A pesquisa a seguir teve como objetivo principal mensurar o investimento em educação, Ensino Fundamental e Médio, no Estado de São Paulo no período de 1986-2003. Ao investigar o Balanço Geral do Estado de São Paulo, criou-se uma série histórica que permitiu analisar o comportamento dos dados e o perfil gráfico da despesa dos governos destinada à Secretaria da Educação. Essa verba foi redistribuída Às unidades orçamentárias, que são as subsecretarias submetidas à Secretaria da Educação, responsáveis pela ação direta no sistema educacional do Estado de São Paulo. Para ambos os casos, utilizou-se os métodos de análise quantitativa. Os aspectos econômicos foram observados pela ótica da teoria do capital humano. Para tanto, buscou-se descrever a trajetória da teoria, seus conceitos e sua importância na história recente da educação paulista. A disposição dos dados e o levantamento do número de matrícula permitiram ainda aferir o valor custo-aluno ano e mês, e a participação de cada unidade orçamentária na composição deste custo. Assim, foi possível comparar o valor do investimento, custo-aluno , em capital humano público e capital humano privado. A pesquisa também analisou aspectos históricos, as mudanças, as continuidades da educação paulista e as características da política educacional de cada governo no período / The following research aimed to measure the investment in education, elementary and secondary degree education at the state of São Paulo in the period 1986-2003 . When investigating an Overall Picture (Budget) of the state of São Paulo it was engendered a historical series that allowed us to analyze the behavior of the data and the chart listing the expenditure of governments intended for local Secretary of Education . That resorce was redistributed to budgetary units , which was submitted to the secretariats Secretary of Education responsible for direct action in the educational system of the state of São Paulo . For both cases we used the methods of quantitative analysis . The economic aspects from the perspective of human capital theory were observed . To this purpose, we sought to describe the trajectory of the theory , its concepts and its importance in the recent history of São Paulo education. The provision of data and raising the number of registrations allowed further assess to the cost per student year and month , and the participation of each budgetary unit in the composition of such cost value. Thus, it was possible to compare the value of the investment cost per student both in public and private human capital . The survey also examined some historical aspects , changes , continuities of São Paulo education and the characteristics of the educational policy in each government in the period

Submitted by Cirlene Souza (cirlenebotelhodesouza@gmail.com) on 2012-12-05T13:09:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO VERSÃO FINAL - ENVIADA PARA BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL.pdf: 3773277 bytes, checksum: 168a69ec6abca12cb7ecd5409ff11609 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-12-06T18:00:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO VERSÃO FINAL - ENVIADA PARA BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL.pdf: 3773277 bytes, checksum: 168a69ec6abca12cb7ecd5409ff11609 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-12-07T11:00:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO VERSÃO FINAL - ENVIADA PARA BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL.pdf: 3773277 bytes, checksum: 168a69ec6abca12cb7ecd5409ff11609 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-07T11:00:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO VERSÃO FINAL - ENVIADA PARA BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL.pdf: 3773277 bytes, checksum: 168a69ec6abca12cb7ecd5409ff11609 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-04 / A pesquisa realizada abordou as relações entre Estado e sociedade, destacando a democracia como precursora de uma gestão participativa onde a sociedade interage com a gestão pública, onde a decisão compartilhada esteja voltada para o bem comum, a gestão social. Mostrou a evolução da administração pública, investigando mais precisamente a história das Ouvidorias como sendo um dos instrumentos dessa democracia crescente. O papel que as ouvidorias públicas, em especial a Ouvidoria Fazendária do Estado de Pernambuco desempenha na relação entre o cidadão e a gestão pública e a história da SEFAZ-PE – Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de Pernambuco foram alvo de sua reflexão. Os resultados dos seus estudos baseados na literatura sobre o tema e na experiência da Ouvidoria Fazendária demonstram até que ponto estes órgãos são representantes da sociedade, contribuindo para a conscientização da participação cidadã na administração pública e no processo de tomada de decisão do gestor público. Quanto à metodologia, a pesquisa foi descritiva, explicativa, bibliográfica, documental e de campo. O universo foi composto pelos cidadãos que efetuaram reclamação à Ouvidoria Fazendária do Estado de Pernambuco no ano de 2011 e os servidores do que trabalhavam no setor estudado. Os dados foram coletados através da realização de entrevistas aos funcionários do órgão e questionários enviados por email aos reclamantes, sendo tratados com abordagem qualitativa e estatística descritiva. Verificou-se com os resultados obtidos que os cidadãos usuários da Ouvidoria Fazendária reconhecem que ela representa um canal de participação, um exemplo prático de gestão social entre o cidadão e a gestão pública da SEFAZ-PE. O estudo sugere uma análise da melhoria da qualidade da gestão da Secretaria da Fazenda de PE aliada ao papel atuante da Ouvidoria Fazendária. / The research addressed the relationship between state and society, emphasizing democracy as a precursor to a participative management in which society interacts with the public administration, where the shared decision faces the common good, the social management. It showed the evolution of the public administration, investigating more precisely the history of the Ombudsman as an instrument of this growing democracy. The role that the public ombudsman, in particular the Treasury Ombudsman of the State of Pernambuco play in the relationship between citizens and public administration and the history of SEFAZ-PE – Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de Pernambuco were the target of its reflection. The results of their studies based on literature on the subject and the experience of the Treasury Ombudsman demonstrate the extent to which these agencies are representatives of society, contributing to the awareness of citizen participation in public administration and decision-making process of public management. Regarding the methodology, the research was descriptive, explanatory, bibliographic, documental and field. The universe was composed by the citizens who made complaints to the Treasury Ombudsman of the state of Pernambuco in 2011 and servers working in the studied sector. The data were collected by conducting interviews with agency officials and questionnaires sent by email to the complainants, being treated with a qualitative approach and descriptive statistics. It was observed with the results that citizens users of the Treasury Ombudsman recognize that it represents a participation channel, a practical example of social management between the citizen and the public management of SEFAZ-PE. The study suggests an analysis of quality improvement of the management of the Secretary of Treasury of PE coupled with the active role of the Treasury Ombudsman.

This thesis explores the role and effectiveness of police authorities in connecting policing and the citizen and in increasing the citizen's involvement in the delivery of their policing service. The thesis examines: police authorities in the context of citizenship and in relation to accountability; and whether the operational function of law enforcement, the original charge of Keeping the Kings Peace and policing by consent - can work homogenously within a system characterised by both active and passive citizenry. Individual chapters discuss whether police authorities have sufficient power, whether the home secretary and chief constable have too much power, and the propensity of police authorities to demand answers and call the police service to account. As history shows, it is possible to have a police service carrying out policing functions in the absence of a police authority performing a scrutiny function; but it would be impossible to have a police authority without a police service. Therefore, the thesis argues that the added value, the relevance and the effectiveness of police authorities needs to be unambiguous.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-09-28T14:22:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria do Carmo Assis Todorov.pdf: 1756641 bytes, checksum: ed7a3f72acb1bd351ecf957f7fa8a327 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T14:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria do Carmo Assis Todorov.pdf: 1756641 bytes, checksum: ed7a3f72acb1bd351ecf957f7fa8a327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / In the latest decades, the search for competitive advantage has driven organizations to focus on project management. To succeed in this endeavor it is necessary the development of project team competences. Communication hurdles and the needs for leadership in project management are the main reasons that compromise the project success. Like in project management, the executive secretary functions evolved up to acquire capabilities to contribute with new mechanisms/routines to improve project processes, including socio-environmental projects. Considering that executive Secretary is a reliable allied to improve project communication in project teams, this research concentrates on the analysis of project manager’s perception regarding the executive Secretary’s contributions to, socio-environmental project management. In order to assure the possibility to relate executive Secretary’s competences with project’s team competences, one used the list of competences from National Curriculum Guideline of executive Secretary Program and the set of competences proposed by the International Project Management Association, to build a theoretical model, that was evaluated through structural modeling equations. Results show that executive Secretary competences adhere and contribute to improve project team management, allowing for an effective socio-environmental project management. Therefore, project managers can use executive Secretary to boost project success. The study also show contributions to executive Secretary undergraduate programs, pinpointing which competences need a better attention for student’s professional profile development. Results also show that some competences needing improvement are acquired during the executive secretary professional formation, requiring, therefore, that practicing project executive secretaries do hold a major in executive secretary. / Nas últimas décadas, a busca da vantagem competitiva levou as organizações a se preocuparem com o gerenciamento de projetos Para o sucesso do projeto é necessário o desenvolvimento das competências da equipe de projetos. As dificuldades de comunicação e a falta de liderança durante o processo são apontadas entre as razões que comprometem o sucesso do projeto. Do mesmo modo que a gestão de projetos o Secretário Executivo também evoluiu e se capacitou para contribuir com novos mecanismos/rotinas para a melhoria dos processos em projetos, inclusive em projetos socioambientais. Considerando que o Secretário Executivo pode ser um forte aliado para melhorar inclusive a comunicação, nas equipes de projetos, nesta pesquisa se propôs a analisar qual a percepção do gerente de projetos quanto a contribuição do Secretário Executivo na gestão de projetos socioambientais. De forma a relacionar as competências do Secretário Executivo com as competências da equipe de projetos, optou-se por utilizar as competências das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Secretariado Executivo e o olho de competências proposto pela International Project Management Association, para a construção de um modelo teórico, que foi analisado por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados demonstraram que as competências do Secretário Executivo são aderentes e contributivas na equipe de gestão de projetos, que permite uma gestão eficaz de projetos, inclusive socioambientais. Com este resultado, constatou-se que os gerentes de projetos poderão buscar no SE um apoio para alcançar o sucesso dos projetos. O estudo também apresentou contribuições para os cursos de graduação em secretariado, apontando competências que necessitam de melhor atenção para formação dos estudantes de secretariado. Os resultados mostraram ainda que das competências que precisam ser aperfeiçoadas são aprendidas na formação do profissional, sendo assim, é fundamental que esse profissional seja graduado em secretariado.

Syftet med uppsatsen är dels att undersöka socialsekreterares upplevelser av stödinsatser till personer med missbruksproblem, med särskilt fokus på tillämpningen av tvångslagstiftningen Lag (1988:870) om vård av missbrukare i vissa fall (LVM), dels huruvida socialsekreterare upplever etiska dilemman vid bedömning av LVM och hur sådana dilemman kan hanteras. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ studie där totalt sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med socialsekreterare i olika kommuner i Sverige. Genom en tematisk analys, har vårt empiriska material analyserats. Teman som framkom var handlingsutrymme utifrånRiktlinjer och samarbete, Bedömning av helheten, Motivationsarbete, Tankar om tolkningsutrymme samt vård och Etiska dilemman. Det empiriska materialet har även analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning och teoretiska begrepp, det vill säga gräsrotsbyråkrati och handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visade att socialsekreterarna upplevde att samarbete med kollegor, teamledare och chefer var viktigt vid inledning av LVM. Vidare menade de intervjuade socialsekreterarna att riktlinjer och lagtext tydliggör när tvångsomhändertagande ska tillämpas. De uppgav dock att lagtexten är en svårighet på grund av tolkningsutrymmet. Etiska dilemman som lyftes av socialsekreterarna hängde samman med att klientens självbestämmanderätt försvinner vid tillämpning av LVM, samtidigt som klientens liv är i fara om LVM inte tillämpas. / The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of social secretaries, in support measures for people with substance abuse problems, with special focus on the application of the law Lag (1988:870) om vård av missbrukare i vissa fall (LVM). Additionally we examined potential ethical dilemmas and how these are handled by the social secretary. The study is based on a qualitative study where a total of six semi-structured interviews were conducted with social secretaries from different municipalities in Sweden. Through a thematic analysis, our empirical material was analyzed. Themes that emerged were Room for maneuver based on guidelines and laws, The overall assessment, Motivational work, Thoughts on room for interpretation, Care and Ethical dilemmas. The empirical material has been analyzed with the help of previous research and theoretical concepts. The results showed that the participants' collaboration with colleagues, team leaders and managers was important when initiating compulsory care. Further, the respondents emphasized that guidelines and legislation clarify when compulsory treatment is to be applied. However, the social secretaries stated that there were difficulties with the scope for interpretation. An ethical dilemma highlighted by the social secretaries was that the client's right to self- determination disappears when applying LVM, at the same time as the client's life is in danger if LVM is not applied.

Socialsekreterares psykosociala arbetsmiljö grundar sig på individens sammantagna upplevelse av allting som omfattar individen på arbetsplatsen. Tidigare forskning och utredningar visar att socialsekreterares arbetsvillkor kännetecknas av hög arbetsbelastning, höga krav, bristande stöd och vägledning, hög personalomsättning och arbetsrelaterad stress. Utifrån tidigare forskning är många idag både medvetna och upplysta om vilka faktorer som bidrar till att skapa friska, välmående medarbetare och organisationer samt hur man bör arbeta för att främja god psykosocial hälsa i organisationerna. Trots medvetenheten påvisar risken för höga ohälsotal att pika i en negativ riktning. Ambitionen med studien är att undersöka och nå förståelse för hur socialsekreterare upplever sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö under den rådande pandemin Covid-19 för att få en inblick i hur arbetsmiljön upplevs i en kris som pandemin bär med sig. De teorier som valts ut för att analysera studiens resultat är Robert Karasek och Töres Theorells krav-kontroll-stödmodell samt modellen känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) utvecklad av Aaron Antonovsky. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex socialsekreterare från barn- och ungdomsenheten och har genom en tematisk analys som analysmetod, tolkat och kategoriserat insamlade empirin. Resultatet visar att den psykosociala arbetsmiljön upplevs som avsevärt positiv trots de omställningar pandemin Covid-19 burit med sig. Den främst bidragande faktorn för god upplevd psykosocial arbetsmiljö under Covid-19 är det sociala stödet. Socialsekreterarna omges av ett gott socialt stöd på sin arbetsplats från både kollegor, arbetsledning och chef. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultatet att det föreligger en rimlig kravnivå på arbetsplatsen, kontroll i och över arbetsuppgifterna samt en hög nivå av socialt stöd som bidrar till skapandet av tillfredsställelse och en god psykosocial arbetsmiljö under pandemin Covid-19. / Many different studies have been made about social workers, their working conditions and working environment. Previous studies show that high workload, high demands, low social support and employee turnover is very common for the social services and indeed for the social workers. These working conditions tend to lead to stress and illness among the social workers. Today most organizations are aware of methods that build a healthy organization and healthy employees. Despite this, illness and stress tend to increase. The purpose of our study is to examine and gain an understanding of how social workers experience their psychosocial work environment during the current pandemic Covid-19. To investigate this, we chose a qualitative method and used semi structured interviews. Six social workers were interviewed. Two theories have been selected to analyze the results of the studie, Robert Karasek and Töres Theorell’s demand-control-support model and Aaron Antonovsky’s sense of coherence model. The result of our study shows that the psychosocial work environment among the social workers is perceived as significantly positive despite the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. The main contributing factor that tends to create a good psychosocial work environment during the Covid-19 pandemic is social support, both from colleagues, the management and managers. In summary, the results show that there is a reasonable level of demands in the workplace. The social workers have a high control over and in their work and experience a high amount of social support. This leads to a good psychosocial work environment and high work satisfaction among the social workers during Covid-19.

Activity of Ecclesiastical Secretaries at Šumperk region till 1968. The thesis comprises of activities of ecclesiastical secretaries in Šumperk district. The frame of the work covers period from year 1948 till 1968. After a breaf description of situation in Olomouc diocese after February 1948, the text follows territorial delimination of Šumperk district during fifties and sixties. Then it takes a closer look at influence of secretaries during specific years and from their reports to the senior authority it's trying to determine the most important events and problems of roman catholic church at that time. Special part belongs to religious teaching (connected with difficulties of joining this subject) and antireligious propaganda, therefore atheistic education. Further the text follows litigations of priests, that were unlawfully sentenced and imprisoned based on fabricated cases of communist regime. Even though these were local cases, that no one knew about past the district borders, it is worthwhile mentioning them as they substantially influenced lives of these priest. Last but not least the attention is brought to persons of ecclesiastical secretaries and priests, that had to try to get on under the pressure despite being on oposite sides of the barricade.

The social welfare committee has a responsibility to work with children and young people to prevent them from being harmed. In many municipalities, preventive work is carried out through an activity known as field work. More than half of Sweden's municipalities have field activities, but how the work is organized differs between municipalities. The purpose of the study is to investigate fieldworkers views and working methods in order to increase the understanding of fieldworkers goals and the conditions required to achieve these goals. The study is based on a qualitative approach with semi- structured interviews as a data collection method. Ten social workers with fieldwork as their explicit task have been interviewed about their perceptions and working methods. Analysis of their statements has then been made based on Bronfenbrenner's developmental ecological model, Askheim & Starrin's theory of Empowerment and Starrin's theory of Paternalism. The results of the study show that the fieldworkers goal is to discover the needs of young people, motivate them to help and create a long-term well-being of the individuals they meet. Fieldworkers believe that academic education, social skills and cooperation with others are important prerequisites for achieving these goals. In addition, it is important to have the trust of their organization, as the profession requires flexibility and results are difficult to demonstrate. The fieldworker strikes a balance between helping and controlling, aiming to help young people make wise choices and create long-term well-being.

Tidigare forskning har visat att det förekommer brister i samverkan mellan socialtjänsten och andra professioner utifrån att det inte finns en gemensam bild av barnet och den unges svårigheter. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur socialsekreterare på socialförvaltningen och biståndshandläggare på vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen LSS upplever samverkan i ärenden som rör barn och unga med NPF- diagnoser. Detta är en samverkansuppsats med socialförvaltningens barn och ungdomsenhet vilket innebär att vi har slagit ihop vår idé om det ämne vi från början tänkt att skriva om tillsammans med förvaltningen. För att uppnå syftet harvi genomfört en intervjustudie med åtta antal yrkesverksamma i olika verksamheter. Studiensempiriska material är analyserat med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys samt samverkansteori och Lipksys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrati. Av resultatet framkommer det att handläggarna från respektive förvaltning upplever hinder i samverkan mellan varandra utifrån organisationens olika regelverk samt utifrån handläggarnas olika synsätt om varandras arbeten. Resultatet visar ocksåatt handläggare från respektive förvaltning upplever att det finns behov av samverkan mellan varandra i vissa ärenden som rör barn och unga med olika NPF- diagnoser. Detta för att tillsammans kunna tillgodose klientens behov genom att arbeta utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv. Dessutom skildrar resultatet i hur intervjupersonerna menar att samverkan kan stärkas, då handläggarna berättar att ökad kommunikation mellan förvaltningarna ökar kunskap hos handläggare om varandras arbeten vilket resulterar i att förbättra förutsättningarna för samverkan.

The diploma thesis concerns itself with a struggle of the administration of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia to deal with the consequences of the German action of 17th November, when as a revenge for previous demonstrations Czech universities in the Protectorate were closed and more than a thousand of their students were arrested and sent to concentration camps in Germany. The thesis is divided into 4 main chapters. The first one concerns itself concisely with reasons, course and immediate consequences of the German "Special action of 17th November 1939". The content of the second chapter is formed by an exposition of a struggle to achieve liberation of the jailed students and their comeback home that was realised by the interventions of the state president Hácha and the Protectorate government at the representatives of the occupation regime; and then an inquest of their tactics and its successfulness at these interventions. A topic of the next chapter is a description and an analysis of the problems accompanying the closure of Czech universities, with which the Protectorate government was also forced to deal. Among them there were for example a placement of the students, who were not jailed but prevented from continuing in their studies and whom the Protectorate government strove to protect...