This paper deals with how seamen onboard merchant ships flying the Swedish flag apprehendthe culture, information and leisure possibilities that offer them by the Swedish GovernrnentSeamen's Service, HKF.The objective with this work is two folded: first of all suggest some actions to be taken inorder to improve the situation for seamen, based on the results from interviews with crewsonboard three merchant ships.Secondly, draw the attention to HKF's activity in general and to the activity of the SwedishSeamen's Library in particular, for people working within libraries.The result of this examination shows that people onboard really regards the service carriedout by HKF as very good in general, but there are some activities which hopefully can beimproved. However, perhaps the most important role can be played by the shipping companies,based on the wishes that came about from the seamen. These conclusions and discussion aredealt within chapter 8.

When he began his journal seaman Hugh Calhoun had high hopes for the outward-bound voyage ahead of him. Ship-of-the-Line Ohio was back from the Siege of Veracruz, being prepared for her next mission, and the War was at its height. The cruize, as he called it, did not turn out as eventful as he expected it to be and yet he was nevertheless able to produce a book which bountifully embodies a short but fruitful chapter of maritime literary history. Serio-Comic Journal of a Cruize, On Board of the U. S. Ship Ohio, Commencing from New York June 23d 1847, with its full name, is a shipboard diary kept by an ordinary seaman during the Mexican-American War. The 148-page manuscript volume, located at the archives of the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston, is a product of the maturity phase of American sea writing as Calhoun, self-consciously a Jack Tar and an American, was representing a trained, well-read and well-influenced generation of sailor-authors who lived and recorded the final years of America under sail. The past three decades have seen a progressive conceptual expansion of the themes involving the ways in which literate sailors viewed the world they lived in. Scholars of early American literature, maritime history and culture have explored the meanings and information provided in the textual products of seamen. Upon comparison with similar material found at the archives of maritime museums and historical societies, and discussions with leading maritime historians, Serio-Comic Journal proved to be a meaningful source text which, through scholarly treatment, can benefit research in multiple disciplines due to the significance of its production date and the diversity of the topics and literary forms found in it. This edition aims to provide related fields of study with a historically contextualized shipboard document in the light of these latest findings. The transcription of the complete text is presented with glossarial, historiographical and geographical notes, whereas the introductory chapters discuss several key subjects to form a framework for the better evaluation of not only the source text of the edition but the sea journal genre as a whole.

The impressment of American seamen by the Royal Navy was one of the most serious dilemmas faced by the United States during the early republic. Thousands of American citizens were forced into British naval service between 1793 and 1812. This dissertation uses a wide-variety of sources including seamen’s letters, newspapers, almshouse records, US Navy officer’s correspondence, and diplomatic communiqués, to demonstrate the widespread impact impressment had on American society. A sizable database on impressed Americans was created for this dissertation. The database was instrumental in some of this work’s most important theses. Drawing on an array of sources, such as newspaper reports, seamen appeals, and State Department reports, the database contains detailed information on thousands of men. Far more Americans were pressed in the Royal Navy than previously believed. While historians have long accepted that New England suffered most from impressment, in fact it was the mid-Atlantic states that lost the most mariners to the Royal Navy. Southern states were also impacted by impressment far more than anybody has realized. Seaman abductions profoundly affected American domestic, foreign, and naval affairs. Impressment influenced American culture and played a role in the African slavery debate of the early republic. Impressment also exacted a heavy toll on waterfront communities as wives and children struggled to adjust to life during the prolonged absence of the primary wage earner. Although the federal government attempted repeatedly to either legislate or negotiate a resolution to the impressment issue, all efforts were in vain. When James Madison prepared to lead the United States to war against Great Britain in 1812, the belligerence of impressment figured largely in his decision, as well as in Congressional support for war. Impressment has often been viewed as an issue of minor importance, confined largely to New England. In actuality, impressment was a national concern that impinged on a myriad of issues during the early American republic. / History

This paper investigates the social standing of båtsmän – Swedish navy seamen in the allotment system – who participated in the naval war against Russia in 1788–1790. The study examines the socioeconomic attainment and the social mobility among båtsmän recruited from two towns, Söderhamn and Hudiksvall. The main purpose of the study is to compare the image of the båtsmän presented by both representatives of the town council in Gävle (magistraten) and admiral Carl August Ehrenswärd, with the actual social position of the båtsmän from Söderhamn and Hudiksvall during the war 1788–1790. A number of sources are used. Achival records from the navy and the parishes are used to track the båtsmän and define their civilian social position before and after the war. The method is a demographic study based on family reconstruction. A comparison of the social structure of the båtsmän and the social structure of their parent generation is conducted, in order to discover any social mobility. A comparison between the inborn townsmen, the migrators born in the county, and the migrators born outside the county limit, is also conducted to detect any relationship between migration and social position. To answer the overarching question, why båtsmän are described as peasants and vagabonds by authorities, archival records from the parishes, the Office of the Chancellor of Justice, and the Krigskollegiet are used. The method is close reading of the documents, with a theoretical perspective based on Foucault’s theories of power and discipline The results of the study show a mismatch between the image presented by the authorities, and the social structure among the båtsmän. The majority of the 45 båtsmän had employment in the towns before they where enrolled. One third of the båtsmän where sailors before the war, a fact not noted in the General munster roll for 1788. There where also a number of manual workers and craftsmen, as well as some members of the bourgeoisie, who were enrolled. In this study, the social mobility between the båtsmän and the prior generation is strong. Half of a cohort of 35 båtsmän had a lower social position in comparison to their fathers, at the time of the war. Peasant’s sons with temporary jobs in towns were a clear example of social decline. The båtsmän that survived the war did not improve their occupational position when they returned to their civilian lives. Participating in the great victory at sea – the battle of Svensksund – 1790 did not benefit the båtsmän's occupational position. The image of the båtsmän as peasants and vagrants is based on the words of the navy and the bourgoise that has survived in the archives. It is the words of those in power, using the label of vagrancy as a tool to solve problems. This image represents a power structure and the struggle for power.

Diet is mentioned by many seamen as a subject of joy and aims to give nutritional value and sufficient energy to manage a long working day at sea. The purpose with this investigation is to examine if there is a need among seamen to receive more information about diet regulations onboard and if they wish that it was shaped differently to meet their demands. The study is based on a literature part where diet regulations are examined and an interview part with semi structured qualitative interviews with five seamen. The conclusion of the study indicates that seamen have limited knowledge about the enunciation of the regulation, where it is to be found and consider it to be imprecise. Interviews showed that seamen believe that variety is the most important factor in diet intake and it was this expression that they primarily wanted stated in the regulations. There are legitimate reasons to assume that Livsmedelsverket´s (compare NFA) recommendations also are applicable regarding diet at sea. A good diet is not only good for the individual’s health but also gains including safety and quality of work performed. / Kosten anges av många sjömän som ett glädjeämne ombord och ska ge den näring och energi som krävs för att orka med en lång arbetsdag på sjön. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det finns ett behov hos sjömän att få mera information om kostregleringen ombord och om de önskar att den vore utformad annorlunda för att möta deras krav. Arbetet baseras på en litteraturdel där kostregleringen undersöks och en intervjudel med semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fem sjömän.  Sammanfattningsvis tyder vår undersökning på att sjömän har bristande kännedom om regleringens utformning, var den återfinns samt anser att den är oprecis. Intervjuerna visade att sjömän anser att variation är den viktigaste faktorn i kostintaget och det var också detta uttryck som främst önskades framgå av regleringen. Det finns välmotiverade skäl att utgå från Livsmedelsverkets rekommendationer även på sjön. Ett bra kostintag är inte bara bra för individens hälsa utan ger också vinster i bland annat säkerheten och kvaliteten på utfört arbete.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nadja Maria Gomes Murta.pdf: 1969646 bytes, checksum: cc1f1d2f232612677c0d544ef2a972a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The reflection developed from three case studies - the food of the Portuguese seamen of the nineteenth century, the situation of food and nutritional security of a remaining quilombo community and food referred to black slaves in Brazil - seeks to show that the value (biological and cultural) attributed to food, is directly related to the notion of what is a healthy diet. With reference to the Portuguese Navy medical manuscripts, scientific books of that time and the narratives of travelers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, we seek to demonstrate that current scientific knowledge associated with the feeding habit of the European elite were the explanatory models adopted to disqualify foods and the food of the colonized, as well as the refusal, by the seamen, of the feed imposed to them. Moreover, it also occurs today because the prevalent biomedical model dismisses the value of ratings given to foods by traditional peoples, ignoring that some were taken as scientific to the early nineteenth century. For these and other reasons presented throughout this work, we conclude that it is necessary to adopt a critical look to the history of nutrition. A look valid for all professionals who work with food and nutrition of collectivities for those facing the past or those facing the current moment / A reflexão desenvolvida a partir de três estudos de casos a alimentação dos marinheiros portugueses do século XIX, a situação de segurança alimentar e nutricional de uma comunidade remanescente de quilombo e a alimentação referida ao escravo negro no Brasil busca demonstrar que o valor (biológico e cultural) atribuído ao alimento está diretamente relacionado à noção do que é uma alimentação saudável. Tendo como referência os manuscritos médicos da marinha portuguesa, os livros científicos da época e as narrativas de viajantes dos séculos XVIII e XIX, procuramos demonstrar que o conhecimento científico vigente associado ao hábito alimentar da elite europeia foram os modelos explicativos adotados para desqualificar os alimentos e a comida dos colonizados, bem como para a recusa, por parte dos marinheiros, da ração que lhes era imposta. Por outro lado, na atualidade ocorre o mesmo pois, o modelo biomédico prevalecente destitui de valor classificações dadas aos alimentos pelos povos tradicionais, desconsiderando que algumas foram tidas como científicas até o início do século XIX. Por estes e outros motivos apresentados ao longo desse trabalho, concluímos que se faz necessário adotar um olhar crítico frente à história da nutrição. Olhar válido para todos os profissionais que trabalham com a alimentação e a nutrição de coletividades sejam aqueles voltados para o passado ou aqueles voltados para o momento atual

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nadja Maria Gomes Murta.pdf: 1969646 bytes, checksum: cc1f1d2f232612677c0d544ef2a972a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The reflection developed from three case studies - the food of the Portuguese seamen of the nineteenth century, the situation of food and nutritional security of a remaining quilombo community and food referred to black slaves in Brazil - seeks to show that the value (biological and cultural) attributed to food, is directly related to the notion of what is a healthy diet. With reference to the Portuguese Navy medical manuscripts, scientific books of that time and the narratives of travelers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, we seek to demonstrate that current scientific knowledge associated with the feeding habit of the European elite were the explanatory models adopted to disqualify foods and the food of the colonized, as well as the refusal, by the seamen, of the feed imposed to them. Moreover, it also occurs today because the prevalent biomedical model dismisses the value of ratings given to foods by traditional peoples, ignoring that some were taken as scientific to the early nineteenth century. For these and other reasons presented throughout this work, we conclude that it is necessary to adopt a critical look to the history of nutrition. A look valid for all professionals who work with food and nutrition of collectivities for those facing the past or those facing the current moment / A reflexão desenvolvida a partir de três estudos de casos a alimentação dos marinheiros portugueses do século XIX, a situação de segurança alimentar e nutricional de uma comunidade remanescente de quilombo e a alimentação referida ao escravo negro no Brasil busca demonstrar que o valor (biológico e cultural) atribuído ao alimento está diretamente relacionado à noção do que é uma alimentação saudável. Tendo como referência os manuscritos médicos da marinha portuguesa, os livros científicos da época e as narrativas de viajantes dos séculos XVIII e XIX, procuramos demonstrar que o conhecimento científico vigente associado ao hábito alimentar da elite europeia foram os modelos explicativos adotados para desqualificar os alimentos e a comida dos colonizados, bem como para a recusa, por parte dos marinheiros, da ração que lhes era imposta. Por outro lado, na atualidade ocorre o mesmo pois, o modelo biomédico prevalecente destitui de valor classificações dadas aos alimentos pelos povos tradicionais, desconsiderando que algumas foram tidas como científicas até o início do século XIX. Por estes e outros motivos apresentados ao longo desse trabalho, concluímos que se faz necessário adotar um olhar crítico frente à história da nutrição. Olhar válido para todos os profissionais que trabalham com a alimentação e a nutrição de coletividades sejam aqueles voltados para o passado ou aqueles voltados para o momento atual

This thesis examines the impact of disease and mortality on the Royal Navy in the West Indies from 1770 to 1806. It also investigates the navy’s medical branch which was established to manage the care of sick seamen. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this thesis produces a cohesive understanding of how disease and mortality affected the navy’s presence in the West Indies and the ways in which the navy attempted to mitigate their impact. This thesis explores various aspects of naval medicine including the history of the Sick and Hurt Board, the diseases which distressed seamen, the medicines distributed by the navy, the key personnel who were integral in generating changes to the medical system and the development of hospital facilities. Largely based on Admiralty records including correspondence and minutes from the Sick and Hurt Board, ships’ muster books and surgeons’ journals, this thesis investigates the most prevalent diseases in the West Indies and the prescribed treatments advocated by the navy. It then examines how these diseases and treatments affected seamen on board ships in that region through a quantitative analysis; then focuses on a number of the integral naval personnel who ushered in sweeping changes to naval medicine; and explores the navy’s increasing desire to transition from hired sick quarters to purpose-built naval hospitals on various West Indies islands. It concludes with a case study of the development of Antigua naval hospital which demonstrates the effectiveness of these facilities in convalescing sick seamen. Through a quantitative analysis of ships’ muster books, this thesis argues that the levels of sickness and mortality in the navy in the West Indies during the late eighteenth century are largely exaggerated in historical studies while also discrediting the myth that those islands were the ‘white man’s graveyard’ for many naval personnel. By surveying over 100,000 seamen on board ships in that region, sickness and mortality figures emerge which indicate that, on average, less than 4 per cent of seamen were on the sick list at any given time and only a small percentage died, meaning that the majority remained on active duty. This thesis then argues that many of the changes to the navy’s medical system that facilitated such low percentages were primarily instigated by surgeons, physicians and captains who identified beneficial medicines and championed their general distribution among the entire fleet. By looking at these aspects of naval medicine through a multidisciplinary lens rather than a purely administrative one, it is possible to understand the true state of health of British seamen in the West Indies during the last quarter of the eighteenth century.

<p>Syftet med undersökningen var att försöka definiera vad sjömanseleverna i årskurs 2 och 3 på gymnasiet hade för framtidsplaner när det gällde fortsatt arbete till sjöss som matros, motorman. Dessutom undersöktes hur många som planerade att läsa vidare till sjökapten eller sjöingenjör, samt hur stort intresset av att söka arbete utomlands var bland eleverna. Undersökningen byggde på en kvantitativ metod där resultatet baserades på enkätsvar från fyra olika skolor och totalt 114 svarande elever. Intresset för att fortsätta arbeta som matros var något större än att arbeta som motorman. Majoriteten av de tillfrågade eleverna planerade vidare studier medan endast ett fåtal av de tillfrågade planerade att enbart fortsätta arbeta som matros och motorman. Närmare 80 % av de tillfrågade var intresserade av att söka arbete utomlands. Många av de tillfrågade planerade läsa vidare och frågan är hur branschen skall säkra tillväxten bland matroser och motormän i Sverige?</p> / <p>The purpose of this thesis has been to try and define future plans among merchant marine seamen students. Regarding work as able bodied seaman, oiler or to study to deck or engine officer. And also see the interest to apply for marine job positions outside Sweden for example in Norway. The thesis is based on a quantitative method where the result is based on an inquiry from four schools and answers from 114 students. The interest to continue working as able bodied seamen was higher than to continue working as oiler. The majority of the students planed deck or engine officer studies. Only a few of the students planed only to continue as able bodied seamen or oiler. Almost 80 % of the students answered they were interested to apply for marine job positions abroad. Many students planed further studies and the question is how the shipping business should secure the growth of Swedish merchant marine seamen?</p>

Arbetsuppgifterna på ett fartyg kan innefatta hård fysisk påfrestning samt arbete i mörker, påhög höjd och i slutna utrymmen vilket betyder att sjöfolk måste vara lämpliga för tjänstgöringen.De nationella reglerna för medicinsk lämplighet för sjöfolk skiljer sig trots att deninternationella standarden är densamma för alla. Syftet med denna rapport är att åskådliggöraskillnaderna mellan regelverken om läkarintyg för sjöfolk i de skandinaviska länderna ochundersöka historien bakom de svenska föreskrifterna.Vår slutsats är att det skulle gagna Sverige att återinföra Sjömansläkare, som troligtvis är merkompetenta än en icke specialiserad läkare vad gäller tjänstbarhetsbedömning för sjömän.Systemet med sjömansläkare är fortfarande i bruk och fungerar väl i både Danmark ochNorge.Slutligen sammanfattas rapporten av författarnas egna reflektioner kring ämnet i relation tillresultatet. Förslag till vidare forskning återfinns i slutet. / The duties onboard any ship include moments of hard physical labour, work in darkness, aloftand within enclosed spaces which means that a seafarer must be fit for duty. The nationalrequirements for medical fitness of seafarers differ between countries, although they are allbased on the same international standard. The aim of this report is to compare the differencesbetween the regulations concerning medical certificates for seafarers in the Scandinaviancountries and to investigate the history of the Swedish regulations.We conclude that Sweden would benefit from the reintroduction of the old system ofSeaman’s Doctors, who presumably are more competent than a doctor not specialized injudging the fitness of a seafarer. This system is still in operation and working well in bothDenmark and Norway.Finally this report consists of the authors’ own reflexions regarding the medical examinationsand certificates for seafarers. We also include a few suggestions for further research.