[pt] O cenário do Brasil hoje está permeado por escândalos de corrupção, lavagem de dinheiro, formação de quadrilha, dentre outros crimes que envolvem grandes empresas e o poder público. Nesse sentindo, as rotinas de controle interno, bem como os procedimentos que envolvem um sistema de Controles Internos, surgem como instrumentos fundamentais para lidar com esse cenário. Utilizando o conceito de accountability fornecido por Pinho e Sacramento (2008) e sob o olhar das rotinas organizacionais e as peculiaridades do controle interno, o presente estudo pretendeu investigar a forma como os profissionais entendem a accountability nas rotinas de controles internos. A partir de uma abordagem fenomenográfica foram entrevistados 20 profissionais nomeados de agentes de Controles Internos em uma seguradora, localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 09/08/2017 a 09/10/2017. As análises retornaram três concepções: a primeira relaciona-se ao respeito aos artefatos, a segunda envolve qualificar as rotinas e a terceira diz respeito a proteger a organização. Ademais, as dimensões explicativas das concepções foram identificadas de acordo com seguintes categorias: deferência à transparência; intensidade da interação dos aspectos; o senso de responsabilidade e o respeito ao controle. Os achados sugerem que há uma construção de concepções que evolui do instrumental à percepção de valor. Além disso, as evidências indicam que os profissionais possuem uma percepção significativa de responsabilidade nas rotinas de controles internos e, por fim, traz à luz a relação entre a melhoria dos processos e a intensidade da interação entre os aspectos ostensivo e performativo da rotina organizacional. / [en] Brazil s today scenario is full of corruption scandals, money laundering, racketeering, among other crimes involving large corporations and public power. Bearing this in mind, the internal control routines, as well as the procedures that involve an Internal Control system, appear as fundamental tools to deal with this scenario. Using Pinho and Sacramento s concept of accountability (2008) and under the watch of organizational routines and peculiarities of internal control, the present study was aimed to investigate how professionals understand accountability in internal control routines. From a phenomenological approach 20 professionals were interviewed, all of them working in Internal Control department of an insurance company located in Rio de Janeiro City, from 09/08/2017 to 09/10/2017. The analyzes returned three concepts: the first is related to the respect with the artifacts, the second involves qualifying routines, and the third concerns to the organization protection. In addition, the explanatory dimensions of the concepts were identified according to the following categories: deference to transparency; intensity of interaction aspects; the sense of responsibility and respect for control. The findings suggest that there is a construction of concepts that evolves from instrumental to perception of value. In addition, the evidence indicates that professionals have a significant perception of responsibility in the routines of internal controls. And finally, brings to light the relationship between process improvement and the interaction intensity between the ostensible and performative aspects of organizational routines.

According to science, food allergy is a growing health problem. In home- and consumer studies (HCS), food and meals are central parts. According to the Education Act, teachers must be given professional development to create a safe environment for students.   The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers in home economics and consumer studies experienced the conditions for teaching students with food allergies. The focus was on the classroom, routines, allocated budget, and professional development.   Qualitative method was used. Nine qualified home economics teachers were interviewed based on a semi-structured question guide. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with a qualitative content analysis.   The results showed that the classroom and the economic conditions limited the teaching. The teachers felt confident in their current knowledge but were positive about continuing education. Routine improvements regarding information management and action plan are desired.     The study showed that the classroom was important for the teaching and that the few students with food allergies did not affect the budget in general. Routines around these students should be reconsidered. Basic education needs to be strengthened and teachers need to be given the opportunity for further training.

Background: Occlusal appliances for treatment of different temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have shown to have good effect. Patients treated with an occlusal appliance should return for follow-ups and they have a right for free follow-ups within 3 months. Despite this, there are patients that are not receiving their follow-ups. Aim: To evaluate follow-up routines after treatment with an occlusal appliance in public dental practice in Västerbotten, Sweden. To evaluate the most common indications for treatment with an occlusal appliance. To evaluate if the dentists register the outcome of the treatment with their occlusal appliance or not.  Methods: Onehundred randomly selected dental records were analysed from patients treated with an occlusal appliance during 2019 in public dental practice in Västerbotten county. The analysis was conducted using a Microsoft Excel document that had prior to analysis been created. The results were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics and Microsoft Excel. Results: Forty-eight of the 97 accessible patients had a scheduled follow-up. Out of these, 38 received their follow-ups. Seventy-three patients had bruxism as an indication for treatment, 40 had myalgia, 33 had tooth wear and 33 had replacement of an old appliance. Sixty-four out of 97 patients had no information about evaluation of treatment, 17 had improved symptoms.  Conclusions: The study showed an approximately 50% rate of scheduled follow-ups of occlusal appliances and the most common indication for that treatment was bruxism. The dentists did not evaluate the treatment outcome of patients’ symptoms. It is recommended to adhere to the decision-making model.

No description available.

No description available.

Syfte: Studiens syfte var att studera munhygien- och kostvanor hos individer som arbetar natt inom vården. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med pappersenkäter som datainsamlingsverktyg genomfördes. Urvalet var nattarbetare inom vård- och omsorgssektorn på sju arbetsplatser i södra Sverige. Analys av materialet genomfördes i form av deskriptiv statistik som redovisas i text och tabeller. Resultat: Totalt deltog 73 nattarbetare. Studien visade att majoriteten borstade tänderna två gånger om dagen i två minuter med fluoridtandkräm. Cirka hälften av deltagarna (n=36, 49,3%) använde sig av extra fluoridtillskott, och 69,9% (n=51) utförde regelbundet approximal rengöring. Gällande kostvanorna visade resultatet en hög konsumtion av småätande mellan måltider och intag av sötade drycker. Dessutom missade en majoritet dagligen frukost, middag eller lunch. Slutsats: Studien visar att nattarbetare har goda munhygienvanor, men missar huvudmåltider vilket ger upphov till frekvent småätande som kan vara en risk för den orala hälsan. Det visar också behovet av ytterligare forskning för att förstå de underliggande faktorerna bakom nattarbetares hälsobeteenden. / Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine oral hygiene and dietary habits among individuals working night shifts in healthcare. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study utilizing paper surveys as data collection instrument was conducted. The sample consisted of night-shift workers in the healthcare and social care sector at seven workplaces in southern Sweden. The material was analyzed using descriptive statistics, presented in text and tables. Results: A total of 73 night shift workers participated. The study showed that the majority brushed their teeth twice a day for two minutes using fluoride toothpaste. Approximately half of the participants (n=36, 49,3%) used additional fluoride supplements, and 69,9% (n=51) performed regular interdental cleaning. Regarding the dietary habits the results showed a high consumption of snacks between meals and intake of sweet beverages. Additionally, a majority missed breakfast, dinner or lunch daily. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that night-shift workers have good oral hygiene habits but tend to miss main meals, leading to frequent snacking, which may pose a risk to their oral health. It also highlights the need for further research to understand the underlying factors behind the health behaviors of night-shift workers.

Bakgrund: Basala hygienrutinerna innefattar god handhygien, bruk av handskar samt plastförkläde eller skyddsrock i vårdarbetet. Genom att strikt följa hygienrutinerna minskas spridningen av vårdrelaterade infektioner som hör till de vanligaste vårdskadorna och orsakar ett stort lidande för de drabbade patienterna. Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen har skyldighet att utföra arbetet och bidra till att en hög patientsäkerhet upprätthålls. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans uppfattningar av faktorer som påverkar följsamheten av basala hygienrutiner. Metod: En litteraturstudie där 10 resultatartiklar användes som hade både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats, analyserades med en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Följsamheten av basala hygienrutinerna var bristande och påverkades av olika faktorer. Resultatet delades in i tre kategorier: påverkan av sjuksköterskans syn på basala hygienrutinerna, påverkan av kunskapsnivån och påverkan av organisationens brister. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskorna uppfattade att det fanns olika faktorer som påverkade efterlevnaden av basala hygienrutinerna. Det finns behov av mer kvalitativ forskning för att sjuksköterskorna ska kunna ges möjlighet att dela med sig av sina erfarenheter. / Background: Basic hygiene routines include good hand hygiene, the use of gloves, and a plastic apron or protective coat in care work. By strictly following the basic hygiene routines, the spread of healthcare-related infections, which are among the most common healthcare injuries and cause great suffering for the affected patients, is reduced. The healthcare staff have an obligation to carry out the work and contribute to maintaining a high level of patient safety. Aim: The aim was to describe the nurse's perceptions of factors that influence adherence to basic hygiene routines. Method: A literature study in which 10 results articles were used that had both a quantitative and a qualitative approach was analyzed with a content analysis. Results: Adherence to basic hygiene routines was lacking and influenced by various factors. The result was divided into three categories: the influence of the nurse's view of the basic hygiene routines, the influence of the level of knowledge and the influence of the organization's shortcomings. Conclusion: The nurses perceived that there were various factors that affected compliance with basic hygiene routines. There is a need for more qualitative research so that the nurses can be given the opportunity to share their experiences.

Introdução: o ciclo de sono-vigília é o comportamento rítmico circadiano mais onipresente nos humanos. Ele é estabelecido por um sistema temporizador circadiano endógeno que é regulado pela presença ou ausência de luz no ambiente. O comportamento em relação a dormir e acordar varia entre os indivíduos e essa característica nomeia-se cronotipo. Efeitos negativos à saúde têm sido associados ao cronotipo que apresenta horários para iniciar e terminar o sono mais tarde. A hipótese considerada para explicar esses achados é de que demandas sociais, que não levam em conta essa variabilidade individual, sejam mediadoras dessa relação. Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre cronotipo e saúde mental (bem-estar psicológico e sintomas depressivos) levando-se em conta fatores demográficos (sexo e idade) e as rotinas de escola ou trabalho. Materiais e métodos: estudos transversais aninhados a um estudo epidemiológico em uma amostra de indivíduos do Vale do Taquari, no sul do Brasil. Na primeira avaliação, 6.506 participantes foram avaliados quanto a variáveis demográficas, dados de saúde, sintomas depressivos (Inventário de Depressão de Beck – BDI) e cronotipo (Questionário de Cronotipo de Munique – MCTQ). Na segunda etapa, 1.127 indivíduos entre 18 e 65 anos, selecionados a partir de seu cronotipo foram avaliados através do Índice de bem-estar de 5-itens da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). O ponto médio do sono nos dias de rotinas de trabalho ou escolares foi utilizado como indicador do cronotipo, sendo “atrasado” aquele que tem o ponto médio mais tarde em relação ao início da noite e “avançado”, mais cedo. Resultados: no primeiro artigo, estudou-se a relação entre cronotipo e depressão em uma amostra de estudantes adolescentes. O modelo de regressão que melhor explicou a diferença entre os grupos com diferentes níveis de sintomas de depressão (BDI<10 X BDI!10) incluiu o sexo feminino e o cronotipo atrasado. O segundo artigo demonstrou que a escala de Bem-estar de 5-itens da OMS tem uma estrutura unidimensional, boa validade interna e externa e utilidade como instrumento de triagem para depressão quando comparada ao BDI. Assim, no terceiro artigo, foi avaliada a relação entre cronotipo e bem-estar, em indivíduos entre 18 e 65 anos. O modelo de regressão que incluiu o cronotipo atrasado, maior carga de trabalho, rotinas de trabalho mais cedo no dia e menor exposição à luz do sol, como variáveis preditoras, e piores escores na Escala de Bem-estar, como desfecho, foi significativo para o sexo feminino. Discussão: a presente tese explicitou a importância de considerar os fatores idade e sexo na expressão do cronotipo e na relação deste com saúde mental. Corroborou com a hipótese de que as demandas sociais mediam a relação entre cronotipo e os desfechos estudados. A expressão do cronotipo nos dias de rotinas escolares ou de trabalho foi identificada como a variável que estabeleceu a mais forte relação com piores escores de bemestar e com mais sintomas de depressão. Por fim, reforçou a necessidade de revermos as rotinas de trabalho e escolares que, ao não considerarem as diferenças fisiológicas individuais, têm-se associado, de forma consistente, a conseqüências negativas à saúde. / Introduction: the sleep-wake cycle is the most ubiquitous human circadian rhythmic behavior. It is established by an endogenous circadian timing system that is regulated by the presence or absence of light in the environment. Sleep and wake behavior varies among individuals and this feature has been termed chronotype. Negative health effects have been associated with the chronotype that presents later start and end sleep times. A hypothesis to explain these findings is that social demands, which do not take into account individual variability, are mediators of this relationship. Objectives: to evaluate the association between chronotype and mental health (psychological well-being and depressive symptoms) taking into account demographic factors (age and sex) and the routines of school or work. Materials and methods: the studies included here are cross-sectional nested to an epidemiological study in a sample of individuals from “Vale do Taquari”, in southern Brazil. In the first evaluation, 6,506 participants were assessed for demographic variables, health data, depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory - BDI) and chronotype (Munich Chronotype Questionnaire - MCTQ). In the second stage, 1,127 individuals between 18 and 65 years, selected based on their chronotype, were evaluated through the Well-being 5 items Index from the World Health Organization (WHO). The midpoint of sleep on working or school days was used as an indicator of chronotype, and considered "delayed" or “late” those who have later midpoints in relation to environmental night and "advanced" or “early”, earlier. Results: in the first article, we studied the relationship between chronotype and depression in a sample of adolescent students. The regression model that best explained the difference between groups with different levels of depression symptoms (BDI<10 X BDI!10) included female sex and late chronotype. The second article demonstrated that the Well-being index has a unidimensional structure, good internal and external validities and might be usefulness as a screening tool for depression when compared to the BDI. Thus, in the third article, we evaluated the relationship between chronotype and well-being in individuals between 18 and 65 years. The regression model that included late chronotype, increased workload, earlier working routines in the day and less exposure to sunlight, as predictor variables, and worse scores on the well-being index, as the outcome was significant for females. Discussion: the present thesis content highlighted the importance of considering age and sex as factors influencing the expression of chronotype and the relationship with mental health outcomes. It corroborated the hypothesis that social demands mediate the relationship between chronotype and the studied outcomes. The expression of chronotype during the days of work or school routines was identified as the variable that established the strongest relationship with worse well-being scores and more depression symptoms. Finally, it reinforced the need to reconsider work and school routines that, by not taking into acount individual physiological differences, have been associated consistently with negative health consequences.

<p>In the beginning of this millennium the increasing level of work related illness was de-scribed, in the public debate, as one of the most serious and costly social problems of our times. An important question in the present study is whether or not the newspapers contributed to make their readers, the politicians and other social actors aware of this vast and growing problem.</p><p>Thus, the main purpose was to find out the extent of the news media coverage on occupational health/ill-health in Swedish newspapers in the end of the 1990s, and the ways in which the topic was framed. Furthermore the intent was to produce a better and deeper understanding of the factors influencing the coverage.</p><p>Theoretically the study draws on framing theory. Framing here refers to the process through which complex issues are reduced to journalistically manageable dimensions in the construction of news stories, resulting in a text, a news story that presents and high-lights some aspects and perspectives of the perceived reality but not others.</p><p>A combination of research methods was used - A content and frame analysis of six months of occupational health coverage in seven newspapers; an interview study with journalists and their scientific sources about the news production; a one week’s news-room study aimed at observing the everyday production of news; and finally, a short email survey directed to the editorial staff at the examined news papers, with the purpose to get some indication on how the coverage of occupational health was organised and prioritized at the different newspapers.</p><p>In the empirical analysis the newspapers´ picturing of occupational health/ill-health was compared with picture emerging from official statistics on occupational sickness and injury. In many respects a deviation was found between the two. Furthermore, simi-larities and differences in content between different newspapers, between different news sections and between news stories written by journalists of different sex, were examined.</p><p>A key finding is that the Swedish newspapers did not draw their readers’ attention to the extensive and growing problem at the places of work. A majority of the stories related to occupational health/ill-health were episodic, and treated the issues as isolated and random events rather than predictable and preventable problems, although there were also more thematic articles written during special circumstances. The results indicate that a primary cause of the topics low priority in the newspapers was that the coverage of occupational health/ill-health had not been integrated into the journalistic routines.</p>

In the beginning of this millennium the increasing level of work related illness was de-scribed, in the public debate, as one of the most serious and costly social problems of our times. An important question in the present study is whether or not the newspapers contributed to make their readers, the politicians and other social actors aware of this vast and growing problem. Thus, the main purpose was to find out the extent of the news media coverage on occupational health/ill-health in Swedish newspapers in the end of the 1990s, and the ways in which the topic was framed. Furthermore the intent was to produce a better and deeper understanding of the factors influencing the coverage. Theoretically the study draws on framing theory. Framing here refers to the process through which complex issues are reduced to journalistically manageable dimensions in the construction of news stories, resulting in a text, a news story that presents and high-lights some aspects and perspectives of the perceived reality but not others. A combination of research methods was used - A content and frame analysis of six months of occupational health coverage in seven newspapers; an interview study with journalists and their scientific sources about the news production; a one week’s news-room study aimed at observing the everyday production of news; and finally, a short email survey directed to the editorial staff at the examined news papers, with the purpose to get some indication on how the coverage of occupational health was organised and prioritized at the different newspapers. In the empirical analysis the newspapers´ picturing of occupational health/ill-health was compared with picture emerging from official statistics on occupational sickness and injury. In many respects a deviation was found between the two. Furthermore, simi-larities and differences in content between different newspapers, between different news sections and between news stories written by journalists of different sex, were examined. A key finding is that the Swedish newspapers did not draw their readers’ attention to the extensive and growing problem at the places of work. A majority of the stories related to occupational health/ill-health were episodic, and treated the issues as isolated and random events rather than predictable and preventable problems, although there were also more thematic articles written during special circumstances. The results indicate that a primary cause of the topics low priority in the newspapers was that the coverage of occupational health/ill-health had not been integrated into the journalistic routines.