Learning words have shown to be a very crucial part of learning a second language and the one most important factor to make pupils with Swedish as a second language succeed in school. To make sure that all pupils get the right conditions to learn from all subjects and their entire content a wide vocabulary is necessary. Even so it is found that there are shortcomings regarding this kind of teaching in Swedish schools. Through interviews and observations of two teachers that teach pupils with Swedish as a second language, and also with a short reading test for the pupils, the possible strategies that these teachers use for learning words have been studied. The result shows that the teachers are using several strategies and that they are actively working with transmitting these to the pupils, but there are some areas that need developing.

The current thesis aims to explore issues regarding the development and support of second languages when two individuals from different linguistic backgrounds come together in romantic, intimate, and meaningful relationship. Based on a thorough conceptualisation of multilingual couplehood and its place within the interdisciplinary topic of intercultural relationships and marriage, this exploratory study seeks to highlight the issues pertaining to communication, and even more precisely, language, how this impacts individual and couple identity, and its significance in multilingual couple contexts The study and presentation of the research is built on the foundation of a relational philosophy of being and knowing, particularly in line with Gergen’s (2009) understanding of ‘being-in-relation’. Arguments are presented for a relational ontology and epistemology in hopes of identifying the merits of this perspective, and to promote what I consider a more fitting understanding of identity, relationships, and second language education. On this theoretical basis, the study adopts the qualitative methodological approach of narrative inquiry to investigate the meaning of language, relationship, and identity in the contexts of four self-identified multilingual couples currently living in the UK. Data was collected by means of three stage interviews: one with each individual of the couple and a final interview with both partners present. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and subjected to a two-stage narrative analysis. The findings have uncovered a wide variety of issues regarding intimate relationships and matters related to the development and support of second languages. While it is clear that each couple has differing attitudes and perceptions of multilingual couplehood, and ways of addressing them, there are some commonalities that have emerged, particularly in regards to the negotiation and sharing of languages, which has appeared to be a very complex issue in terms of the manifestation of language support and learning motivation within the couplehood. It has also been found that there are various ways in which partners develop and create their multilingual couple identities, which affects and also is affected by the linguistic and cultural identities of the individuals themselves. It is clear that second language development and support is a fundamentally relational process in the intimate context of couple relationships, as the detailed narratives of the couples and their linguistic journeys are highly revealing of what is clearly a complex, intricate, and relational ongoing process.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how preschool teachers in preschools inspired by the pedagogical philosophy of Reggio Emilia use aestheticforms of expression to support the Swedish language development of children that have Swedish as a second language. We want to know how these teachers incorporate aesthetics in the work with second language learners and how they use creative expressions as tools in this process. The study is based on a qualitative method focusing on interviews with five preschool teachers. The interviews were held in four different preschools in the county of Stockholm, all inspired by the pedagogical philosophy of Reggio Emilia and all located in multicultural areas. The results are analysed with the help of three theoretical perspectives: Dewey’s theories concerning experience, pedagogy and art, the socio-cultural perspective and social semiotics. The results of the study show that aesthetics are a vital part of the ReggioEmilia-preschools we have visited, though they aren’t always incorporated in the work with the second language learners. Second language development was stimulated through aestheticforms of expression in both planned and spontaneous activities, with the help of the preschool teachers. Aestheticexperiences were used as tools through their potential to include everyone and introduce multiple paths towards language development. Preschool teachers also experienced that their presence and listening skills were important in this process. As they, for example, named things and happenings around the children they scaffolded the children’s second language development.

This study was conducted in order to find out what translanguaging practices are used in an English learning multilingual classroom and how those practices can create scaffolding structures for the students’ language development. By attending a second language English class with adult multilingual students and conducting a structured observation it was possible to achieve gathered material sufficient to answer these questions. In class all the translaguaging incidents were written down and afterwards these incidents were structured into different themes to outline scaffolding structures. After analyzing the notes it was clear to see that in this particular class translanguaging was used as a strategy to develop supportive learning structures. The result shows the translanguaging practices correlation between teacher and students as well as in relation to different types of educational classroom applications. Besides those features the results show some indications about the spoken production of translanguaging.

I ett alltmer globaliserat samhälle har den svenska skolan utvecklats till en plats där människor med olika bakgrunder och språkliga erfarenheter möts. I den svenska skolan talas enligt Skolverket (2012) mellan 150–200 språk. Statistik från Skolverket (2022a) visar att 26 % av alla elever i grundskolan har utländsk bakgrund. Den svenska skolan har därav ett viktigt uppdrag att ge utrymme för flerspråkighet. Det är ett uppdrag som lärare i den svenska skolan kan uppfatta som svårt då de anser att de i flertal fall saknar kunskap och resurser (Fredriksson & Lindgren Eneflos, 2019). Studiens syfte är att studera hur lärare beskriver sina erfarenheter och arbetssätt i främjandet av flerspråkiga elevers språkutveckling i svenska. Studiens syfte besvaras utifrån följande forskningsfrågor:-Hur beskriver lärare sina erfarenheter av att undervisa flerspråkiga elever?-Vilka arbetssätt upplever lärare fungerar bäst för att främja flerspråkiga elevers utveckling i svenska språket? Datainsamlingen utgår ifrån en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Den insamlade datan baseras på fem intervjuer. Studiens teori utgår från det sociokulturella perspektivet, med utgångspunkt i hur kunskap uppstår i interaktion med andra. Resultatet i studien visar att lärarna har positiva erfarenheter av att undervisa flerspråkiga elever. Lärarna nämner även att det finns eventuella hinder i undervisningen med flerspråkiga elever. Dessutom visar resultaten att lärare använder sig av arbetssätt som möjliggör att eleverna får lära av varandra samt använda samtliga av sina språktillgångar. Det beskrivs att lärarna lägger stor vikt vid att skapa en förförståelse hos flerspråkiga elever samt att det ser ett behov av ett ökat samarbete med studiehandledare och modersmålslärare. / In an increasingly globalized society, the Swedish school has become a melting pot of individuals with diverse backgrounds and linguistic experiences. According to Skolverket (2012) there are today between 150–200 languages spoken in the Swedish schools. Statistics from Skolverket (2022a) indicate that 26% of primary students have a foreign background. Therefore, promoting multilingualism is an essential mission for the Swedish school. However, teachers may perceive this task as challenging due to the lack of knowledge and resources necessary to support multilingual students (Fredriksson & Lindgren Eneflos, 2009). The purpose of this study is to investigate how teachers describe their experiences of teaching multilingual students in Swedish and which working methods they perceive work best to support their linguistic development. The study is answered based on the following research questions: - How do teachers describe their experiences of teaching multilingual students? - Which methods do teachers feel work best to promote multilingual students’ development in the Swedish language? The data collection is based on a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. The collected data is based on five interviews. The sociocultural theory serves as the theoretical framework for this study. It emphasizes how knowledge is best acquired through interaction with others. The results of the study demonstrate that the teachers have positive experiences of teaching multilingual students. However, they also cite possible obstacles in teaching multilingual students. Furthermore, the results show that teachers use working methods that enable students to learn from each other and use all their language resources. It is described that the teachers attach great importance to creating an understanding among multilingual students and that there is a need for greater cooperation with study tutors and native language teachers.

No description available.

Idag är en stor andel av eleverna i svensk skola flerspråkiga. Lärarna måste alltså räkna med att eleverna i klassen behärskar svenska språket i varierande grad. Forskning visar att för att andraspråkselever ska få samma chans som förstaspråkselever att mötas utifrån sina förutsättningar och behov, krävs att alla lärare har kunskaper om hur andraspråksutveckling går till och hur man kan planera och genomföra undervisning som är samtidigt språkutvecklande och kunskapsutvecklande. Men lärarutbildningen prioriterar inte dessa ämnen. Inte heller finns det några formella krav på att grundlärare ska ha dessa kunskaper.   Genom intervjuer med två lärare i årskurs tre undersöks i föreliggande studie hur stor betydelse lärarnas eget driv har för att skapa förutsättningar för en framgångsrik språk- och kunskapsutveckling för andraspråkselever. Resultatet visar att lärarnas eget intresse och engagemang har en nyckelroll i detta. / A large percentage of students in Swedish schools today are multilingual. Consequently teachers must expect varying degrees of Swedish language proficiency of the students in the classroom. Research shows that in order to give second language students the same chance of being met on the basis of their capacities and needs as students with Swedish as their first language have, it is important that all teachers have knowledge of second language development as well as of educational planning and implementation that is developing both language and subject-matter knowledge. Regardless of this finding the teacher education programme does not prioritize these subjects; nor are there any formal requirements that primary school teachers should have these skill sets.   In this study interviews were conducted with two third grade teachers to probe the significance of the teacher's own enthusiasm in creating optimal conditions for the development of the student's language skills and learning. The results show that the teachers' own interest and commitment play a key role in this matter.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur några lärare i grundskolan beskriver flerspråkiga elevers hinder och möjligheter i sin andraspråksutveckling i svenska och försöka förstå hur de arbetar med dessa elevers språkutveckling. Denna studie bidrar med kunskap och förståelse kring: andraspråkselevers språkutveckling, deras dubbla uppgifter att både lära sig undervisningsspråket och innehållet, hur vi tillsammans i skolans värld kan undanröja hinder och möjliggöra en god språk- och kunskapsutveckling. Data har samlats in genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer med fyra lärare som tillsammans representerar tre skolområden. Undersökningen är kvalitativ med en sociokulturell ansats där språket, redskapens redskap, står i fokus. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten att lärarna lägger stor vikt vid undervisning av ord, begrepp och förståelse. Tid och engagemang läggs på att: skapa relationer med eleverna, planera upp och bedriva språkförebyggande undervisning, som de ser gynnar och har betydelse för andraspråkselevers språkutveckling i svenska. Detta resultat framkommer även i andra studier som jag tagit del av. Med flerspråkiga elever menas elever som lär sig behärska fler än ett språk. Begreppen förstaspråk och andraspråk förkortas L1 och L2. Där L står för language och handlar om den ordningsföljd barnet lär sig språket, och har inget att göra med behärskningsgraden (Abrahamsson & Bylund, 2012). / The purpose of the study is to investigate how some teachers in primary school describes multilingual students’ obstacles and opportunities in their second language development in Swedish and try to understand how the teachers work with these students' language development. This study contributes with knowledge and understanding of: second language learners’ language development, their dual assignment to both learn the language and content, how we in education can remove barriers and allow a good language- and knowledge-development. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with four teachers who together represent three school areas. The study is qualitative with a socio-cultural approach in which language, the gear tools, are the focus. In summary, the results show that the teachers put great emphasis in teaching words, concepts and understanding. Time and dedication is put on: creating relations with the students, planning and conduct up language teaching prevention, which they see benefits and are important for second language learners’ language development in Swedish. This result is also indicated in other studies that I have read. Multilingual pupils mean students learning to master more than one language. The terms First language and Second language shortened L1 and L2. Where L stands for language and the figure is about the order the child learns the language, and has nothing to do with mastery level (Abrahamsson & Bylund, 2012).

<p>Peer response is a method which is widely used on higher levels of second-language learning in Sweden, such as universities. The approach is not used as much in upper secondary school; and, the aim of this paper is to investigate upper secondary students' opinions of the value of peer response. The aim is also to investigate if the teacher's grading differed between the first version of a text and the final vesrion that had been revised after peer response.</p><p>Research has shown that there seems to be more negotiation of meaning when students are working collaboratively and this can lead to better revisions of written texts, especially in terms of content development. On the other hand, collaborative writing can also create anxiety in some students who therefore dislike peer response. This investigation has shown that students taking part in the investigation are generally positive towards the approach. They also believe that giving and receiving feedback can help them improve their writing. There are, however, a few students who dislike it and want the texts to be read only by the teacher. The investigation has also shown that students mainly focus on formal aspects such as spelling and grammar when giving feedback to each other, whereas content was rarely commented on. Moreover, the results have shown that many of the students' grades improved on the final version compared to the first version. In conclusion, this investigation indicates that peer response could be used as an alternative, or complement, to ordinary teacher-student feedback in upper secondary school.</p>

Peer response is a method which is widely used on higher levels of second-language learning in Sweden, such as universities. The approach is not used as much in upper secondary school; and, the aim of this paper is to investigate upper secondary students' opinions of the value of peer response. The aim is also to investigate if the teacher's grading differed between the first version of a text and the final vesrion that had been revised after peer response. Research has shown that there seems to be more negotiation of meaning when students are working collaboratively and this can lead to better revisions of written texts, especially in terms of content development. On the other hand, collaborative writing can also create anxiety in some students who therefore dislike peer response. This investigation has shown that students taking part in the investigation are generally positive towards the approach. They also believe that giving and receiving feedback can help them improve their writing. There are, however, a few students who dislike it and want the texts to be read only by the teacher. The investigation has also shown that students mainly focus on formal aspects such as spelling and grammar when giving feedback to each other, whereas content was rarely commented on. Moreover, the results have shown that many of the students' grades improved on the final version compared to the first version. In conclusion, this investigation indicates that peer response could be used as an alternative, or complement, to ordinary teacher-student feedback in upper secondary school.