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This study is to discuss the business investment strategy risk management model. The enterprise could identify, analysis the investment relative risks and establish the contingency strategy to management the risks in accordance with this model. This study selects the third generation digital mobile communication system to be the research objective. The business investment strategy risk management model could identify the investment strategy position of the industry value process in accordance with the value chain and cash flow. And the model could provide the framework and relationship of the relative risk variables through the risk variable system diagram. This model builds the scenarios of the industry and analyses different situations of the industry for forecasting the contingency strategy of the business. The contingency strategy is established for business implementing risk management of the high technology and high-risk investment. The 3G system is underling the high-level uncertainty status. The risk is increased by high license price, high infrastructure cost, technology development delay and none killer application etc. This study suggests the 3G Mobil communication company should implement the risk management actions for following items: ¡´The user ratio of 2005 ¡´The difference of 3G and 2.5G products¡C ¡´The competitive of system supplier capability. ¡´The supply chain of add-value service. ¡´Competitor status and strategy. ¡´Globe political and economic situation. This study suggests the business should implement the risk management model when it processing the high technology and high-risk investment. This model provides the risk identification, measuring, analysis, evaluation process and follow-up contingency strategy. The business could effectively manage the risk and ensure the competition by the model.

<p>Vem avgör vad som är bra användbarhet? Och hur lyckas man bibehålla det genom ett helt program? Dessa frågor och många fler ställdes när arbetet med utformningen av den nya designen startades. Meningen var att ta reda på vad som gäller idag och vad som är intressant för framtiden i frågan om användbarhet.</p><p>Genom en grundlig analys av designen i programmet SEBS (System Economy Business System) tillsammans med ett flertal andra liknande program har flera problemområden identifierats och motiverats med hjälp av teorier från författare och ISO standarder (International Organisation for Standardization).</p><p>Uppgiften har en ganska abstrakt natur och ger inte självmant upphov till gedigna praktikfall som lätt presenteras. Trots det blev ett nytt gränssnitt och nya riktlinjer framtagna och arbetssättet och tankarna bakom finns väl dokumenterade. Resultatet måste analyseras av någon som förstår större delen av innebörden i den teoretiska bakgrunden som är presenterad.</p><p>Resultaten som arbetet skapade gav en djup insikt i svårigheten att framställa programvara som är tilltalande och effektiv. Det är en utmaning många skulle backa för att ta om de visste vad den innebar. Arbetet det innebär kämpar precis som alla projekt där flera människor deltar med att få alla att dra åt samma håll. Det finns inget konkret att satsa på utan alla måste lyssna och försöka samlas kring en vision som symboliserar det kommande resultatet. Hjälpmedel för detta presenteras i rapporten, för det finns fler poänger med att låta verktygen få finnas till hands för mer än bara sammanhållningen. De kan även väcka nya sätt att prata om slutanvändare och hur man ska förhålla sig till dem.</p> / <p>Who decides whether a design is user friendly or not? And what is the trick to maintain that type of design throughout the whole program? These and many more questions were asked when the work with the report were about to begin. The plan is to find out what is relevant for design today and what will be interesting to know about in a present future. Through a fundamentally analysis of the design in the program SEBS (System Economy Business System) together with a number of similar programs, several problem areas has been discovered and motivated by references to different authors and ISO standards(International Organisation for Standardization).</p><p>Since this task has an abstract nature it does not provide the authors with good case studies that easily can be presented and discussed. Despite that, a new user design has been created and new guidelines for future design have been drawn. The work gained a deep understanding for the difficulties that comes with software manufacturing and a belief that most people would back of if they knew what was waiting down the line in this type of work. As always when project includes several people problems with communications and the ability to struggle at the same direction occurs. Tools to lighten this work are presented and they are not just effective to keep the group together. They can also help to find new ways to talk about the actual user of the developing program.</p>

There are numerous studies that address the issue of discipline practices in schools. Within the last decade there have been an increasing number of scholars and school district personnel who have written about discipline, and more specifically, the discipline of specific populations of students such as African Americans. Although many of these studies address the disparate disciplinary practices that occur in many school districts, little attention is devoted to how students understand these practices in the larger context of their general school experiences. This research intends to fill the void in the literature that utilizes the experiences of students to understand inequitable discipline practices. The primary purpose of this study is to examine a selected group of "at-risk" African American male students' experiences and beliefs about disciplinary practices used in school.

New and growing demands to finite and fully allocated water resources in the semi-arid southwestern United States mean that existing water resources must be managed with increasing efficiency to minimize shortages and associated social conflict. Computer based simulations can provide a powerful tool to aid in policy related decisions. This dissertation describes the development of a simulation model of the Rio Grande surface water and groundwater system for use in scenario evaluation. The primary model goal is to integrate cross disciplinary science at a basin scale, and make it easily accessible to a wide range of stakeholders. To achieve this at a river basin scale, three existing groundwater models and one surface water model were simplified and combined in a system dynamics framework using the commercial software package Powersim Studio 2005. To this physical model, a simple human behavioral model and user interface was added. The resulting scenario evaluation tool runs 40 year simulations on a laptop computer in tens of seconds, with inputs that are easily changed by non-expert users via a graphic, user friendly interface.

Le présent travail de recherche analyse l’acte d’achat et fait une brèche dans la relation mystérieuse que nous développons avec les biens de consommation. En microéconomie et en sociologie de la consommation, on considère que le consommateur fait des choix rationnels, et ce à travers un processus d’achat (Langlois, 2002). Ce processus est divisé en cinq étapes : la reconnaissance du problème, la recherche d’informations, l’évaluation des alternatives en concurrence, le choix et l’analyse post-achat (Brée, 2004). Bien que l’étape du choix soit certainement l’étape charnière du processus, car elle détermine le choix final menant à l’achat, elle est souvent comprise comme l’aboutissement de calculs préalables et non comme un moment régi par ses propres dynamiques. Le paradigme dominant en matière de choix, la théorie du choix rationnel, avance que nous formulons nos choix en recourant à des calculs d’utilité. Nous évaluons rationnellement les options afin d’optimiser notre situation en sélectionnant le choix qui nous rapporte le plus en nous coûtant le moins (Abell, 1991). Par contre, certains critiques de la théorie du choix rationnel allèguent que la multiplicité de choix encouragée par notre société engendre un stress lors de l’achat qui embrouille le jugement menant au choix. Cela invite à considérer la singularité du moment menant au choix. Que se passe-t-il chez le consommateur lorsqu’il est mis en présence d’un objet? En vérité, les disciplines qui s’intéressent au comportement du consommateur éludent la présence de l’objet comme forme d’influence sur le jugement. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous entendons par la mise en présence le moment où un individu est en présence d’un objet spécifique ou d’une représentation d’un objet. Lorsque mis en présence de l’objet, le consommateur fera un jugement qui sera potentiellement relatif aux sensations de beauté (Hutcheson, 1991) et aux émotions provoquées par un objet spécifique. Ainsi, les sens « externes » (la vue, l’ouïe, l’odorat, le goût, le toucher) stimulent un sens « esthétique » : le sens interne de la beauté (Hutcheson, 1991). De plus, il peut survenir, en consommation, lors de la mise en présence que l’émotion prenne la forme d’un jugement (Nussbaum, 2001). On définit les émotions comme un état affectif situationnel dirigé vers une chose (Desmet, 2002). C’est ainsi que la recherche s’est articulé autour de l’hypothèse suivante : de quelle manière la mise en présence influence le jugement du consommateur pendant le processus d’achat? Nous avons mené une enquête inspirée d’une approche qualitative auprès de consommateurs dont les résultats sont ici exposés et discutés. L’enquête tente dans un premier temps de cerner l’impact de la mise en présence dans le processus d’achat. Puis, le récit de magasinage de quatre participants est analysé à l’aide d’éléments tels les critères de choix, les facteurs, les influences et les contraintes. L’enquête montre notamment que la mise en présence intervient et modifie le jugement du consommateur. L’analyse des entretiens met en avant une tendance chez nos participants à la scénarisation tout au long du processus d’achat et particulièrement lors des moments de mise en présence. Nous avons observé que les moments de mise en présence alimentent le scénario imaginé par le consommateur et lui permet de créer des scénarios de vie future en interaction avec certains biens de consommation. / This research investigates the purchasing moment and opens a breach in the mysterious relationship that we develop with consumer goods. Micro-economics and the sociology of consumption considers that the consumer makes rational choices through a buying process (Langlois, 2002). This process is divided into five stages: problem recognition, information search, evaluating alternative options, choice and post-purchase analysis (Bree, 2004). Although the stage of choice is certainly the turning point, because it determines the final choice leading to the purchase, it is often understood as the result of prior calculations and not as a moment governed by its own dynamics. The dominant paradigm in terms of choice, the rational choice theory, argues that we choose to optimize our situation by selecting the choice that gives us the most value for the least cost (Abell 1991). However, critics of the rational choice theory argue that the multiplicity of choices encouraged by our society generates stress when buying that confuses the judgment. This invites us to consider the uniqueness of the moment leading to the choice. What is happening in the consumer’s mind when it is in the presence of an object? In fact, the influence of the object’s presence on judgement is often not considered by the disciplines interested in consumer behavior. The presence refers to the moment when an individual is in the presence of a specific object or a representation of an object. When placed in contact with the object, the consumer will make an aesthetic judgment, and will experience emotion. Indeed, the judgment will be potentially related to sensations of beauty (Hutcheson, 1991), or to emotions caused by a specific object. Despite this, the aesthetic judgment is disregarded when it comes to influences on consumer choice. Also, it appears that emotion can occur when brought in presence of an object in consumption and generate an emotional judgment. We define emotions as an affective state revealed in a situational moment (Desmet, 2002). Thus, we developed the main research question: in what ways the presence of object can impact the consumer judgment during the buying process. We conducted a survey based on a qualitative approach with consumers and the results are presented and discussed here. This allows an opening on new research possibilities. The survey attempted initially to identify the impact of the presence of the object in the purchasing process. The shopping story of four participants is analyzed using elements such as criteria, factors, constraints and influences. The survey shows among other things that the moment of presence intervenes and modifies the consumer's judgment. The analysis of the interviews highlights a trend among our participants to create imagined scenarios throughout the buying process, especially during times of development presence. We observed that the moments of presence feeds the scenario and allows him to create future life scenarios based on the interactions with other consumer goods.

Šiuolaikinės edukologijos tendencijos siejamos su reikšmingų asmenybei kompetencijų ir gebėjimų ugdymu bei vystymu. Nuolat tobulėjančios informacinės technologijos ryškiai pakeitė mokymo ir mokymosi galimybes. Jų panaudojimas turi harmoningai derėti su gimtosios kalbos, literatūros, kultūros puoselėjimu. Pastarųjų metų kompiuterinės lingvistikos pasiekimai kartu su praėjusio šimtmečio kalbininkų ir tautosakos tyrinėtojų įžvalgomis sukuria naujas daug žadančias prielaidas informacinių technologijų panaudojimui kūrybingumui ugdyti. Darbe aptartos mokomosios kompiuterinės programos, skirtos lietuvių (gimtosios) kalbos ugdymui; išanalizuotas įvairių tautosakininkų stebuklinės pasakos morfologinis nagrinėjimas; apžvelgta kalbos kūrybinio ugdymo situacija Lietuvoje. Nustatyta, kad Lietuvos mokyklose yra kalbos kūrybinio ugdymo problema - mokiniai nemoka ir nenori kurti tekstų. Šiai problemai spręsti sukurta mokomoji kompiuterinė priemon��� ,,Pasakos scenarijus“, skirta žemesniųjų klasių mokiniams. Priemonė sukurta panaudojant kompiuterinį modeliavimą ir konstravimą. Pagal stebuklinės pasakos modelį iš tam tikrų struktūrinių dalių yra komponuojamas naujos pasakos scenarijus. Scenarijus išspausdinamas ir pagal jį mokinys sukuria pasaką. Mokomoji kompiuterinė programa sukurta FrontPage tinklapių kūrimo programa, panaudojant JavaScript programavimo kalbos elementus. Darbe pateikta programos naudojimo mokymo procese analizė ir pedagoginio eksperimento rezultatai. Atlikus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Modern education tendencies are closely related to education and development of meaningful competencies and capabilities. Constantly improving information technologies have definitely changed teaching and learning possibilities. Their application must be in harmony with the nurturance of the mother-tongue, literature and culture. The latest achievements of computer linguistics together with insights of linguists and folklore researchers of the last century give new promising prerequisites for application of information technologies to raise creativeness. The work discusses teaching computer programs designed for education of the Lithuanian (mother-tongue) language, presents the analysis on morphologic research of fairy-tales by different folklorists, and gives review of the situation on language creativity education in Lithuania. It has been defined that schools in Lithuania face the problem of language creative education – pupils cannot and do not want to create texts. To tackle the problem a teaching computer aid “Tale scenario“for pupils of the lower grades was designed. The aid was designed using computer modeling and construction. Based on the model of a fairy-tale a scenario of a new tale is composed from particular structural parts. The scenario is published and a pupil creates a tale on it. The teaching computer program is designed with FrontPage website creating program, using the elements of JavaScript programming language. The analysis of the program application in... [to full text]

Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas žurnalistų suvoktų ir rutininėje darbo praktikoje taikomų profesinių vertybių santykis su jų vykdoma informacijos ieškos, apdorojimo ir skelbimo veikla, šių plotmių neatitikimas, dėl ko tampa galimas manipuliacijos naudojimas ir žurnalistų dalyvavimas manipuliaciniuose scenarijuose. Darbe teoriškai pagrįstas žurnalistų profesinių vertybių tyrimas ir aptarti nacionalinės žiniasklaidos instituto galios kultūrinis ir ekonominis kontekstai. Atlikus empirinį tyrimą nustatyti vienpusio, abipusio ir mišraus poveikio komunikaciniai santykiai, išanalizuota sąveikos partnerių padėtis. Empirinio tyrimo duomenys leido nustatyti galimus žurnalistų manipuliacinio mentaliteto tipus. Atitinkamai buvo konstatuotas manipuliacijos vertinimo ir naudojimo santykis, fiksuotas komercinio intereso paskatintas manipuliacijos naudojimo ir žurnalistų atlyginimo dydžio ryšys, išnagrinėta manipuliacijos naudojimo dažnumo ir tokio elgesio sąmoningumo sąsaja, išanalizuotas manipuliacijos naudojimo dažnumo ir žurnalistų profesinėms vertybėms priešingo elgesio aktyvumo santykis. Darbe taip pat aptarta kintanti cenzūros ir šiuolaikinė žurnalistikos misijos samprata, nustatyta žurnalistų vieta naujienų vadybos manipuliaciniuose scenarijuose. Tyrimas leido padaryti išvadą, jog naujienų vadybos intervencija į naujienų gamybos procesą yra ekonominių veiksnių nulemto savanaudiškų žurnalistų ir šaltinių profesinių interesų proveržio pasekmė. Naujienų vadyba turi neigiamą poveikį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The problem investigated in the dissertation is the relationship between journalists’ understanding and practice of the professional values in their daily routines and the expansion of news management scenarios into the news production stages. Work presents theoretical framework for the analysis of the professional values as well as the analyses of the power of national media in cultural and economic contexts. Empirical research let to confirm the types of communicative relationships: that of the one-way effect, the mutual effect, and that of the hybrid effect and showed the dynamic position of the journalists during the social interactions of their professional activities. Types of possible manipulative mentality were distinguished in the work. A link between the evaluation of the manipulation and its use was found. The research also showed the relation between the use of the manipulation originated from the materialistic interest and the size of the journalists’ salaries. The connection between the frequency of the manipulation use and the awareness of the use was indicated. The ties between the rate of the manipulation use and the activeness of the contradictory to the professional values behavior were investigated. The research has permitted the detection of manipulative schemes. The use of the manipulation is more often along with the pragmatic professional values. The dissertation states that news management intervention to the news production process is influenced by... [to full text]

The problem investigated in the dissertation is the relationship between journalists’ understanding and practice of the professional values in their daily routines and the expansion of news management scenarios into the news production stages. Work presents theoretical framework for the analysis of the professional values as well as the analyses of the power of national media in cultural and economic contexts. Empirical research let to confirm the types of communicative relationships: that of the one-way effect, the mutual effect, and that of the hybrid effect and showed the dynamic position of the journalists during the social interactions of their professional activities. Types of possible manipulative mentality were distinguished in the work. A link between the evaluation of the manipulation and its use was found. The research also showed the relation between the use of the manipulation originated from the materialistic interest and the size of the journalists’ salaries. The connection between the frequency of the manipulation use and the awareness of the use was indicated. The ties between the rate of the manipulation use and the activeness of the contradictory to the professional values behavior were investigated. The research has permitted the detection of manipulative schemes. The use of the manipulation is more often along with the pragmatic professional values. The dissertation states that news management intervention to the news production process is influenced by... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas žurnalistų suvoktų ir rutininėje darbo praktikoje taikomų profesinių vertybių santykis su jų vykdoma informacijos ieškos, apdorojimo ir skelbimo veikla, šių plotmių neatitikimas, dėl ko tampa galimas manipuliacijos naudojimas ir žurnalistų dalyvavimas manipuliaciniuose scenarijuose. Darbe teoriškai pagrįstas žurnalistų profesinių vertybių tyrimas ir aptarti nacionalinės žiniasklaidos instituto galios kultūrinis ir ekonominis kontekstai. Atlikus empirinį tyrimą nustatyti vienpusio, abipusio ir mišraus poveikio komunikaciniai santykiai, išanalizuota sąveikos partnerių padėtis. Empirinio tyrimo duomenys leido nustatyti galimus žurnalistų manipuliacinio mentaliteto tipus. Atitinkamai buvo konstatuotas manipuliacijos vertinimo ir naudojimo santykis, fiksuotas komercinio intereso paskatintas manipuliacijos naudojimo ir žurnalistų atlyginimo dydžio ryšys, išnagrinėta manipuliacijos naudojimo dažnumo ir tokio elgesio sąmoningumo sąsaja, išanalizuotas manipuliacijos naudojimo dažnumo ir žurnalistų profesinėms vertybėms priešingo elgesio aktyvumo santykis. Darbe taip pat aptarta kintanti cenzūros ir šiuolaikinė žurnalistikos misijos samprata, nustatyta žurnalistų vieta naujienų vadybos manipuliaciniuose scenarijuose. Tyrimas leido padaryti išvadą, jog naujienų vadybos intervencija į naujienų gamybos procesą yra ekonominių veiksnių nulemto savanaudiškų žurnalistų ir šaltinių profesinių interesų proveržio pasekmė. Naujienų vadyba turi neigiamą poveikį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]