Orientador: Maria Rita Donalisio Cordeiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T11:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco_PriscilaMariaStolsesBergamo_D.pdf: 1732128 bytes, checksum: e40308a72ae69b30999c757a5f111ac4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O aumento da proporção de idosos no país associado à maior longevidade modificou o perfil de saúde da população com considerável aumento da demanda por prevenção e assistência à saúde nas faixas etárias mais avançadas. Neste contexto, destaca-se a importância relativa das doenças respiratórias nos idosos, com impacto econômico e social. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os fatores associados à vacinação contra influenza e doença pulmonar em idosos, com a utilização de diferentes técnicas de análise em estudos transversais de delineamento complexo. Os dados foram obtidos do "Inquérito de saúde de base populacional em municípios do Estado de São Paulo" (ISA-SP), cuja coleta foi realizada entre 2001 e 2002, e se referem a 1.958 registros de indivíduos de 60 anos e mais, analisados por meio de regressão logística e regressão de Poisson. Os resultados desta tese são apresentados em capítulos que se referem a três artigos publicados em revistas científicas. No primeiro artigo, "Fatores associados à vacinação contra influenza em idosos", os achados apontaram maior adesão à vacinação contra influenza entre os indivíduos com idade igualou superior a 70 anos (OR = 1,47; IC 95%: 1,09 -:- 1,99) e entre os hipertensos (OR = 1,39; IC 95%: 1,03 - 1,87), enquanto os idosos com nove anos ou mais de estudo referiram menor adesão à vacinação (OR = 0,64; IC 95%: 0,41 - 0,98). No segundo trabalho, "Vacinação contra influenza em idosos por área de residência: prevalência e fatores associados", pôde-se verificar diferenças no perfil do idoso quanto à referência de vacinação segundo subgrupos específicos e locais de residência. Nos municípios mais populosos apenas a menor escolaridade esteve associada à vacinação referida (RP = 1,26; IC 95%: 1,02-1,54), já na área composta pelos municípios menos populosos, idade mais avançada (RP = 1,15; IC 95%: 1,02-1,31), hipertensão arterial (RP = 1,21; IC 95%: 1,02-1,45), diabetes (RP = 1,16; IC 95%: 1,01-1,33) e doença crônica de pulmão (RP = 1,30; IC 95%: 1,03-1,64) referidas, estiveram associadas. No estudo, "Fatores associados à doença pulmonar em idosos", os resultados indicaram associação independente entre doença pulmonar referida e tabagismo (RP = 2,03; IC 95%: 1,39 - 2,97), uso de medicamentos (RP = 2,05; IC 95%: 1,11 - 3,79), auto-avaliação do estado de saúde atual como ruim ou muito ruim (RP = 1,89; IC 95%: 1,20 - 2,96) e depressão, ansiedade ou problemas emocionais (RP = 1,86; IC 95%: 1,11 - 3,10). Com o envelhecimento e a crescente importância das doenças respiratórias entre os idosos, os achados desse estudo apontam para a necessidade de ações que priorizem a manutenção da saúde do idoso, por meio de programas de promoção e prevenção que considerem as especificidades desse segmento / Abstract: The increase in the proportion of elder1y persons in Brazil, associated to increased longevity, has modified the health profile of the population, with a considerable increase in the demand for prevention and healthcare among the older age groups. In this context, the relative importance of respiratory diseases among the elder1y, along with its social and economic impact, is worthy of note. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors associated with influenza vaccination and pulmonary disease in the elder1y population, using different analytical techniques in cross-sectional studies with complex design.The data were obtained from the Population-based survey of municipalities of the State of Sao Paulo (ISA-SP), whose data collection took place between 2001 and 2002 and inc1uded 1.958 records of subjects aged 60 years or older, and were analyzed using logistic regression and Poisson regression.The results of the present thesis are presented as chapters that refer to artic1es published in scientific journals. In the first article, "Factors associated with influenza vaccination among elderly persons", our findings indicate greater adherence to influenza vaccination among subjects aged 70 years or older (OR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.09 - 1.99) and among subjects with hypertension (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.03 - 1.87), whereas elder1y subjects with nine or more years of schooling reported lesser adherence to vaccination (OR = 0.64; 95%CI: 0.41- 0.98). In the second paper, "Influenza vaccination among elderly persons according to place of residence: prevalence and associated factors", we observed differences in subject profile in tenns of self-reported vaccination according to specific subgroups and places of residence. In more populous municipalities, only lesser schooling (PR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.02-1.54) was associated with vaccination. Among the less densely populated municipalities, older age (pR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.02-1.31) and 'reported hypertension .(PR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.02-1.45), diabetes (pR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.01-1.33), and chronic pulmonary disease (PR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.03-1.64) were associated with the outcome. In the paper entitled "Factors associated with pulmonary disease among the elderly," our results indicate independent associations between self-reported pulmonary disease and smoking (pR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.39 - 2.97), medication use (pR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.11 - 3.79), self-perception of current health status as poor or very poor (RP = .1.89; 95%CI: 1.20 2.96), and depression, anxiety, or emotional disorders (pR = 1.86; 95%CI: 1.11 - 3.10).With the aging of the population, and the increasing importance of respiratory diseases among the elderly, the findings of the present study indicate a need for measures that prioritize the maintenance of health among this population, through promotion and prevention programs that take into account the specificities of this segment / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Purpose: To determine if jumping-performance changes during a peaking phase differed among returners and new players on a female collegiate volleyball team and to determine which variables best explained the variation in performance changes. Methods: Fourteen volleyball players were divided into 2 groups—returners (n = 7) and new players (n = 7)—who completed a 5-wk peaking phase prior to conference championships. Players were tested at baseline before the preseason on measures of the vastus lateralis cross-sectional area using ultrasonography, estimated back-squat 1-repetition maximum, countermovement jump height (JH), and relative peak power on a force platform. Jumping performance, rating of perceived exertion training load, and sets played were recorded weekly during the peaking phase. Results: There were moderate to very large (P < .01, Glass Δ = 1.74) and trivial to very large (P = .07, Δ = 1.09) differences in JH and relative peak power changes in favor of returners over new players, respectively, during the peaking phase. Irrespective of group, 7 of 14 players achieved peak JH 2 wk after the initial overreach. The number of sets played (r = .78, P < .01) and the athlete’s preseason relative 1-repetition maximum (r = .54, P = .05) were the strongest correlates of JH changes during the peaking phase. Conclusions: Returners achieved greater improvements in jumping performance during the peaking phase compared with new players, which may be explained by the returners’ greater relative maximal strength, time spent competing, and training experience. Thus, volleyball and strength coaches should consider these factors when prescribing training during a peaking phase to ensure their players are prepared for important competitions.

L’analyse biomécanique peut être utilisée pour comprendre et interpréter l’impact de la mobilité et du climat sur la morphologie squelettique des populations humaines préhistoriques en mesurant les propriétés mécaniques des os longs. Le comportement et le climat font parties de plusieurs facteurs non-génétiques qui peuvent avoir un impact sur l’adaptation fonctionnelle osseuse en influençant les charges mécaniques sur le squelette et déclenchant le processus de modelage osseux. Cette étude se concentre sur les changements au niveau macrostructural des os longs : les propriétés mécaniques sont ainsi calculées sur plusieurs sections en coupe afin de mesurer la robustesse et la géométrie diaphysaire. Mon projet consiste à développer une collection de référence incluant quatre populations holocènes du Nord du Canada dont les Inuit Sadlermiut et trois échantillons d’Euro-Canadiens venant de Notre-Dame, Pointe-aux-Trembles et Sainte-Marie. L’objectif est de contrôler pour différents facteurs environnementaux afin de mieux comprendre l’effet de la mobilité et le climat sur la morphologie squelettique humaine. Les propriétés mécaniques d’os longs incluant l’humérus, le fémur et le tibia sont mesurées par tomodensitométrie quantitative périphérique (pQCT). Ces données sont ensuite incluses dans une méta-analyse dont les données sont tirées de la littérature scientifique, comparant d’autres populations archéologiques qui avaient différents modes de subsistance et habitaient diverses zones climatiques. Les données démontrent que les Inuit Sadlermiut ont des membres supérieurs et inférieurs plus robustes que trois échantillons de populations d’Euro-Canadiens qui ne diffèrent pas l’un de l’autre. La robustesse squelettique chez les Sadlermiut proviendrait de leur haut niveau d’activité physique nécessité par leur mode de vie de chasseur-cueilleur dans un climat rude et froid. De plus, la méta-analyse portant sur la mobilité a déterminé que le type et l’intensité des charges mécaniques habituelles ont une influence importante sur la morphologie des membres supérieurs et inférieurs tandis que celle portant sur le climat démontre qu’une relation est significative avec l’humérus. Ainsi, ce projet atteste que le processus de modelage osseux est multifactoriel et que le degré d’influence des facteurs comportementaux et environnementaux n’est pas uniforme sur le squelette. / Biomechanical analyses have been used to study the impact of mobility and climate on the skeletal morphology of past human populations through the measure of the cross-sectional geometry of long bones. Behavior and climate are one of the many non-genetic factors that can impact bone functional adaptation by influencing mechanical loads on the skeleton and triggering the bone modeling process. The present study focuses on the structural changes occurring at the macrolevel of long bones, more specifically robusticity and shape, by calculating mechanical properties at several cross-sectional locations. This project consists of creating a reference collection using four Holocene populations from northern Canada including Sadlermiut Inuit and three Euro-Canadian samples from Notre-Dame, Pointe-aux-Trembles and Sainte-Marie. The objective is to control for different environmental factors to better understand the impact of mobility and climate on human postcranial morphology. Cross-sectional properties were measured in the humerus, femur and tibia using a portable peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). These data were then input into a meta-analysis that included data, drawn from the scientific literature, from other archaeological populations with different modes of subsistence and inhabiting various climate types. The results showed that Sadlermiut Inuit had more robust upper and lower limbs than all three samples of Euro-Canadians who did not differ significantly from one another. The high measures of robusticity among Sadlermiut were attributed to the strenuous physical activity demanded by their hunting and gathering mode of subsistence in cold and harsh environmental conditions. Furthermore, the meta-analysis on mobility demonstrated that the type and intensity of habitual mechanical loading on the skeleton has a significant influence on the upper and lower limbs whereas the meta-analysis pertaining to climate only had a significant relationship with the humerus. Essentially, this project highlights the multifactorial nature of the bone modeling process and that the level of influence of behavioral versus climatic factors is not uniform throughout the skeleton.

13 | P a g e SUMMARY In South Africa’s rapidly changing social and cultural context, where family dynamics and relationships are changing just as quickly, it is essential to discover which factors contribute to successful relationships that persist over time. Previous research has utilised the Investment Model Scale (Rusbult, 1980) in order to understand commitment processes and the constructs satisfaction, quality of alternatives and investment have been identified as key determinants of commitment in romantic contexts. In the present study however I investigated the primary research question, “How can commitment be measured in the context of family relationships?” Data collection took place through the Family Commitment Scale (which was adapted from the Investment Model Scale) and a new meaningfulness scale was added in an attempt to explore whether meaningfulness would be a better predictor of family commitment than satisfaction, quality of alternatives and investment. The statistical analyses were conducted with the purpose of examining the research question and hypotheses. The findings of the present study contribute to commitment literature by underlining the utility of the Invest Model Scale in nonromantic contexts and providing an instrument which can reliably measure family commitment. Meaningfulness is also highlighted as a motivational feature behind family commitment processes. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

The central theme of this work is cross-cutting themes. The author analyzes them from various parts, but in the context of the curriculum.The aim of the first part is to provide a comprehensive picture of the cross-sectional themes. Therefore, this section comprises of several analyzes. Critical comments and experiences of the author are an integral part of the thesis. At the end of this section, the author would like to offer the revision of the cross-sectional themes in the curriculum. Research part of thesis answers the fundamental question "How is dealt with cross-sectional themes and how are they implemented in the school curriculum, teaching and school life?" Furthermore he notes in particular the obstacles that teachers have in practice when implement the cross-sectional themes.Fundamental research method of this study is intrinsitive case study. The author was collecting the data and gaining experience for three years. He depicts the acquired knowledge in detail through a story.In conclusion, the study summarizes the most important findings. KEYWORDS: cross-sectional themes, curriculum, case study,analysis of educational programs, critical reflection

Unresolved global problems, such as extreme poverty, ask for a better understanding of what predicts altruism and what does not. The aim of this thesis project was to address this topical and timely research question by studying the predictive role of compassion and empathy in understanding altruism. In past research on the relationship between altruism and empathy, distinct empathic processes (Perspective taking, Empathic concern, Personal distress, Emotional contagion, and Behavioral contagion) have been often lumped together and the context dependency of the relationship has been insufficiently taken into account, resulting in confusion and contradictory findings. Compassion overcomes these issues. The present web-based survey with previous or current university students (age 18-45; N=240) aimed to clarify relationships between components of empathy, compassion, and altruism. It was hypothesized that (1) compassion would predict altruism beyond all components of empathy; (2) Empathic concern would mediate the relationship between Perspective taking and altruism; (3) compassion would mediate the relationship between Empathic concern and altruism, and (4) higher levels of compassion would result in a reduced negative relationship between Personal distress and altruism. The results supported all hypotheses except for the final one. These findings are discussed in context of previous research and theory, considering the current study limitations and with focus on theoretical and practical implications. In sum, the findings suggest that efforts to motivate altruism should focus on invoking positive emotions of warmth, concern, and relatability. Care should be taken to avoid unnecessary Personal distress when invoking altruism, as this reduces its likelihood.

Parents of children diagnosed with autism, a disease characterised with difficulty in speech, behaviour and language, experience chronic stress more than in any other developmental disorder. Outcomes of chronic stress in this regard are often associated with uncertain expectations of the future where current stressors are exuberated and future expectations are negated. Thinking about the future has been noted to contribute positive psychological functioning. Authors have, however, noted that some parents of autistic children are able to conceptualise positive future expectations in the mists of stressful current realities whilst using proactive coping strategies. Proactive coping literature has predominantly focused on situational characteristics and, to a lesser extent, on dispositional characteristics The relationship between dispositional characteristics - belief in just world, sense of coherence in relation to proactive coping is investigated in parents raising a child diagnosed with autism. Constructs were operationalised through the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (Antonovsky, 1987), Global Belief in Just World Scale (Lipkus, 1991), Reactions to Daily Life Questionnaire (Greenglass, 2002) and a demographic questionnaire. A cross-sectional correlational design consisting of a sample of 30 (n = 30) parents with children with autism was conducted. SPSS ver12 was used for analysis, which included both descriptive and inferential analysis. Inferential statistics included the Independent T-Test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyse independence of the sample, and Spearman Rho correlations were used to test possible correlations between constructs. The small sample size precluded more advanced statistical manipulation of data. Open ended questions were analysed through a process of content analysis. The interpretation of results showed no significant differences between independent variables (e.g. age, gender, adjustment level of child) and constructs measured. Results of the correlational analysis indicated positive correlations between (i) belief in just world andproactive coping, (ii) sense of coherence and proactive coping as well as (iii) the sense of coherence (meaningfulness) subscale and proactive coping. No relationship was found between belief in just world and proactive coping. These results indicate that these dispositional characteristics can be associated with proactive coping and that belief in just world and sense of coherence who share similar theoretical underpinnings may have different predictor values. Qualitative results suggest that parents who engage in future oriented thinking and proactive coping strategies such as planning activities and social engagements often display higher levels of just world beliefs. The present study contributes to theoretical knowledge by providing insight into the relationships between constructs with regards to proactive coping in parents who experince chronic stress, by illustrating convergence and distinctiveness between constructs. Furthermore, knowledge was gained on the influence of dispositional characteristics on proactive coping strategies, seeing as how previous research primarily focused on situational characteristics. Practical applications of the results offer insight into coping processes of parents of children diagnosed with autism with specific reference to proactive coping which ultimately implicates the applicability value of future oriented therapeutic interventions for these families. Insight into the goals of parents and the daily challenges they face will furthermore assist the helping profession and support groups to provide effective support strategies. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The objective of this research is to assess the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in order to contribute to the literature identifying validated resilience measures in low-resource settings where individuals face significant adversity. This cross-sectional study included 789 adolescent mothers who delivered at a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. The Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC was used to measure resilience. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed by evaluating individual item characteristics as well as the association of CD-RISC score with symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to test the factorial structure of the CD-RISC. The CD-RISC was found to have good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85). CD-RISC scores were positively associated with school attendance, financial hardship, and history of childhood abuse; scores were negatively associated with household dysfunction, depression, anxiety and poor sleep quality. The results of the EFA showed that the CD-RISC contained a two-factor solution, which accounted for 46% of the variance. Overall, these findings suggest that the Spanish-language version of the CD-RISC-10 is an adequate measure of resilience in this population. Further research is needed to incorporate culturally-specific constructs into resilience measures. / National Institutes of Health / Revisión por pares

<div>State and local adoption/repeal of highly polarized policies causes migration responses both out of and into the affected region. Interpreting the responses as revealed policy pref?erences leads to the conclusion that marijuana legalization and abortion waiting periods had been favored nationally, while gay marriage had been opposed. Policy preferences are geographically heterogeneous, which leads to different responses across counties. From 1992- 2017, these policy changes reduced domestic migration by two percent, which is approxi?mately 20% of the total migration decline. The migration changes, via partisan sorting, accounted for a significant share of the increased political polarization from 2012-2016 in western, urban, and swing counties. <br></div><div><br></div><div>In cases where unmarried parents have joint physical custody of their child(ren), there is a wide range of default relocation restrictions that depend on their state of origin. Using IRS county-to-county migration data, demographic data from the ACS, and state relocation restrictions gathered from divorce law websites, I study the impact of these default reloca?tion restrictions on domestic US migration. Results from both regression discontinuity and selection on observables designs, find about 10% - 30% less migration to counties that are outside the allowed relocation range. This migration friction is shown to strengthen from 1992 - 2012, as both joint physical custody and unmarried parents became more common, thereby contributing to the decline in domestic US migration. <br></div><div><br></div><div>In the United States, between 2004 and 2008, 28 states increased their minimum wage; the national minimum wage was increased in 2007. The average migration response to these increases was a 3% change in migration away from a one dollar increase. These effects are not distributed evenly across the population. People from more impacted demographic groups are more likely to move away from minimum wage increases.</div>

Denna studie undersöker om periodiseringskvalitet är en prissatt riskfaktor för nordiska företag som är noterade på en reglerad marknad under perioden 2010–2019. Tidigare studier menar att periodiseringskvalitet utgör en proxy för informationsrisk, men olika författare framställer olika slutsatser i frågan huruvida periodiserings­kvalitet är en prissatt riskfaktor eller inte. Med den av McNichols (2002) modifierade Dechow &amp; Dichev modellen (2002) mäter vi periodiseringskvalitet som standard­avvikelsen av residualer från regressioner som kopplar periodiseringar till kassaflöden. Vi mäter riskpremien genom att dela in företagen i kvintiler baserad på periodiseringskvalitet och tillämpar en likaviktad portfölj som säljer företagen i de två kvintilerna med högst periodiseringskvalitet och köper företagen i kvintilerna med lägst periodiseringskvalitet. Vi finner en signifikant negativ koefficient i en två-stegs tvärsnittsregressionen som visar att periodiseringskvalitet inte utgör en prissatt riskfaktor för nordiska företag. / This study investigates if accruals quality is a priced risk factor for Nordic countries being traded on a regulated market in the Nordic countries during 2010–2019. Earlier studies argue that accruals quality is a proxy for information risk, but different authors find different results regarding whether accruals quality is a priced risk factor or not. By using the Dechow &amp; Dichev model (2002), modified by McNichols (2002), we measure accruals quality as the standard deviation of regressions that match accruals to cash flow. We measure the risk premium by dividing the entities into quintiles and use an equal-weighted portfolio that sells the stocks in the two quintiles with the highest accruals quality and buys the two quintiles with the lowest accruals quality. We find a significant negative coefficient in a two-stage cross-sectional regression which shows that accruals quality is not a priced risk factor in the Nordic countries.