Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2013-12-11T18:14:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Silva, Thiago-Dissert-2013.pdf: 1238016 bytes, checksum: 710c5e20b734029134781713bfd52bdd (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-11T18:14:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Silva, Thiago-Dissert-2013.pdf: 1238016 bytes, checksum: 710c5e20b734029134781713bfd52bdd (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Esta dissertação analisa especificamente o cargo de secretário de governo no centro-sul da América Portuguesa. O corte cronológico se dá entre 1688 (ano da criação do cargo para Angola) e 1750, ano que inicia uma década onde os secretários tiveram uma menor atuação. O texto toca no fenômeno do recrudescimento da escrita enquanto mecanismo de governo, discutindo o surgimento de poderosos secretários de Estado na Península Ibérica. Sobre os secretários que atuaram na América, foco da pesquisa, são discutidas suas carreiras, méritos, missões e os trabalhos cotidianos destes homens. Especial análise se dá sobre a relação destes funcionários especializados nos papéis com seus poderosos governadores. / This dissertation addresses the position of secretary of government in the Center-South zone of Portuguese America. It will be focused on the period between 1688 (when the same bureaucratic role was implemented in Angola) and 1750 – when the role played by this historical character begins to fade in importance. The text underlines the decrease of writing form usage as a administrative arrangement. The dissertation also debates the carriers, merits, missions and everyday life of the secretaries that worked in America. Our analysis is specially focused on the relations between these paperwork specialized officials with their powerful governors.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze whether there are any differences in how the two American presidential administrations of Clinton and Obama have formed their foreign policy, in regards to North Korea. In order to carry out my analysis I have gathered relevant material from public statements made by Presidents Clinton and Obama, as well as their respective Secretaries of Defense. My theoretical framework consists of constructivism, and of doctrine. The material is then presented and illustrated with the help of word clouds. The conclusions I have been able to reach show that there were different foreign policy doctrines between Presidents Clinton and Obama. President Clinton’s administration was more focused on preventing North Korea from becoming a nuclear state, whereas the administration of President Obama needed to prevent the North Koreans from using their nuclear arsenal.

Entablure entre les pouvoirs exécutif et législatif, et donc organe administratif essentiel au fonctionnement de tout État moderne, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement est pourtant une des institutions administratives françaises les plus méconnues.Existant dans tous les pays, sous des formes très variées, depuis plus ou moins longtemps, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement est apparu en France dès la Révolution de 1789, le Directoire entérinant sa création par le Comité de salut public. Il s’est maintenu de manière quasi ininterrompue jusqu’à aujourd’hui, jouant un rôle d’autant plus actif que l’instabilité politique était forte. Sous la IVème République, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement et son secrétaire général ont assuré la permanence de l’État, en compensant l’instabilité chronique du politique.Le positionnement du Secrétariat général auprès du Premier ministre induit la question de sa nature, politique ou administrative. Car le choix n’a pas toujours été fait d’y nommer un haut fonctionnaire neutre et étranger au pouvoir politique, de l’Empire au Front populaire.Dans sa forme moderne, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement, qui s’est progressivement structuré en une administration peu nombreuse, de très haut niveau et stable, est bien un organe administratif : la permanence exceptionnelle des secrétaires généraux le montre parfaitement.Sous la Vème République, la stabilité du pouvoir politique ne l’a pas affaibli. Son rôle d’organisateur du Conseil des ministres a été conforté. Au-delà de sa fonction de coordination du travail gouvernemental, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement exerce aujourd’hui de nouvelles missions, comme la défense de la loi devant le Conseil constitutionnel, le suivi de l’application des lois. En outre, le Secrétariat général du Gouvernement a développé sa fonction d’intermédiaire entre le Parlement et le Gouvernement.Preuve de l’importance du Secrétariat général du Gouvernement, la tendance récente à le tenir en dehors du processus décisionnel altère fortement l’efficacité de l’État. / The French Cabinet secretariat, pivot of executive and legislative powers, and therefore being a necessary administrative organ to the operating of any modern State, is still one of the lesser known French administrative structure.Having existed in varied forms in all countries, the Cabinet secretariat appeared in France the same time as the French Revolution in 1789. It was created by the “Comité de Salut public” and its creation was insured by the Directoire. The Cabinet secretariat lasted until today almost without interruption, playing a role which’s importance increased as political instability increased. Under the 4th Republic, the Cabinet secretariat secured the continuity of the State, through the balancing of chronic political instability.Its ties to the Prime minister raises the question of its true nature, be it political or administrative. In fact, from the “1st Empire” to the “Front Populaire”, the choice was not always made to appoint an administrator who would have been fully neutral and uninvolved to the political power.In its current form, the Cabinet secretariat is well an administrative body, that became progressively supported by a small, stable, but high-leveled administration. The extraordinary permanence of the Cabinet secretariat illustrates it perfectly.Under the 5th Republic, the steadiness of political power did not weaken the Cabinet secretariat. Its function as an organiser of the Council of the ministers even strengthened its role. Beyond its responsibility of coordinating the governmental work, it has been charged with new duties, like the defense of a law before the “Conseil constitutionnel”, the inspection of the questions of constitutional validity,or the monitoring of the application of laws. Besides, the Cabinet secretariat developed its function of a go-between between the Parliament and the Government, without even infringing upon the role of the minister in charge with the relations with the Parliament.One rebuttal evidence of the importance of the Cabinet secretariat is the relatively new tendency to maintain the Cabinet secretariat out of the decision-taking process of the State, which has for consequence a violently diminished general efficiency of the State.

Den föreliggande studien syftar till att undersöka hur socialsekreterare inomsektionen barn och familj, enheten för ekonomiskt bistånd upplever följandeaspekter: bemötandet i sig och dess betydelse samt vikten av bemötandet irelationsskapande och samarbete. Vidare syftar studien även till att undersöka ifallbemötandet är något som skiljer sig åt beroende på klient samt vilkaföreställningar det finns om hur ett gott bemötande skapas. Denna studie grundarsig på en kvalitativ ansats där vi i analys och resultat presenterar information somhar inhämtats från totalt 6 semistrukturerade intervjuer. I analysen tolkas deninhämtade informationen utifrån pliktetik, situationsetik och Michael Lipskysteori om vad som definierar en gräsrotsbyråkrat. Resultatet visar på skildaupplevelser kring vad ett gott bemötande är med en framträdande och gemensamupplevelse om att bemötande är något individuellt, och därför bör bemötandetäven anpassas utefter varje klient, situation och ärende. Utgångspunkten ärdäremot att alla klienter skall bemötas med respekt och stå lika inför lag. I studienobserveras även olika föreställningar om hur ett gott bemötande skapas, vilketyttrar sig som olika aspekter som underlättar för att socialsekreteraren skall kunnage ett gott bemötande: erfarenhet, kompetens, en / The aim of this study is to examine how social secretaries in the child and familysection, unit of economic assistance, experience the following aspects of treatmenttoward clients: the concept itself and its meaning in relationships and cooperation.Furthermore the study also aim to examine if the treatment varies on account ofthe client and what concepts there are as to what generates a good treatment. Thisstudy is based on a qualitative approach where the information has been gatheredfrom six semi-structured interviews. The information has been interpreted andanalyzed on the basis of duty ethics, situational ethics and Michael Lipsky’stheory of what defines a street-level bureaucrat. The results shows differentexperiences on what a good treatment is, the most prominent and commonexperience is that treatment is something individual and therefore all clientsshould be treated accordingly. However, the main point is that every client shouldbe treated with respect and stand equally under the law. The study also showsdifferent conceptions on how a good treatment is created and these are:experience, competence, a good relationship and an effective cooperation betweenthe social secretary and the client.

Society is obliged to intervene when children are harmed. The social services have an obligation to initiate an assessment for the children who are at risk of harm. During the assessment process, there are difficulties and obstacles that the social service workers  encounter in the work for the best interests of the child. The purpose of this study is to  illustrate the social service workers’ work with abused children (0-18 years) and their parents, in order to analyze obstacles and difficulties in the work for the Barnets bästa, (best interestsof the child) in childcare assessment. The study is based on four semi-structured interviews with social service workers from two larger municipalities that work in Swedish social services with child welfare inquiries. We were able to identify four specific difficulties which the social service workers experienced that affected the work with child assessment. These difficulties are the following: The police preliminary investigation, the meeting with childrenand parents, the workload and Handlingsutrymme (the room for maneuver). Finally, socialservice workers see the legislation as a complicating factor when it comes to working for the best interests of the child. The study then deepens the understanding of the result through an analysis based on Lipsky's theory of Street-level bureaucracy and organizational theory.

In this thesis an optimal stopping problem related to the classical secretary problem is studied. The theory of optimal stopping represents a special branch of stochastic optimization. Here the socalled full information best choice problem with a known number of offers is generalized by maximizing the probability of selecting an r-candidate, where an offer is called r-candidate if it is not lower than the maximal offer reduced by function r. In the first part discrete time is investigated. For this optimal stopping problem to select an r-candidate an optimal stopping time is indicated, the suboptimal myopic stopping time is displayed and threshold rules are studied including asymptotic behaviour. The basis of this optimal stopping problem is displayed in a general setting where the payoff depends on the prophet´s choiceand on the maximal offer, i.e. the value of the prophet. As a further application the mean of the ratio of the gambler´s choice and prophet´s value is investigated. Then in the second part offers arrive in continuous time. Offers are presented according to random arrival times and the horizon terminating the period of choosing is taken to be fixed and random. Here stress is layed on the geometric and on the exponential distribution, i.e. the Poisson process. In the final part the optimal stopping problem of maximizing the duration of owning a sufficiently good offer is applied to the concept of an r-candidate. A distinction between an overall and a temporary r-candidate is made. The duration of owning an r-candidate is investigated for a finite number of offers with regard to recall. The duration problem with discounted epochs is resolved. Finally the duration of owning an r-candidate is considered regarding the Poisson process where the horizon is fixed and exponentially distributed.

The aim of this qualitative study is to examine how social secretaries’ work with homeless clients and the factors that contribute to their recovery process from homelessness. Data from interviews with seven social secretaries were analyzed using Maslow's hierarchy of needs (2015) and the concept of social exclusion (2014). The study found that social secretaries take a holistic approach in investigating all clients' problem areas. However they experience limited room for maneuver due to social services laws and guidelines, as well as divided opinions on housing interventions. The research also identified central factors that strengthen clients' recovery process, including access to resources, strengthening social relationships and the clients' own motivation. Furthermore, social secretaries identified hindering factors such as negative social relationships and social exclusion that may impede the clients' recovery. The study also found that the lack of job opportunities and affordable housing, can act as an additional hindering factor. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for a comprehensive approach in social work with homelessness that takes into account the complex and multifaceted nature of the recovery process. A holistic perspective can help create sustainable solutions that help homeless individuals recover and rebuild their lives.

No description available.

Thesis advisor: ROWELL S. MELNICK / This issue was brought to light when the Honorable Gina M. Raimondo left the governorship behind and assumed office on March 3, 2021, to serve as the 40th U.S. Secretary of Commerce. Many asked, what would become of the initiatives she championed during her tenure? Rhode Island Universal Pre-Kindergarten (RI-UPK) was one of her signature policy goals and this research confirms the reasons behind the push, the progress made, and the challenges ahead. This thesis further highlights how the governorship plays a central role in effecting and steering education policy. Rhode Island’s state funded Pre-K has been steadily adding more seats and even before Raimondo, it has maintained the highest quality benchmarks for over a decade according to the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER). Therefore, the smallest state in the nation demonstrates a bright spot in Early Childhood Education (ECE) within an otherwise regionally underperforming public school system. This is a dichotomy that beckons in-depth analysis and further explanation. I argue that RI UPK is a model for the rest of the country to follow based on its selection as the sole test site leading up to the 2020 Census. According to US Census data collectors, Rhode Island is a microcosm of the entire country, reflective of future demographic trends. Hence, a policy implementation strategy that proves either successful or unsuccessful offers valuable insights that are widely applicable across numerous states. This thesis also explains and clarifies some contradictions in the larger debate over UPK implementation as well as chronically examining its evolution in RI. After conducting an empirical comparison and evaluation of case studies, state reports, and scholarly articles, I assert that RI UPK has the potential to serve as a national model. Analyzing a segment of Madam Secretary Raimondo’s education legacy reveals that Rhode Island not only excels as a leader in providing consistent Early Childhood Education but also possesses unique characteristics that position it at the forefront of the nationwide Universal Pre-K (UPK) discussion. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2024. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

Många ungdomars vardag präglas av hedersvåld och förtryck (HVF) och problematiken anses svår och komplex att arbeta med. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur skolkuratorer på högstadieskolor och socialsekreterare på socialtjänsten beskriver sitt stöd till och skydd av ungdomar som utsätts för HVF samt samverkan dem emellan. Metoden som används för att besvara studiens syfte är kvalitativa intervjuer med fem skolkuratorer, tre socialsekreterare och en samordnare för en samverkansgrupp kring HVF. Studiens insamlade material analyseras genom tidigare forskning om myndigheternas arbete med HVF samt samverkan. Kulturellt och feministiskt perspektiv samt teori om riskbedömning och samverkan används även för att analysera materialet. Resultatet visar att det finns en samsyn mellan professionerna gällande att stödbehovet hos HVF-utsatta ungdomar är stort. Vidare delar professionerna uppfattningen att inte agera mot ungdomens vilja samt att ett skyddstänk är viktigt. Den form av riskbedömningsverktyg som vanligen används är handlingsplaner, som finns på respektive arbetsplats. Vidare visar resultatet att det saknas strukturerad samverkan mellan professionerna. Viss samverkan föreligger men en svårighet beskrivs vara att arbetet är beroende av personbundna kontakter. Resultatet visar även att samverkan skulle gynnas av ökad kommunikation samt insyn i varandras arbete.