The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the tension between children’s spontaneous exploration and the preschool's scheduled routines. A day in preschool is on one hand signified by interpersonal meetings, the preschool pedagogues are highly aware in their encounter with the children, the interaction is both warm and professional. On the other hand, a day in preschool is also signified by scheduled routines and time frames that cannot be broken. If they are broken a domino effect can occur which will result in consequences that affect the rest of the day. Because of this, pedagogues must interrupt children’s spontaneous exploration on a daily basis to maintain the time frames. Michel Foucault's thoughts of power are our theoretical perspective, our aim is to explore the hidden power structures. The research questions are: How do schedules and routines discipline children and pedagogues in preschool? What space is there for children’s spontaneous exploration in preschools scheduled routines? What does the children’s eventual resilience against routines and set time frames look like?  We have used a qualitative method in our study, using interviews and observations. We have interviewed three preschool teachers and two childcare workers. The interviews gave us insight of what the pedagogues thought about children’s spontaneous exploration and routines while the observations gave us insight on what the pedagogues and children were actually doing. The observations took place at two different preschools on four different occasions. The result of our study shows that routines and time frames do discipline children and pedagogues in preschool, but the discipline is usually welcomed. Children's spontaneous exploration is viewed as important and as an essential clue to children's inner life, but it gets interrupted daily to not disturb the routines. To compromise for the interruptions the pedagogues use various coping strategies, one being implementing children’s interests in preschools scheduled activities. Thus, creating possibilities for democracy to be practiced but also at the risk of leading children towards normative goals.

This research sought to understand the differences in framing used by alternative media outlets and traditional or mainstream media outlets. Researchers used a sampling of articles about the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks from alternative media publications and traditional media publications to conduct this study. Computer software analyzed these articles to determine themes and concepts within both data sets. The analysis revealed traditional media was less varied in themes than was alternative media, with the latter clearly showing an effort to be analytical of different aspects surrounding the Sept. 11 attacks. Traditional media largely provided routine coverage of commemorative services and very little critical analysis.

This research sought to understand the differences in framing used by alternative media outlets and traditional or mainstream media outlets. Researchers used a sampling of articles about the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks from alternative media publications and traditional media publications to conduct this study. Computer software analyzed these articles to determine themes and concepts within both data sets. The analysis revealed traditional media was less varied in themes than was alternative media, with the latter clearly showing an effort to be analytical of different aspects surrounding the Sept. 11 attacks. Traditional media largely provided routine coverage of commemorative services and very little critical analysis.

Studien belyser den komplexa problematik som omsluter anmälningsplikten för skolpersonal vid misstanke eller kännedom om att ett barn far illa. Tidigare forskning pekar på att underrapportering är ett problem i de svenska skolorna, men samtidigt menar forskare på att anmälningsfrekvensen inte är intressant att undersöka om man inte också undersöker den problematik som lagstiftningen genererar. Studiens frågeställningar är därav utformade för att ta reda på hur skolpersonal upplever anmälningsplikten till Socialtjänsten enligt 14 kapitlet 1 § SoL, och hur deras syn på anmälningsplikten påverkas av att de inte kan anmäla sin oro anonymt. Studien söker även svar på hur grundskolors rutiner kring anmälningsförfarandet ser ut, och om skolpersonalen anser att något saknas i lagstiftningen eller från Socialtjänsten. För att få svar på frågeställningarna gjordes tre semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt sju informanter som arbetar inom grundskolan i Malmö och Vellinge. Analysen bygger på utvecklingsekologi samt teorin om street-level bureaucracy, eller gräsrotsbyråkrati. De slutsatser som kunde dras efter studiens genomförande var att skolpersonalen upplever att den lagstadgade anmälningsplikten är något bra, och att deras anmälningsbenägenhet inte påverkas av det faktum att de inte kan anmäla anonymt. De upplever trots allt att anmälningsplikten genererar en viss utsatthet för dem som skolpersonal i kontakt med föräldrar. Samtliga skolor använde sig av konsultation med Socialtjänsten innan dess att en anmälan gjordes, och det fanns möjlighet till råd och stöd från elevhälsan både före och efter en anmälan. Det skolpersonalen saknade från lagstiftningen och Socialtjänsten var tydligare rutiner för Socialtjänsten när det kommer till att återkoppla till anmälaren. / The study highlights the complex issue surrounding school personnel’s duty to report to Social Services if they suspect or if it comes to knowledge that a child may be in physical, social or psychological danger. Previous research shows a lack of these reports in swedish schools, but at the same time researchers say that the frequency of reports is not relevant to study if one does not also study the problems that generates from the legislation itself. Therefore, this study’s questions at issue are designed to find out how the school personnel experience the duty to report concern for a child to Social Services, and in which way their experience is affected by the fact that they can not report anonymously. The study also investigates the schools’ routines for making these reports, and if the school personnel feel that something is missing from the legislation or the Social Services regarding the duty to report concern for a child. In order to answer these questions, three semi-structured interviews with a total of seven informants from three different schools in Malmö and Vellinge were conducted. The analysis is based ecological systems theory and the theory of street-level bureaucracy. The final conclusions were that the school personnel has a positive attitude towards the duty to report, and that their tendency to report is not affected by the fact that they can not report anonymously. They do however experience an exposure generated from the duty to report, when it comes to the parents’ reactions. All schools used the opportunity to consult with Social Services before making a report, and they all had the opportunity to get help and support from the student health before and after making a report. What they felt were missing in the legislation was a more clear demands for Social Services to give feedback to the reporter.

The purpose of this study is to examine peer cultures in relation to everyday routines at institutions for younger children in two different cultures. This study is a comparative study of institutions for younger children in England and in Sweden. This study has an ethnographic approach, and the methods that have been employed to gather empirical data are observation and informal interviews. The theoretical basis for the analysis of this study is childhood sociology, which includes interpretive reproduction and access strategies/ withdrawal strategies. Foucault's disciplinary power theory has also been used to analyze. The result of this study shows that when children interact with each other in peer cultures they use similar access strategies and withdrawal strategies to create, protect and maintain peer cultures - even though they belong to different cultures and institutions. However, the interpretive reproduction in peer cultures vary since the children live in different cultures and have different norms and structures. This study also shows that within both institutions there are governance over the children in how, where, when and what they can do. It was made clear that the everyday routines of the institutions provide either possibilities or obstacles for the children to interact in pursuit of creating peer cultures.

Thesis(MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Recent changes in the Municipalities have brought transformation. Ehlanzeni district is not excluded from this process. Due to high levels of unemployment in Mpumalanga, the National Government implemented a development initiative known as the Extended Public Works Programme (EPWP) to alleviate poverty in various municipalities. The study is concerned with the challenges faced by the officials in Ehlanzeni local Municipalities on the Management and Implementation of EPWP. Challenges such as lack of capacity building were cited by the officials in the department as a main obstacle to the implementation of EPWP in the area of the study. To investigate the above problem, the researcher has used a qualitative and quantitative research design to achieve the intended objective of the study. Stratified random sampling was also used to collect data from the target population. The questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data while the interviews were used to collect qualitative data. The study revealed that a lack of capacity building in the implementation of the Extended Public Works Programme was caused by insufficient resources, equipment, clarity of policy guidelines, nepotism, inadequate training programmes and managerial skills, and a lack of alternative strategy. These factors were regarded as the main problems that hinder the implementation of EPWP in the Ehlanzeni district. In conclusion, the study recommended the provision of capacity building and other related issues to enhance the implementation of EPWP at the Ehlanzeni Municipalities in Mpumalanga Province.

Bröderna Axelssons är ett plåtslageri beläget i Karlskoga. Detta examensarbete har syftat till att undersöka kvalitetskulturen vid två olika ISO-införanden på företaget. Företaget har även fått hjälp med att skriva nya rutiner och instruktioner till processen Beredning/Produktion/Leverans.  För att undersöka kvalitetskulturen har metoder använts från Cronemyr P, Bäckström I och Rönnbäck Å (2016). Vid undersökning av kvalitetskulturen har intervjuer genomförts med VD, administratör, produktionstekniker och en enkät om beteenden på företaget. Svaren används sedan till analys för att se vilka värderingar som hindrar/stödjer kvalitetskulturen. Resultatet visade att den dåvarande kvalitetskulturen på företaget till stor del var hindrande, medan dagens kvalitetskultur är av blandad karaktär, alltså både stödjande och hindrande. Vid skapandet av de nya rutinerna och instruktionerna inspirerades strukturen och innehållet av material från Bergman B och Klefsjö B (2012). De färdiga rutinerna och instruktioner lämnades vid arbetets slut över till företaget som ska användas till deras nya ledningssystem som är ISO 9001:2015 integrerat med ISO 14001:2015. Resultatet visade att rutiner och instruktioner från det gamla ledningssystemet var felaktigt skrivna för de gjordes av en utomstående part. Dagens rutiner och instruktioner är gjorda tillsammans med dem som arbetar i processen. Utöver det följer allt material i det nya ledningssystemet samma dokumentationsstruktur, vilket de ej gjorde i det gamla ledningssystemet.   För ett fortsatt arbete rekommenderas att vidare undersöka kvalitetskulturen samt ge de    ISO-ansvariga på företaget dedikerad arbetstid för att få möjlighet att skriva klart det nya ledningssystemet. Utöver det minimera de värderingar som hindrar kvalitetskulturen. / Bröderna Axelssons is a sheet metal part producing company located in Karlskoga. This thesis aim has been to investigate the quality culture at the company at two different ISO implementation occasions. The company has also received guided help to write new routines and instructions for their process Preparation/Production/Delivery.  To investigate the quality culture, methods from Cronemyr P, Bäckström I and Rönnbäck Å (2016) have been used. In the investigation of the quality culture, interviews were conducted with the CEO, administrator, manufacturing engineer and a survey was conducted regarding the existing behaviours in the company. The responses from the interviews and survey were then used to analyse which values obstruct or support the quality culture. The results show that the former quality culture was for the most part obstructive, while the current quality culture is of mixed nature, i.e. both supportive and obstructive.      The creation of the new routines and instructions, structure and content were inspired by materials from Bergman B and Klefsjö B (2012). The completed routines and instructions were handed over to the company to be used in their new management system containing ISO 9001:2015 integrated with ISO 14001:2015. The result showed that routines and instructions from the old management system were written incorrectly because they were created by a third party. The new routines and instructions are made together with those who work in the process. In addition, all material in the new management system follows the same documentation structure, which they did not do in the old management system.     For continued work it is recommended to further investigate the quality culture and give the responsible for ISO implementation at the company dedicated time to complete the new management system. In addition, the company should minimize the values that obstruct the quality culture.

The study examined the frequency of preschool mathematics activities at home and in the family child care setting. Provider perception and parent perception of the activities were also surveyed. Twenty-one family child care providers, 38 parents, and 42 preschool children participated in the study. Providers and parents participated in a telephone interview in which they completed either the Day Care Activities Checklist (DAC) or the Parent/Child Activities Checklist (PCAC). Research assistants administered the TEMA-2, a mathematical assessment suitable for preschool children, to the children in the study. Family child care providers in this study reported engaging in mathematics activities statistically significantly more frequently than did parents. Providers offered mathematics activities about once or twice during the week while parents offered these activities less frequently. Three mathematics activities (provided help in saying numbers past 10, did simple addition with props, and assisted the children in writing numbers) yielded statistically significant differences in weekly frequency. However, for six of the activities there were no statistically significant differences in presentation. The most frequently occurring response for mathematics activities for both groups was "Did not occur this week." Parents and providers could discriminate mathematics activities from other activities with about the same accuracy. Chi-square tests did not result in a statistically significant discrepancy in the ability of providers and parents to discriminate either the total mathematics activities or individual activities on the DAC and PCAC. The total frequency of mathematics activities with the TEMA-2 Mathematics Quotient MQ for either the parent or provider group did not result in a statistically significant correlation. These two variables resulted in a negative correlation for the provider group but not the parent group. More experts in this study rated the reading or other-play activities as developmentally appropriate when compared to mathematics activities. Providers in this study reported offering more mathematics activities than parents. This difference was statistically significant. Both groups discriminated mathematics activities from other play activities with about the same accuracy. The frequency of mathematics activities as reported on the DAC or the PCAC when correlated with TEMA-2 MQ scores for either the provider or parent group was not statistically significant. More experts in this study rated the reading or other-play activities as developmentally appropriate when compared to mathematics activities. The information gained from this research project will be beneficial in designing and implementing mathematics resources that are suitable for use for preschool children in the home and the family child care setting.

Combining Cyert and March's (1963) model of search with foundational concepts from evolutionary theory (Nelson & Winter, 1982), this dissertation scrutinizes the expansion of search and develops a refined framework for organizational search behavior.  Special emphasis is put on the aspect of search in organizationally vulnerable areas (Cyert & March, 1963).  Considering pressure to innovate as a potential driver, the dissertation develops a conceptual model based on open innovation (Chesbrough, 2003a).  Three pre-studies and two main studies illuminate broadcast search in the pharmaceutical industry and test the theoretical model. The pre-studies elucidate the use of broadcast search in the pharmaceutical industry from various angles.  One investigation uses public data from an intermediary to test for the uniqueness of pharma-related broadcast search.  Findings indicate that pharma-related challenges are frequented less by solvers.  Another pre-study administered surveys to managers from pharmaceutical firms interested in open innovation for R&D.  Results indicate alignment between the academic literature and practice.  The tenor of the pre-studies is that broadcast search in the pharmaceutical industry deserves legitimate consideration.  Also, anecdotal evidence supports the notion that broadcast search, at current, is used after other attempts have failed"as a search mechanism at the margin. The two main studies test the theoretically developed ideas.  Building on prior work, study 1 singles out the breadth of the knowledge base as the defining factor for forming strategic knowledge groups.  Study 2 supports the notion that innovation pressure is associated with changes in organizational search behavior.  Since study 2 does not find a direct link between innovation pressure and broadcast search engagement, a post-hoc analysis follows which combines study 1 findings with study 2 data.  Results support the idea that a broad knowledge base precedes broadcast search. Theory development benefits from this dissertation by emphasizing on a better understanding of organizational search processes and setting a foundation for future investigations.  For practitioners the dissertation cautions of blind adoption of broadcast search while at the same time pointing to its potential.  Having supplemental capabilities becomes crucial.  The nature of these capabilities requires further scientific investigation. / Ph. D.

The diploma thesis From an influencer to a journalist - a new form of a deprofessionalization of journalism? aims to acquaint readers with a modern trend, where influencers, people operating primarily on social media, become journalists, who create media performances. In the theoretical part, conceptions such as an influencer, social media or even the concept of a deprofessionalization of journalism are established. In the methodical part, the author chose a qualitative research method, specifically throughout interviews with influencers already participating in the media. In addition to the research method and research set, the reader is also acquainted with research questions, which were formed into interrogative questions. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the research itself. In the opening chapter, the concepts are ordered and categorized, which was later used by the author to assemble chapters Influencer, Education and practice, Employment relationship, Theoretical preparation, Working in the media and Social media. To each chapter citations from thorough interviews were implemented, which contributed as confirmation from influencers, who works or worked for the media. Thanks to open questions the closure could be made, that deprofessionalization of journalism is incorrectly linked with...