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731	International crimes prosecution case selection : the ICC, ICTR, and SCSL Mahony, Christopher January 2013 (has links) International crimes prosecutions have become more common since 1993, both domestically and at international courts and tribunals. The advance of this norm confronts realist state interests causing debate about the norm's status. Kathryn Sikkink views a norm as cascading when enough states adopt it to cause international influence, without domestic pressure, to procure levels of conformity. This thesis considers the degree of conformity by observing the level of case selection independence to determine whether this norm is cascading. By identifying the jurisdictional and functional elements of case selection independence, I develop a framework for observing the interface between politics and law. While Sikkink errs towards the quantity of international crimes prosecutions, I focus on the quality. This project examines case selection independence at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the International Criminal Court, in Uganda. The project considers whether case selection has become more or less independent at these courts - whether the norm of international crimes prosecution has cascaded or contracted. In observing the various case selection independence elements I attempt to explain the observed cascades and contractions at each court. I then consider whether a cascade or contraction occurred during the period of the courts' collective design and function. The research qualitatively observes a cumulative justice contraction. The research observes a combination of factors affecting case selection independence, including shifts in power dynamics between and among weak and powerful states, increasing state sophistication in international court engagement, a shift in jurisdiction triggering actors and forums, and realist state co-option of norm entrepreneurs via endearing explanation of independence-diminishing policies.
732	La représentation de la violence faite aux femmes dans 'Un dimanche à la piscine à Kigali' de Gil Courtemanche et 'Je m’appelle Bosnia' de Madeleine Gagnon Thach, Thida January 2014 (has links) La violence faite aux femmes est une réalité encore très présente, surtout dans les sociétés patriarcales, même après des décennies de lutte féministe. C’est aussi un thème privilégié en littérature. La présente thèse propose justement une analyse de ce thème à travers deux romans assez récents qui mettent tous deux de l’avant des aspects particuliers de la question : Un dimanche à la piscine à Kigali de Gil Courtemanche et Je m’appelle Bosnia de Madeleine Gagnon. Nous tenterons de cerner les différentes formes de violences à l’œuvre dans les deux narrations : la violence faite aux filles, celle faite aux femmes, et enfin la violence spécifique qu’engendrent les conflits armés avec le viol comme arme de guerre. Nous proposerons une analyse intersectionnelle de ces formes de violences afin de mesurer les représentations et les répercussions des notions de classe et de race eu égard aux toiles de fond différentes des deux romans : le génocide chez Courtemanche, le nettoyage ethnique chez Gagnon. Nous aborderons aussi les narrations sous l’angle de l’agentivité. Dans des sociétés fondamentalement patriarcales, quel pouvoir peuvent espérer avoir les personnages féminins sur leur destin personnel et collectif? Y a-t-il pour ces femmes fictives des stratégies possibles pour atteindre une liberté d’action, si mince soit-elle? La représentation de la violence La violence faite aux femmes La violence contre les femmes La violence vis-à-vis des femmes Les femmes et la guerre Violence conjugale et littérature Violence conjugale L'autorité masculine et les femmes Le viol comme arme de guerre Le génocide au Rwanda Les personnages féminins et la violence L'agentivité féminine Male gaze La femme comme objet sexuel L'inceste dans la littérature La prostitution Un dimanche à la piscine à Kigali Je m'appelle Bosnia A Sunday at the pool in Kigali My name is Bosnia Female agency Prostitution Incest in literature Féminisme Feminism Regard masculin Women and war Marital violence Male authority and women The genocide in Rwanda The woman as a sex object Violence against women Female protagonists and violence Approche intersectionnelle Intersectional approach Littérature québécoise Literature of Quebec Rape during war Le viol durant la guerre Rwanda Bosnie-Herzégovine Génocide Nettoyage ethnique Victimes de guerre Victims of war Figure d'autorité Authority figure Patriarcat Patriarchy Tutsi Hutu Les femmes dans la littérature Women in literature Violence against women and agency L'assujettissement des femmes The domination of women Gentille Bernard Valcourt Les femmes comme objet Women as object Le personnage de la prostituée The character of the prostitute Femme Violence masculine Personnages féminins Woman Male violence Female characters Système prostitutionnel System of prostitution Gil Courtemanche Madeleine Gagnon Intersectionnalité Intersectionality Bosnia Viol Rape Rape as a weapon of war
733	Die Weiterentwicklung des humanitären Völkerrechts durch die Strafgerichtshöfe für das ehemalige Jugoslawien und Ruanda : zur Bedeutung von internationalen Gerichtsentscheidungen als Rechtsquelle des Völkerstrafrechts / Heinsch, Robert. January 2007 (has links) Univ., Diss.--Köln, 2005. / Literaturverz. S. [387] - 413.
734	UTILIZATION OF WIND POWER IN RWANDA : Design and Production Option Eric, MANIRAGUHA January 2013 (has links) This Master Thesis is the research done in the country of Rwanda. The project leads to study the climate of this country in order to establish whether this climate could be used to produce energy from air and to implement the first wind turbine for serving the nation. After an introduction about the historical background of wind power, the thesis work deals with assessment of wind energy potential of Rwanda in focusing of the most suitable place for wind power plants. The best location with annual mean wind speed, the rate of use of turbine with hub height for an annual production per year, the mean wind speeds for 6 sites of Rwanda based on ECMWF for climatic data for one year at relief of altitude of 100m and coordinates are reported too. The result of energy produced and calculations were done based on power hitting wind turbine generator in order to calculate Kinetic energy and power available at the best location to the measurement over the period of 12 months, that could be hoped for long term. With help of logarithmic law, where wind speed usually increases with increasing in elevation and the desired wind speeds at all 6 sites were used. The annual energy production was taken into account at the best site with desired wind speed at the initial cost of turbine as well as the cost of energy (COE).However, with comparison of the tariff of EWSA, the price of Wind designed in this Research per kWh is cheaper and suitable for people of Rwanda. / <p><em>Rwanda has considerable opportunities development energy from hydro sources, methane gas, solar and peat deposits. Most of these energy sources have not been fully exploited, such as solar, wind and geothermal. As such wood is still being the major source of energy for 94 per cent of the population and imported petroleum products consume more than 40 per cent of foreign exchange. Energy is a key component of the Rwandan economy. It is thus recognized that the current inadequate and expensive energy supply constitutes a limiting factor to sustainable development. Rwanda’s Vision 2020 emphasizes the need for economic growth, private investment and economic transformation supported by a reliable and affordable energy supply as a key factor for the development process. To achieve this transformation, the country will need to increase energy production and diversify into alternative energy sources. Rwandan nations don’t have small-scale solar, wind, and geothermal devices in operation providing energy to urban and rural areas. These types of energy production are especially useful in remote locations because of the excessive cost of transporting electricity from large-scale power plants. The application of renewable energy technology has the potential to alleviate many of the problems that face the people of Rwanda every day, especially if done so in a sustainable manner that prioritizes human rights.</em></p> guidance staff and fellow students Oxana SAMOTEEVA; Dr. Chamindie SENARATNE for their suggestions Engineering and Technology Teknik och teknologier

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