Accomplishing desired benefits from investments in planned change is problematical for organizations, their leaders and the change agents charged with delivery. This is despite a well-developed literature, replete with advice on how change should be achieved. Examination of this literature shows the primary focus on change agents and their practices. This research widens the focus by observing the influence of change agents, change recipients and line managers on organizational routines undergoing planned change. It examines the interplay between stability and change in organizational routines, adopting a social practice perspective, and the routine intended to change as the unit of analysis (Feldman and Pentland, 2003, 2005). The research builds on claims that to understand the patterns of action within routines requires the internal dynamics – the claimed duality between ostensive (in principle) and performative (in practice) aspects - to be examined. A research method to operationalize the study of this claimed duality was devised following the principles of Strong Structuration (Stones, 2005). This method enabled a unique conceptualization of the study of routine dynamics, focused on planned change from the perspective of multiple, interdependent actors. Two cases of change agents following the advice in the planned change literature were explored. In one case, stability of the routine persisted when change was intended. In the other, change was relatively easy to achieve irrespective of change agent actions. The primary contribution is the demonstration of how the attitudes to change of change recipients, line managers and change agents influence the internal dynamics of routines undergoing planned change. Other contributions pertain to the method of ‘unpacking’ organizational routines and its potential for shaping future practice. This research does not offer new ‘normative’ advice but instead sensitizes planned change practitioners to the level of analysis they need to carry out to ensure that their interventions are suitably designed.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskors följsamhet till handhygien är en förutsättning för att förhindra smittspridning.Varje år skadas 100 000 patienter i vårdrelaterade infektioner och var tionde inneliggande patient drabbas. Vårdtiden förlängs med 4 dagar och detta kostar samhället oerhörda resurser och kostnader. Kontaktsmitta via sjukvårdspersonals händer är den vanligaste orsaken. Detta skulle kunna förhindras om sjukvårdspersonalen utför korrekt handhygien enligt de rekommenderade riktlinjerna. Syfte Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar hur sjuksköterskor inom den slutna vården följer riktlinjer för basala hygienrutiner gällande handhygien. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie Resultat Följsamheten hossjuksköterskorna i studien var låg. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskornas följsamhet till handhygienen påverkades av följande kategorier som framkom i de funna resultaten; Hudpåverkan, attityder, materialtillgång, arbetsbelastning och stress, utbildning och kunskap. Det brast framförallt i handhygienen före kontakt med patienten. Diskussion: En stark bidragande orsak till bristande handhygien var att sjuksköterskorna ville skydda sig själva och inte tänker på patienterna. Arbetsbelastning och stress var en annan bidragande faktor till den låga följsamheten. Slutsats: Det behövs fortsatt forskning och förebyggande arbete om handhygien. Detta kan förebyggas med bland annat utbildning och kunskap om handhygien. Bättre materiella resurser behövs för att kunna sköta handhygienen bättre. / Background : Nurses adherence to hand hygiene is essential to prevent the spread of infection.Each year 100 000 patients are harmed by nosocomial infections and it effects every tenth inpatient care patient. Care time is prolonged by four days, costing the society vast resources and expenses. Contact infection via hospital stuff hands is the most common cause. This could be prevented if hospital stuff practiced proper hand hygiene according to recommended giudelines. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to highlight elements that influence how inpatient care nurses follow guidelines regarding basic hand hygiene. Method: General literature study. Result: Nurses in the study had low compliance. Result showed that nurses ́compliance to hand hygiene was affected by the following categories, transpiring in founds results; effect on skin, attitude, acess to material, workload and stress, education and knowledge. Especially hand hygiene prior to patient contact was deficient. Discussion: A strong contributory cause of insuffiicient hand hygiene was nurses trying to protect themselves and not thinking of the patients. Work load and stress was another contributing cause of the law compliance. Conclusion: Further research as well as preventive efforts regarding hand hygiene is needed. This can be prevented by for example education and knowledge of hand hygiene. Enhanced material resources is needed to conduct betetr hand hygiene.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / To study the traditional communication Medias considering the context of the convergence allow us to understand the actual media landscape. And for that reason, we consider relevant the studies related to the influence of technology at the productive routines of the radio stations. In this way, this research has as a main objective to verify the path of the use of the Internet into the production of radio journalism at Guaiba Radio Station into a convergence environment. Attending to our purpose, we present a whole theoric discussion about the convergence process and its dimensions. In this work, we explain in a very specific way, the concepts of professional and content convergence. Yet, we present the radio fundamental characteristics, radio journalism and we built a text to relate the journalistic production of the radio with the Internet. As a case study, we chose to accomplish an analysis about Radio Guaiba production routines, from Porto Alegre/RS. The analysis tools used were: the observation of production of routines, interviews and content analysis available at the website of the radio station. / Estudar os veículos tradicionais de comunicação considerando o contexto da convergência permite que se possa compreender o atual cenário midiático. Por tal motivo consideramos relevantes os estudos relacionados à influência da tecnologia nas rotinas produtivas das emissoras de rádio. Dessa maneira, a dissertação aqui apresentada tem como objetivo principal verificar de que forma se dá a utilização da internet na produção de radiojornalismo na rádio Guaíba, em ambiente de convergência. Para atender a proposta apresentamos uma discussão teórica a respeito do processo de convergência e suas dimensões. Neste trabalho buscamos discutir, de maneira específica, os conceitos de convergência profissional e de conteúdo. Apresentamos, ainda, as características fundamentais do rádio, do radiojornalismo e construímos um texto com a finalidade de relacionar a produção jornalística desse veículo com a internet. Como estudo de caso, optamos por realizar uma análise a respeito das rotinas produtivas da Rádio Guaíba, de Porto Alegre- RS. As ferramentas de análise que utilizamos foram: observação de rotinas produtivas, entrevistas e análise (complementar) do conteúdo disponibilizado no site da emissora.

Tanto as inovações como o conhecimento desempenham um papel fundamental no atual cenário econômico e organizacional. Por outro lado, incertezas e turbulências, que podem estar associadas a processos e mudanças nestes cenários, emitem sinais, o que, no âmbito organizacional, denota a necessidade de monitoramento do ambiente competitivo. Os sinais, ainda que fracos e uma vez identificados representam estímulos externos que, associados ao conhecimento fomentam a inovação e, desta forma, podem ser considerados como um dos antecedentes da inovação. Segundo Arboniés (2009), os sinais fracos permitem a criação individual a partir da associação de diferentes sinais entre si e ao conhecimento tácito detido por um grupo de indivíduos. Esse processo denominado de rotinas criativas amplia o campo de alternativas e pode antecipar ameaças e oportunidades, a partir da interpretação criativa de sinais fracos e da concepção de rotinas para o seu processamento. Assim, este trabalho se propôs a estudar o conhecimento como um antecedente da inovação e como resultante do monitoramento externo. O foco estava no papel dos sinais fracos, em seu processamento por meio de rotinas criativas e em sua influência no desempenho em inovação. O objetivo foi então o de analisar as práticas de rotinas criativas para o processamento de sinais fracos e o desempenho em inovação. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o descritivo exploratório, com um estudo de caso realizado nas empresas do Grupo Alfa. Os resultados indicaram que as empresas que possuem rotinas criativas apresentam desempenho superior em inovação. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-04-30T13:20:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jairo Moran C. Ribeiro.pdf: 2844874 bytes, checksum: 6449394bd3c6eb42842ed08f08c62748 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-30T13:20:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jairo Moran C. Ribeiro.pdf: 2844874 bytes, checksum: 6449394bd3c6eb42842ed08f08c62748 (MD5) / As innovations as knowledge show a main role in the organizational economic scenery nowadays. Furthermore uncertainties and turbulence may be associated with changes in these processes and sceneries, emitting signals and within the organizational context indicate the need of monitoring the competitive environment. These signals still so weak and once a time identified represent the external stimuli which associated to the knowhow can feed, and this way are considered like a background of the innovation. According Arboniés (2009), weak signal allow an individual creation from the association in different signals among theirselves and a tacit knowledge held by a group of individuals. This process called creative routines broadens the alternatives and can anticipate threats and opportunities, from the creative interpretation of weak signals and designing routines for processing. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the knowledge as a background of innovation and as a result of external monitoring. The focus was on the role of weak signals in their processing through creative routines and their influence on innovation performance. Then the goal was to analyse the practice of creative routines for a processing of weak signs and performance in innovation. The method used was the descriptive and exploratory with a case study from Alpha Group Companies. The outcomes indicate that the enterprises that have creative routines also show a superior performance in innovation.

I och med att byggsektorn är en av de mest olyckdrabbade industrierna i Sverige så hararbetsmiljön med avseende på säkerhetsrutiner undersökts i detta examensarbete. Det finnsmånga olika dimensioner av arbetsmiljö och säkerhet, men arbetet fokuserar på att undersökahur väl de personer som arbetar i produktionen tycker det fungerar med utstationeradarbetskraft och säkerhetsrutinerna.I arbetet så har frågeställningar om hur väl säkerheten fungerar med utstationerad arbetskraftoch hur det aktiva arbetsmiljöarbetet skiljer sig mellan svenska och utländska yrkesarbetaretagits upp. Sedan så har även undersökning gjorts i hur man rent allmänt skulle kunna ökasäkerhetsmedvetandet på byggarbetsplatserna. Det har även studerats hurproduktionsledningen på plats upplever situationen med utländsk arbetskraft och säkerhet iarbetsmiljöarbetet.Som underlag till arbetet har en litteraturstudie gjorts samt en intervjustudie av platscheferoch arbetsledare som har erfarenhet av att leda utländsk arbetskraft på sina projekt.Resultatet av studien visar på att produktionsledningen uppfattar problematiken medutstationerad arbetskraft i varierande grad. Vad som ansågs problematiskt kunde variera mengrunden till alla problemen kunde summeras till tre punkter vilka var kommunikation,kulturella skillnader och otydlighet vid upphandling av arbetskraften.Att det måste finnas högre krav och klarare ut- formulerat i anbuden vilken nivå av engelskade utstationerade behöver bemästra för att en säker arbetsmiljö ska kunna garanteras är någotsom kom fram i slutsatsen. Även hur den så kallade CFR-skalan kan användas aventreprenörer för att avgöra om språkkunskaperna anses vara bra nog, samt hur det kulturellaarvet hos arbetare främst från Östeuropa kan kollidera med den platta svenskaorganisationsstrukturen och på så sätt öka säkerhetsrisker i arbetet. / Since the construction sector is one of the industries that is the most affected by work relatedinjuries in Sweden, this thesis is investigating the work environment with focus on safetyroutines at the construction sites. But because of the work environment and safety routinescovers as broad spectra this thesis focuses on how well the people working in the productionsection of the industry, think it works with posted labor and safety routines at the constructionsites.Some questions have been asked in the thesis to help formulate the problem with posted laborand safety routines. They are formulated in a way to help examine how well the safety isworking with the posted labor and what differences leadership feels there are betweenSwedish and posted labor regarding safety routines. The thesis have also investigated how theleadership feels about the situation with posted workers and safety in the job with the workingenvironment.As a foundation for the thesis a literature study has been performed combined with interviewsof construction managers who have experience about leading posted labor in their projects.The result of the study shows that the construction managers view the problem with theposted labor quite different. What they viewed as a problem could fluctuate but everyonebasically had three common denominators; communication, culture differences anduncertainties in the procurements of the contractors.There must be higher demands and greater clarity in the demands of what level of English theposted labor should be able to speak to guarantee safe work environment was one of theconclusions in the thesis. The so called CFR-scale could be used by contractors to determineif posted workers language skills are good enough. Also treated was how the culture legacy ofthe posted workers primarily from Eastern Europe can collide with the flat Swedishorganization culture and how that is a safety risk at the construction sites.

xiii, 80 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Procedures for direct observation as part of functional behavior assessment (FBA) in natural settings continue to be an important area of inquiry and evaluation in the field of education. Spread across a continuum of control and rigor, various direct FBA methods involve a variety of strengths and limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment utility of routines analysis when applied to direct observation as part of the function-based assessment and intervention process in general education classrooms. Central to this procedure is the use of routines analysis during the FBA interview to inform and develop direct observation conditions. This procedure was evaluated across 3 students in grades K-6. Data collected via this procedure showed utility when compared to traditional ABC observation methods such that clearer indications of a hypothesized function of behavior were obtained. Interventions developed from the assessment data resulted in an observed decrease in problem behavior for each participant. Results of this study suggest the importance of routines analysis as a possible way to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the FBA process. / Committee in charge: Cynthia Anderson, Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Robert Horner, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Richard Albin, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Jean Stockard, Outside Member, Planning Public Policy & Mgmt

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glenda Mara Arthuso Teixeira.pdf: 1026183 bytes, checksum: c2c36aafb5680967da3a5d4a64f34586 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The following thesis aims to create an understanding of parts of the arts of doing management of the daily routines at a public primary level municipal school, during the early stages of an elected headmaster who had had little or no experience in school management. The thesis is based on research done Raízes a public primary level school belonging to the public school network within the municipality of Vitória in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. This municipality was chosen for having received elected headmasters at the beginning of 2012. The school, Raízes , was chosen for being considered by the municipality as one of the schools where the management was considered the most involved and best developed and for having received a headmaster which until then had not been elected as a school headmaster. With the objective of studying the complexity of the daily routine of new management, a qualitative descriptive methodology was adopted including an ethnographic survey which was used to create new data through direct observation of the first six months or first semester of the new school management. So as to enrich the data provided by the survey further interviews were conducted taking into consideration an in-depth view of daily school routines and issues. Through this process it was clear that the new school manager underwent changes after the initial six months. There are no theories that have constructed the daily routine of a school manager, for even when the routine is properly planned there are certain unpredictable occurrences that appear all the time and may lead to frustration. The following thesis is important in that it presents the complexity involved in the change from being a teacher to being a headmaster. In light of the headmaster studied, Ana, it is clear that the complexities involved in this new management role along with all the specifics involved in school management as a whole in the public school system in Brazil require a (re)construction of continued training and development policies which serve to better prepare a professional new to the management area / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo compreender fragmentos das artes do fazer gestão no cotidiano de uma escola pública de ensino básico municipal, no período inicial de um diretor eleito, que tenha tido pouca ou nenhuma experiência em gestão escolar. O locus de pesquisa deste trabalho é uma escola pública de ensino básico, pertencente à rede municipal de Vitória/ES, com o nome fictício de Raízes. O município foi escolhido, pois, no início do ano de 2012, a rede municipal recebeu os diretores eleitos em Outubro de 2011. O critério de escolha da escola se deu por ser considerada, pelo órgão central, uma das que possui a gestão participativa mais bem desenvolvida e por ter recebido um diretor que, até então, nunca tinha sido eleito para o cargo de diretor escolar. Objetivando estudar a complexidade do cotidiano de um novo gestor, adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa e descritiva, sendo realizada uma pesquisa etnográfica e tendo, como principal mecanismo de produção de dados, a observação direta da pesquisadora durante um período de seis meses, correspondendo ao primeiro semestre de atuação no cargo de gestão pelo diretor escolar. Além deste instrumento e buscando enriquecer as observações, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e, em profundidade, com sujeitos do cotidiano escolar. Foi possível perceber que a visão da nova diretora escolar, sobre gestão, mudou após passar seis meses no cargo. O desgaste que o cargo causa na pessoa do diretor foi, também, evidenciado pelas práticas cotidianas, o que levou a diretora a pensar várias vezes em desistir do cargo. Não existem teorias que constroem o cotidiano de um gestor, pois, mesmo quando planeja seu trabalho, ele já espera eventos imprevistos, que surgem a todo o momento e podem levar a uma frustração. Este trabalho foi importante, pois, apresenta a complexidade que envolve a mudança do ser professor e do ser gestor. Diante do caso de Ana, é evidente a necessidade de se pensar a complexidade do exercício da função gerencial em uma unidade de ensino público, tendo em vista as especificidades que marcam a gestão escolar no Brasil e, a partir daí, re/construir políticas de formação continuada que possam melhor preparar um profissional para assumir o cargo de diretor escolar

Encontrar as razões que tornam as firmas bem-sucedidas em meio à grande competição está constantemente entre as motivações da agenda de pesquisa em administração. Capacidades e capacidades dinâmicas são frequentemente os termos utilizados na literatura para descrever, respectivamente, o que as firmas estão aptas a fazer e como elas buscam e implementam mudanças e inovações para criar e sustentar vantagem competitiva. Assim, é importante compreender de que forma as firmas se tornam capazes e quais são os diferentes caminhos para inovação. Porém os termos capacidades e inovação possuem ambigüidades. Segundo a literatura, as capacidades das firmas estão relacionadas às suas rotinas, um dos conceitos centrais da teoria evolucionária de Nelson e Winter (1982). Já a inovação é tratada, geralmente, sob a perspectiva de mudanças tecnológicas em produtos e processos, porém o conceito pode envolver outras perspectivas. O presente trabalho, a partir de um estudo de casos múltiplos, buscou verificar a relação existente entre rotinas, capacidades e inovação em duas empresas do setor vitivinícola gaúcho. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um esquema analítico que integra a teoria de inovação de Schumpeter (1997), bem como a teoria econômica evolucionária de Nelson e Winter (1982). Ademais, foi traçada uma evolução histórica do setor, visando compreender de que forma a indústria do vinho se desenvolveu e como se dá a competição nesse setor nos tempos atuais. As empresas escolhidas, situadas no Vale dos Vinhedos, na Serra Gaúcha, representam duas abordagens diferentes de competição e de busca por mudança e inovação observadas no setor do vinho mundial. De um lado, uma empresa de pequeno porte orientada por uma estratégia de produção e comercialização menos dinâmica, voltada para nicho semelhante às estratégias observadas nos países do Velho Mundo; de outro, uma empresa de grande porte que segue estratégias de produção e comercialização com forte orientação para o mercado, inovação e tecnologia semelhantes às estratégias frequentemente observadas em países produtores do Novo Mundo. O trabalho identificou e analisou as capacidades de Produção, Marketing e Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de ambas as empresas por meio de uma visão baseada em rotinas, assim como os tipos de inovações implementadas pela empresa ao longo de sua trajetória. Os resultados mostram que, embora o vinho seja uma das mais antigas bebidas do mundo com tradição – a qual exerce um papel importante na forma como o produto é elaborado e consumido – e as empresas estudadas concorram com dinâmicas diferentes, o desenvolvimento de capacidades e a busca por tipos diferentes de mudança e inovação foram necessários em ambos os casos para obter distinção no mercado. / Finding the reasons that make firms successful in a competitive environment are among the most common motivations in the business research agenda. Capabilities and dynamic capabilities are often the terms used in the literature to describe respectively what firms can do and how they seek and implement change and innovation to create and sustain competitive advantage. In this sense, it is relevant to understand how firms develop their capabilities and what are the different ways they can search for change and innovation. On the other hand, both terms capability and innovation show ambiguities in the literature. This work observes that concept of capability is closely related to the term ‗routine‘ which is one of the central concepts of the evolutionary theory of economic change. Innovation is generally treated under the perspective of technological changes in products and process, but the concept involves other perspectives. Through multiple case studies in two firms, the present dissertation aims at verifying the relations among routines, capabilities and innovation in the vitiviniculture industry in Rio Grande do Sul. In order to do that, it was necessary to build an analytical framework integrating the Schumpeterian theory of innovation as well as Nelson and Winter‘s evolutionary theory of economic change. It was traced back a brief historical evolution of the wine sector to understand its development and how competition occurs in the present. The two specific cases represent two different approaches to competition and search for change and innovation observed in the wine industry. On the one side a large and very market oriented firm, and on the other, a small very niche oriented winery. This work identify and analyzed the production, marketing and research and development capabilities through a routine-based view of the firm as well as the types of change and innovation implemented by the two firms throughout their trajectory. The results show that, although wine is one of the world‘s oldest types of beverages with tradition playing an important role in the way it is elaborated and consumed, dynamic capabilities promoting change and innovation in both cases were necessary in order to obtain distinction in the market.

Esta dissertação reflete sobre o papel desempenhado pela comunicação social, e pelo jornalismo em particular, nas relações de poder e nas desigualdades que se fundam na cultura, principalmente no que se refere às relações de gênero e sexualidade. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de analisar as concepções de gênero dos jornalistas percebendo se e de que maneira elas atravessam a produção de notícias e contribuem na reprodução, manutenção, re-significação ou transformação de padrões de desigualdade, e se expressam a existência da heteronormatividade no jornalismo. Desenvolveu-se amparada nas teorias construcionistas do jornalismo, nos estudos culturais, estudos feministas pós-estruturalistas e nos estudos queer. Inspirada no método etnográfico, com uso da técnica da observação participante, a investigação se deu no acompanhamento da produção de notícias, durante onze semanas, junto a um grupo de jornalistas partícipes de um dos programas jornalísticos da RBS TV, na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Acompanhando o cotidiano dos jornalistas com foco nas rotinas produtivas das notícias e nas relações entre os profissionais, o jornalismo se desvelou constituído de gênero. Não apenas porque seus operadores são sujeitos que possuem gênero e concepções de gênero. Fundamentalmente porque demonstrou que as convenções de gênero são pervasivas dos valores culturais e visões de mundo, presentes na subjetividade dos jornalistas, e como tal incidem nas estruturas organizacionais e hierárquicas da empresa e nas próprias notícias, bem como nos modos como o jornalismo está relacionado à reprodução de saberes selecionados por serem reconhecidos como podendo ou devendo dar lugar àquilo que uma sociedade considera digno de ser conhecido (LOURO, 1997). / This dissertation reflects upon the role performed by social communication, particularly journalism, in power relations and inequality based in culture, mainly with regard to relations of gender and sexuality. For that, this paper was developed aiming the analysis of journalists’ conceptions of gender, realizing if and in what way they cross the production of news and contribute to the reproduction, maintenance, re-significance or alteration of inequity patterns, and if they express the existence of heteronormativity in journalism. The research was based on journalism’s constructivism theories, on cultural studies, post-structuralism feminist studies and queer studies. Inspired in the ethnographic method, using participant observation techniques, the investigation took place while accompanying the production of news during eleven weeks alongside a group of journalists that are part of one of RBS TV’s news programs in Porto Alegre/RS. Observing the journalists’ quotidian with focus on the productive routines of news and the relationship between professionals, journalism showed itself to be constituted of gender. Not only because its operators are subjects possessed of gender and conceptions of gender, but essentially because it was demonstrated that gender conventions are pervasive of cultural values present in the subjectivity of journalists and, as such, incur in organizational and hierarchic structures of the company and in news itself as well as in modes in which journalism is related to the reproduction of knowledge selected for being recognized as being able or having to give place to what society considers worth knowing (LOURO, 1997).