kunde uppdateras ytterligare. Resultatet visade att inlägg med underhållande innehåll fick mer engagemang från följarna, inlägg med information hade större räckvidd. Bilder ökade engagemanget, de tidpunkter som var bäst att publicera var mitt på dagen eller tidigt på kvällen. / This report describes the process of a project with the sole purpose to create routines that will increase the user engagement for Philips Sonicares Facebook page. Two focus groups were held, with the help of those and previous research, routines could be created for the Facebook page and those were used for three weeks. After this period, the results were compiled to see which routines had worked, and which needed to be updated. The results showed that posts with entertaining content got more engagement from the followers and posts with information got bigger reach. Also, pictures increased engagement, and the best times to publish posts were midday or early evening.

People are used to working routines that are taught and transferred from one to another, routines such as how to interact with an information system and how to use it in a specific context. While user experience and usability have been two issues of interest within the field of HCI, there is a lack of research exploring usage and behavior while interacting with complex error-sensitive systems, in so much as an action that couldn’t be undone once performed. This thesis explores the error-sensitive aspects of complexity within interactions of the administering of medical prescription activities at an intensive healthcare unit. The aim is to investigate the interactions of computer-supported cooperative work environments used for information transformation activities for medical prescriptions. The results reveal a number of HCI-related issues in which clinicians socially bypass system interactions by making incomplete data inputs while assuming a given level of understanding of other employees.

BAKGRUND: Meticillinresistenta Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) är ett växande problem globalt. I Sverige är cirka 30 procent av befolkningen ovetandes bärare av MRSA. Bakterien kan ställa till problem när de kommer till antibiotikabehandling eftersom bakterien är resistent. Sjuksköterskor kan uppleva MRSA som skrämmande vilket leder till att patienten upplever stigmatisering. SYFTE: Syftet med studien varatt beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av att vårda patienter med MRSA. METOD: En kvalitativ intervjustudie har genomförts. Datainsamlingen har bestått av semistrukturerade intervjuer och materialet från intervjuerna har analyserats med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. RESULTAT: Resultatet visar god kunskap om hur basala hygienrutiner används och hur stress påverkar sjuksköterskans arbete. Det framkommer även kunskap om hur de ska bemöta patienter med MRSA för att minska stigmatisering. SLUTSATS: Erfarenheten av att vårda patienter med MRSA var individuellt hos sjuksköterskorna som deltog. En oro som fanns hos alla informanter var att de skulle bidra till smittspridning. Informanterna beskrev även att patientens upplevelse är viktig. FÖRSLAG PÅ FORTSATT FORSKNING: Studien har utförts på en kirurgisk vårdavdelning. Det skulle därför vara intressant att göra en studie på andra vårdavdelningar för att jämföra sjuksköterskornas erfarenhet. / BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a growing global problem. In Sweden, about 30 percent of the population are unaware that they are carriers of MRSA. The bacteria can cause problems when it comes to treatment via antibiotics due to the fact the bacterium is resistant. Nurses may experience MRSA as frightening which can lead to patients feeling stigmatized. AIM: The purpose of this study was to describe the nurse's experience of caring for patients with MRSA. METHOD: A qualitative interview study was conducted, with data collection consisting of semi-structured interviews. The material from the interviews has been analysed with a qualitative content analysis. RESULT: The result shows good knowledge of basic hygiene routines and how stress affect nurses work. They also show good knowledge about how to receive and care for patients with MRSA to reduce stigmatization. CONCLUSION: All participating nurses had individual experiences when it came to caring for patients with MRSA. A concern that existed in all informants was that they would be contributing to the spread of infection. The informants also describe that the patient's experience is important. PROPOSAL FOR CONTINUED RESEARCH:The study has been performed at a surgical care department. It would therefore be interesting for a study to be conducted in another care department to compare experience of the nurses.